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高中語法ing總結(jié)
下面是小編給各位考生整理的高中語法ing總結(jié)，歡迎閱讀。
1、-ing分詞的構(gòu)成
-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式(以do為例)：
一般式 完成式
主動(dòng)形式 doing 主動(dòng)形式 having done
被動(dòng)形式 being done 被動(dòng)形式 having been done
-ing分詞的否定形式是由not 加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。
2. -ing分詞的一般式和完成式：
-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
Being a student, he was interested in books. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對書本很感興趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。
3. -ing分詞的被動(dòng)式：
-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(being done)和完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)。如：
The question being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老師批評以后，他把煙戒了。
注意：在need, want, require, be worth等動(dòng)詞(短語)后，作賓語的-ing分詞常用主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)含義。如：
Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一看。
4. -ing分詞的語法作用
-ing分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語等。
1)–ing分詞(短語)作主語：
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。
Saying is easier than doing. 說比做容易。
在下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，-ing分詞也作主語。
�、贋榱吮３志渥悠胶�，通常用作形式主語，而把真實(shí)主語放在句末。如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作無益的后悔是沒有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辯論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
�、谠赥here is no結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用-ing分詞。如：
There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 歷史車輪不可阻擋。
2) -ing分詞(短語)作表語：
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的愛好是收集郵票。
The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令人困惑。
3) -ing分詞作賓語：
�、�–ing分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語。如：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建議用另一種方法做這件事。
We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我們喜歡聽李老師的課。
�、�-ing分詞作賓語也可用在復(fù)合賓語中作真正的賓語，而用it作形式賓語。如：
I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我認(rèn)為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。
Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一次會(huì)有好處嗎?
�、�-ing分詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。如：
I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反對邀請他來吃飯。
They don’t feel like walking that much. 他們不喜歡走那么多路。
此類短語還有很多。如：look forward to(渴望，盼望), be proud of(以……自豪), be responsible for(對……負(fù)責(zé)), insist on(堅(jiān)持), think of(考慮，想到), dream of(夢想), object to(反對，抗議), hear of(聽說), prevent…from(防止，阻止), keep…from(防止，阻止), stop…from(防止，阻止), be engaged in(從事于), depend on(依靠，依賴), thank…for(因……而道謝), excuse…for(因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devote…to(獻(xiàn)身于), set about(著手做), be/get used to(習(xí)慣于), be fond of(喜歡), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(對……厭煩), succeed in(成功地做……), be interested in(對……感興趣), be ashamed of(對……感到羞愧)等等。
注意：在有些句子中，介詞常可省去。如：
I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么困難。
He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 過去他�；ê芏鄷r(shí)間玩游戲。
What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚?
另外，-ing分詞可以和一些介詞如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等構(gòu)成短語，在句中作狀語。如：
He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.
除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照顧四個(gè)孩子。
On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 聽到這個(gè)消息后，所有的學(xué)生都高興得跳了起來。
4) -ing分詞作定語：
�、賳蝹�(gè)的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如：
reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車
sleeping car 臥車 singing competition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室
�、�-ing分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰?
They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。
�、�–ing分詞還可以作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，常用逗號和句子其它部分分開。如:
The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.
歌詞一般講當(dāng)前的工作，大部分是他自己寫的。
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 當(dāng)她出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣高興地跑了過去。
5) -ing分詞做狀語：
-ing分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
①-ing分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。如：
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。
�、�-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂罚也荒馨堰@本書送給他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng)，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。
�、�–ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如：
They stood there for half an hour， watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。
�、�-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。如：
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。
注：-ing分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語。
⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。
例：
�、賂he storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to caused D. having caused
�、�----“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ______ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
�、跧t’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
�、躝____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
⑤Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
�、轔il prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
�、逫t was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
⑧_____ more about university course, call (920)7463789.
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. Find out D. Having found out
簡析：1.D.結(jié)果狀語，時(shí)間有明顯先后之分;2.B.伴隨狀語;3.D.條件狀語，有明顯時(shí)間先后之分;4.C.原因狀語，時(shí)間有明顯先后之分;5.D.伴隨狀語;6.B.結(jié)果狀語。7.C.作目的狀語;8.A.作目的狀語;
6) -ing分詞作補(bǔ)語：
①--ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)語。如：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。
②上面這類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)，-ing分詞可看成是主語補(bǔ)語。如：
We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長時(shí)間。
Lily was never heard singing that song again. 人們再也沒有聽到吉麗唱這首歌了。
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