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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間:2021-06-10 13:36:02 考試英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

  英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的敘述,講究科學(xué)性,追求嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。以下是小編為大家整理小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助大家!

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)1

  1.人稱代詞

  主格: I we you she he it they

  賓格: me us you her him it them

  形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their

  名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

  2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)

  (1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er

  older taller longer stronger, etc

  (2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more

  more interesting, etc.

  (3) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母,再+er

  bigger fatter, etc.

  (4) 把y變i,再+er

  heavier, earlier

  (5) 不規(guī)則變化:

  well-better, much/many-more, etc.

  3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

  Most nouns + s a book –books

  Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

  Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

  Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

  Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

  4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)

  bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

  5. 縮略形式

  I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

  it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

  6. a/an

  a book, a peach

  an egg an hour

  7. Preposition:

  on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

  表示時(shí)間: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

  on Monday on 15th July On National Day

  in the evening in December in winter

  8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞

  one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

  9. Some /any

  I have some toys in my bedroom.

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  10. be 動(dòng)詞

  (1) Basic form: am/are/is

  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

  My eyes are(not) small.

  My hair is(not) long.

  (3)一般疑問(wèn)句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

  11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)

  肯定句: There is a …

  There are …

  一般疑問(wèn)句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

  Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

  否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….

  12. 祈使句

  Sit down please

  Don’t sit down, please.

  13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”.

  形式: be + verb +ing

  eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  動(dòng)詞 —ing 的形式

  Most verbs +ing walk—walking

  Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

  14.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

  形式:

  肯定句:

  I go to school on foot every day.

  She goes to school on foot every day.

  一般疑問(wèn)句:

  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。

  eg:

  1. I / He / She / They can sing.

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  16. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)

  (a) be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:

  I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

  一般疑問(wèn)句was, were 放在句首。

  (b) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式:

  肯定句: I watched cartoons.

  She visited the zoo.

  一般疑問(wèn)句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

  否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  He didn’t make model ships last week.

  (3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化:

  規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:

  Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

  Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

  Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped

  不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:

  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/

  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

  一、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)形容詞性物主代詞

  1、 形容詞性物主代詞8個(gè):

  My your his her its our your their

  我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的

  2、 形容詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):

  1)譯成漢語(yǔ)都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他們的

  2)后面加名詞: eg:my backpack his name

  3)前后不用冠詞 a an the

  This is a my eraser(錯(cuò)誤) That is your a pen(錯(cuò)誤) Its his the pen(錯(cuò)誤)

  3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he (物主代詞)her we (物主代詞) our

  注:在變物主代詞時(shí),把原題所給的詞加上的,再譯成單詞就可以了。

  二、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)名詞性物主代詞

  1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個(gè):

  Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

  我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的

  2、名詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):

  1)譯成漢語(yǔ)都有"的" 2)后面不加名詞 3)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

  Eg:1、thepen is mine 鋼筆是我的(mine=my pen)

  三、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)單數(shù)的句子變成復(fù)數(shù)的句子

  把單數(shù)的句子成復(fù)數(shù)的句子:

  變法是把能變成復(fù)數(shù)的詞變成復(fù)數(shù),但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑問(wèn)詞、形容詞、國(guó)家及地點(diǎn)通常不變。

  Eg:把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)

  1, I have a car ----we have cars

  2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys

  3, It is a car ----They are cars

  4, This is an eraser ----These are erasers

  5, That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks

  6,Im an English teather ------We are English teathers

  7,Its a new shirt---- They are new shirts

  8,Hes a boy ----They are boys

  9,Shes a singer ------They are singers

  10,Whats this in English?---- What are these in English?

