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高考英語(yǔ)手記倒裝句語(yǔ)法
下面是小編分享的一篇高考英語(yǔ)手記倒裝句語(yǔ)法。一起來(lái)看看吧。
一.考綱要求
根據(jù)考綱的要求，考生需要掌握使用部分倒裝和全部倒裝的幾種常見情況。
二. 命題導(dǎo)向
近年的高考試題主要是考查句子的正確語(yǔ)序、置于句首先的副詞、短語(yǔ)和選擇連詞。
三。復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
1. 全部倒裝
在下面幾種情況下，需把全部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成全部倒裝：
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。例如：
Look, there's that bookshop I was telling you about。
Long ago there lived a king with his three lovely daughters。
(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首時(shí)，為使生動(dòng)地描述情景而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。此時(shí)，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：
There goes the phone. I'll answer it。
There comes the bus!
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face。
(3)Such作表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。例如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
(4)直接引語(yǔ)的全部或部分位于句首時(shí)。例如：
“If you die, who will get your money?”asked Holmes。
(5)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)開頭的句子。
In the center of the square stands a monument。
On the back wall hangs a portrait。
Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens。
(6)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，或使上下文銜接緊密，而將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，引起倒裝。例如：
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil。
Seated on the grass are a group of students。
Lying about on the floor are books and magazines。
2.部分倒裝
在下列幾種情況下，只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
(1) little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, rarely, seldom, by no means, at no time，under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意義的單詞和短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。例如：
Little does he care about what others think。
Under no circumstances are you to leave the house。
Not a word did he say at the meeting yesterday。
(2) 在not…until…, no sooner...than..., scarcely/hardly...when..., not only...but also... neither...nor.。.等句式中。例如：
Not until he told me did I know the truth。
Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang。
Not only do the workers want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well。
Neither does he drink nor smoke。
(3) 當(dāng)only 修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。例如：
Only then did I find I have made a mistake。
(4) 在 so/such …that…。從句中，當(dāng)so+形容詞/副詞或such+名詞位于句首時(shí)。例如：
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest。
(5)當(dāng)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，常用so/as+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，表示“……也是……”。例如：
Times have changed and so have I。
Eve’s very tall, as was her mother。
(6)當(dāng)neither, nor位于句首， 表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用與另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，常用neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，表示“……也不……”。例如：
They couldn’t understand it at the time, and nor could we。
(7)省略if的虛擬條件句，把助動(dòng)詞were、had、should提到主語(yǔ)前面時(shí)。例如：
Had it not been for your help, we shouldn't have achieved so much。
(8)as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot of things。
Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open。
Strange though it may seem, I like housework。
(9)當(dāng)may放在句首，表達(dá)祝愿時(shí)。例如：
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
四.注意事項(xiàng)
1. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞而不是名詞時(shí)，以簡(jiǎn)短副詞開頭的句子不倒裝。例如：
Here you are。
Away they went。
2. 當(dāng)only修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不倒裝。例如：
Only you are responsible for what you will become in the future。
Only in this way can you learn English well。
3. not 修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子不倒裝。例如：
Not one of the students knew the answer。
4. 當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)說(shuō)話人談?wù)摰氖峭蝗恕⑼皇聲r(shí)，常用so/as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不再采用主謂倒裝。例如：
—I reminded you not to forget the appointment。
—So you did。
—You forgot your purse when you went out。
—Good heavens, so I did。
五. 精典名題導(dǎo)解
1. (2008上海) So much of interest _____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all。
A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
考點(diǎn)解析：題干為so…that句式，因so位于句首，因此主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。最佳答案為C。
2. (2008陜西)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it。
A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop
考點(diǎn)解析：題干中含有not...until.。.句式，而且not +until從句位于句首，因此主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。最佳答案為B。
3. (2008遼寧) Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______。
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
考點(diǎn)解析：前句為否定句，下句不是前句的情況適用于另一主語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，最佳答案為B。
4. (2008重慶) Only when I left my parents for Italy ______ how much I loved them。
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
考點(diǎn)解析：因Only+ when狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首，因此主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，最佳答案為D。
5. (2009年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)班第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)) —How did you enjoy your visit?
一 in my life had I received such good service from any business。
A.Few B.Never C.Only D.None
考點(diǎn)解析：依據(jù)題干中had I received謂語(yǔ)采用倒裝的信息，可判斷空白處填副詞Never ，最佳答案為B。
6. (江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考)—It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the cooker。
—My God! 。
A.So were you B.So was I C.So did I D.So I did
考點(diǎn)解析：答語(yǔ)中的My God!暗示說(shuō)話人同意上句的內(nèi)容，因此空白處填So I did，表示“天那，我真是(太粗心)”。最佳答案為D。
7. (2009年江西省南昌市高三調(diào)研測(cè)試卷) Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today。
A.has this city been B.this city has been
C.was this city D.this city was
考點(diǎn)解析：因含否定意義的詞語(yǔ)Never位于句首，因此謂語(yǔ)需用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，句中含副詞before多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此最佳答案為A。
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