高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯和句型
高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯
1.accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指責(zé)，控告”之意，有時(shí)可通用，但結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣。accuse不一定針對(duì)重大過(guò)失或罪行，其結(jié)構(gòu)為accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大過(guò)失或罪行，其結(jié)構(gòu)為charge sb with sth，此結(jié)構(gòu)還有“使某人負(fù)有……責(zé)任”之意。例如：
例1：My father accused me of my being too careless. (父親責(zé)備我太粗心。)
例2：He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽職守。)
例3：He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4：Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控謀殺。)
例5：He was charged with an important task. (他擔(dān)負(fù)有一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。例如：
例6：At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7：You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to：增添。指增添喜悅、悲傷、麻煩等。例如：
例8：His coming added to our trouble. (他的到來(lái)給我們添了麻煩。)
add up：加起來(lái)。例如：
例9：Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to：總計(jì)。表示加起來(lái)的結(jié)果，無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
例10：All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise：建議，勸說(shuō)。例如：
例11：I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12：I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
例13：I advised him to give up smoking.
例14：I advised him not to smoke.
例15：Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16：Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest：建議，表明，暗示。例如：
例17：We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18：We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
例19：His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那蒼白的臉色表明他身體欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with：同意，贊成(后接“人”或what從句作賓語(yǔ));適合，適應(yīng);一致。例如：
例20：I don’t quite agree with you.
例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22：The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (這里的天氣我們多數(shù)人不適應(yīng)。)
例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to：同意，贊成。指一方同意另一方的意見(jiàn)、建議、觀點(diǎn)、想法等。例如：
例24：John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on：對(duì)……達(dá)成共識(shí)。指雙方或多方對(duì)某事取得一致意見(jiàn)。例如：
例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow：允許，許可。指聽(tīng)任或默許，也可用來(lái)表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。例如：
例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27：Smoking is not allowed here.
例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit：允許，許可。通常指正式的許可。例如：
例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含義雖然有所差別，但實(shí)際運(yùn)用中兩者常通用。
let：允許，讓。其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)應(yīng)是不帶to的不定式。一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
例30：Don’t let this happen again.
例31：This is not allowed to happen again. (不說(shuō)：This is not let to happen again.)
promise：答應(yīng)，允諾。用于主動(dòng)答應(yīng)自己要做什么的場(chǎng)合。例如：
例32：They promised an immediate reply.
例33：He promised to start at once.
例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答應(yīng)他馬上處理這件事。不定式to see to 是主語(yǔ)I發(fā)出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公開(kāi)或正式宣布人們關(guān)心的某件事情。例如：
例35：The government announced that the danger was past.
例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外，要表達(dá)“向某人宣布某事”，應(yīng)用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的動(dòng)詞還有say，explain等。例如：
例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我們宣布了這個(gè)消息，然后對(duì)我們說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在讓我詳細(xì)給你們解釋吧。”)
declare：宣布，聲明。指以正式的話語(yǔ)公開(kāi)宣布某件事。例如：
例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展覽會(huì)開(kāi)幕。)
7.answer / reply
answer：回答，回應(yīng)。例如：
例39：“Tom!” No one answered.
例40：Please answer the door-bell. (請(qǐng)去開(kāi)門(mén)。)
例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42：No one was able to answer him a word.
reply：回答，答復(fù)。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后需接to再接賓語(yǔ);作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后直接接that從句或what從句，或用于倒裝句。例如：
例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44：He replied that he would not go.
例45：Not a word did she reply.(她一句話也不應(yīng)。)
answer當(dāng)名詞用時(shí)，與reply一樣，要接to。例如：
例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear：顯得，好像。有時(shí)含有表面上顯得，而事實(shí)未必的意味。例如：
例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(這種蘋(píng)果看起來(lái)好，實(shí)際吃起來(lái)酸。)
seem：好像。暗示判斷有一定根據(jù)，往往接近事實(shí)。例如：
例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你這次似乎又犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。)
例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look：好像。表示憑感覺(jué)作出的判斷。例如：
例50：What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51：It looks like rain. (看來(lái)要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue：辯論，爭(zhēng)論。指提出理由或論據(jù)以支持或反駁某種意見(jiàn)或主張，著重說(shuō)理。如：
例52：What are you arguing about?
例53：I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel：爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵，吵架。例如：
例54：It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (為那件事同你老板爭(zhēng)吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive，reach和get都有“到達(dá)”的'意思。arrive通常與介詞at或in連用，它和reach是比較正式的用語(yǔ);reach是及物動(dòng)詞;get通常與介詞to連用，在口語(yǔ)中常用。arrive和get后接副詞(如here, there, home等)時(shí)，不用介詞。reach和arrive at還有“達(dá)成(協(xié)議)，作出(決定)”的意思。例如：
例55：When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56：At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57：The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58：At what time did you get to the post office?
例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(幾個(gè)小時(shí)的討論后，雙方還是沒(méi)能達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)。)
高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)句型
句型1
would ratherthat somebody did…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望)
would ratherthat somebody had done…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示過(guò)去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather youposted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。
I'd rather youwere not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是個(gè)知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時(shí)間在一起。
I'd ratherthat I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒(méi)有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主語(yǔ)+did/had done…好像……(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí))[參考句型4]
[例句]
Our headteacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in ourclass think highly of her.
Alan talkedabout Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來(lái)就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。
句型3
"wish +賓語(yǔ)從句"，表示不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí);
表示過(guò)去的愿望：主語(yǔ)+had done;
表示將來(lái)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+would/coulddo
[例句]
How I wish westudents had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己!
I failed inthe maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!
What a pityyou can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It'shigh/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……
[例句]
It's time thatyou went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
It's high timethat we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。
I think it'shigh time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
句型5
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
could havedone "本來(lái)可以……"(表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能)。
might havedone "本來(lái)可能……;本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事"(實(shí)際沒(méi)有發(fā)生;含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。
should/oughtto have done "本來(lái)該做某事"(而實(shí)際未做)
shouldnot/ought not to have done "本來(lái)不該做"(實(shí)際卻做過(guò)了，含有責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣)
needn't havedone "本來(lái)不必做"(但是已經(jīng)做過(guò)了)
would ratherhave done "當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事"(實(shí)際沒(méi)有做過(guò));否定式would rathernot have done表達(dá)相反意思，兩者都有表示"后悔"之意。
句型6
as, though,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。[參考倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)] 請(qǐng)注意下列句式的變化：
[例句]
1.Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Youngas/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。
2.Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Muchas/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點(diǎn)。
3.Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child(省略冠詞)as/though he is, he knows a lot ofChinese characters. 他雖然還是個(gè)孩子，卻認(rèn)識(shí)了許多漢字。
4. Although hetried, he couldn't solve the problem.
→Try as hemight, he couldn't solve the problem. 盡管他努力了，但是他沒(méi)有解決問(wèn)題。
5. Although itis raining, I'm going out for a walk.
→Raining as itis, I'm going out for a walk. 天雖然在下雨，我還是要出去散步。
6. Strange asit may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒(méi)有人受傷。
7. Much as Iwould like to help, I have a lot to do. 雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。
8. Object asyou may, I will go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)"沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……"
[例句]
The roof fellbefore he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。
He ran offbefore I could stop him. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。
To my greatdisappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a wordwith her.
讓我非常失望的是，我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)"過(guò)了多久才……"或"動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……"
[例句]
They walkedabout fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。
The workersworked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。
He almostknocked me down before he knew it.
他幾乎撞到我了才意識(shí)到。
We had walkeda long way before we found some water.
我們走了很長(zhǎng)的路才找到一點(diǎn)水。
Five years wentby before I knew it. 不知不覺(jué)，五年過(guò)去了。
句型9
It was + 時(shí)間段+before…."過(guò)了多久才(怎么樣)……"
It was notlong before…."不久，就……"
It will (not)be +時(shí)間段+before…."要過(guò)多久(不久)……才……"(before從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài))
[例句]
It was notlong before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。
It was fivedays before he came back. 五天后他才回來(lái)。
It will behalf a year before you graduate from the school. 再過(guò)半年你才能畢業(yè)。
It will not belong before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會(huì)互相了解。
句型10
in caseof…(+n.) "以防;萬(wàn)一";
in case that…"以防，萬(wàn)一……"(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形)
[例句]
In case offire, what should we do?
Please remindme about it in case I forget/should forget. 萬(wàn)一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>
In case (that)John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please takeyour umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
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