  四、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)名詞的數(shù)語(yǔ)法

  名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式

  1、名詞的單數(shù):表示一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物

  2、名詞的復(fù)數(shù):表示一個(gè)人以上的人或事物

  名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律如下:

  1、多數(shù)情況下在名詞后面加S,s 在清輔音后讀【S】

  2、以s,x,sh,ch為結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es, es讀作【iz】

  3、以f,fe為結(jié)尾的.詞去掉f或fe加ves,ves讀作【vz】

  4、以輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y 為ies

  5、以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加s

  6、不規(guī)則變化

  a變成e

  Man-men

  woman-women

  policeman-policemen

  Policewoman-policewomen

  單復(fù)數(shù)同形

  Chinese-chinese

  Japanese-japanese

  sheep -sheep

  deer -deer

  不規(guī)則變化

  This 這個(gè)these這些(復(fù)數(shù))

  that那個(gè) those那些(復(fù)數(shù))

  I我 we我們(復(fù)數(shù))

  he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù))

  am ,is是 are(復(fù)數(shù))

  五、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)人稱代詞主格及賓格

  人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:

  主格和賓格漢語(yǔ)意思相同,但位置不同。

  Eg: I(主格)"我": me (賓格)"我"

  主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后,也就是說(shuō)賓格,不放在句首。

  Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格) Excuse me (me 賓格) I ask him to go (him 賓格) They sit in front of me(me 賓格)

  主格(8個(gè)):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

  賓格(8個(gè)):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

  六、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)名詞所有格語(yǔ)法

  1、 變法:在人名后面加s

  記。簊要譯成"的"eg:Lucy(名詞所有格)Lucys

  2、 如果是2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上人的名詞所有格要在最后一個(gè)人名加s

  Eg:Lily and Lucy (名詞所有格)Lily and LucyS

  Lily Lucy and Julia (名詞所有格) Lily Lucy and Julias

  3、 以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格在后面加,eg:students

  七、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)就劃線部分提問(wèn)練習(xí)題

  就劃線部分提問(wèn)的變法:

  1、 先根據(jù)劃線部分找到特殊疑問(wèn)詞。

  2、 再把沒(méi)劃線的部分變成一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。

  3、 特殊疑問(wèn)詞通常有:what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ what class /whatgrade/what row/what school

  八、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句

  1、一般疑問(wèn)句最基本的變法:be 提前 用問(wèn)號(hào) 讀升調(diào)

  2、my變成your our變成your I am / We are 變Are you I can 變Can you

  3、注意人名不論放在什么位置都要大寫(xiě) Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?

  4、一般疑問(wèn)句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)都有"嗎"?

  1)This is my English teather. Is this your Englishteather?

  2)It is our school. Is it your school?

  3)We are students. Are you students?

  4)I can sing. Can you sing?

  九、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法

  動(dòng)詞的用法

  1、到目前為止,我們學(xué)過(guò)的be動(dòng)詞包括三個(gè)詞 am ,is, are 這三個(gè)詞的漢語(yǔ)意思相同,都是"是"的意思,但怎么運(yùn)用好這三個(gè)詞呢?請(qǐng)記住下列口決:

  2、我是am( eg:I am a pupil.) 你是 are (eg:You are a girl.) Is 用在他、她、它( eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.見(jiàn)到復(fù)數(shù)就用are.)

  3、記住:am,is 的復(fù)數(shù)是are.;these 這些 ;those 那些(這兩個(gè)詞都表示復(fù)數(shù))

  十、英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法語(yǔ)法

  簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法

  1、簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法:把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母,通常是元音字母變成 但are除外,are要把a(bǔ)打成 。Eg:he is=hesthey are=theyre

  2、簡(jiǎn)縮形式和完全形式的漢語(yǔ)意思相同。

  3、把完全形式變成簡(jiǎn)縮形式時(shí),一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =Whats

  4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;lets =let us 讓我們(不要把 變成i)

  5、記住:this is 沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)縮形式thiss(錯(cuò)誤)

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)3

  1、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng);蛄(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。

  2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s,主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動(dòng)詞用原形。

  3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù),否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do,句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。

  動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

  2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.

  3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。

  4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。

  動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則

  1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

  4、be going to

  1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。

  2.肯定句:be going to +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?

  5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

  1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng);蚍磸(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。

  2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化:

 、臿m 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)

 、芶re在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)

 、菐в衱as或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。

  3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子

  否定句:didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問(wèn)句:在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:

  ⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

  動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則:

  1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,

  再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat