英語時態(tài)過去完成時
過去完成時，表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。今天CN人才小編為大家收集整理的是英語過去完成時的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡，歡迎閱讀參考。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
�、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
�、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ad+主語+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主語+had.
否定回答：No,主語+had not .
④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語+過去分詞+其他)
�、荼粍诱Z態(tài)：主語+had(not) +been+動詞過去分詞+其他.
主要用法
1、表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作。如：
When the horse had finished the race, its sides were wet with foam. (這匹馬結(jié)束比賽時，脊背被汗水濕透了。)
I found your coat after you had left the house. (你離開房子之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的外衣。)
2、表示由過去的某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。如：
Up to the sixties he had lived the life of a young man. (一直到60多歲，他還過著青年人的生活。)
When he had stayed here for two or three days he began to feel at home. (他在這兒住了兩三天，才覺得沒有什么拘束。)
標(biāo)志性詞語
過去完成時常見的標(biāo)志性時間狀語主要有：
1、by the end of+過去時間
By the end of last year, we had solved more than 100 problems. (到去年年底，我們已經(jīng)解決了100多個問題。)
2、by the time+從句(動作發(fā)生在過去)
By the time she left the city, she had used up all her savings. (到她離開這個城市的時候，她的存款已全部用完。)
3、by (the time of)+過去時間
He had taught maths for four years by last July. (到上個七月為止，他已經(jīng)教了四年數(shù)學(xué)了。)
4、before+過去時間
He had never ridden a horse before last month. (到上個月以前他從來沒有騎過馬。)
語法判定
1.由時間狀語來判定
一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：
�、� by + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
昨晚九點(diǎn)我已看完這本小說了。
�、� by the end of + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了二千多個英語單詞。
③ before + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上星期三之前，他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹了。
2.由“過去的過去”來判定
過去完成時表示“過去的`過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：
①賓語從句中
當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.
她說她已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
�、跔钫Z從句中
在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。
如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
做完作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺了。
注意：before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。
如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
他關(guān)上了門，離開了教室。
③表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
我們原本希望你來，但你沒有來。
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。
如：I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上遇見了王滔。自從他去北京，我們都沒有見過面。
小試牛刀
1. We _______ (paint) the house before we _______ (move) in.
2. That rich old man ______(make) a will before he ______(die).
3. They ______ (study) the map of the country before they _______(leave).
4. The robbers ______(run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I ______(turn off) all the lights before I ______(go) to bed.
6. Paul _______ (go) out with Jane after he _______(make) a phone call.
7. Tom ______(say) he _______(read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ______ (fail ) because we _______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman _______ (finish) speaking, he _______ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads _______(have) lunch when I _______(get) to their house.
答案
1. had painted ... moved
2. had made ... died
3. had studied … left
4. had run away … arrived
5. had turned off … went
6. went … had made
7. said … had read
8 .failed … had made
9. (had) finished … left
10. were having/had had … got
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