rather than的用法詳解

　　rather than 用法小結(jié)

　　rather than 是一個并列連詞,用法比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)歸納如下：

　　1. rather than 與would 連用時,構(gòu)成“would rather...than...”句式,意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”,表示主觀愿望,即在兩者之中選擇其一.例如：

　　She'd rather die than lose the children. 她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們.

　　2. rather than 不與would連用時,表示客觀事實,意為“是……而不是……;與其……不如……”.它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等.現(xiàn)分述如下：

　　(1) 連接兩個名詞或代詞

　　He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個海員,不如說他是一個探險者.

　　You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野營.

　　注意：rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.

　　(2) 連接兩個形容詞

　　The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮.

　　(3) 連接兩個介詞(短語)或動名詞

　　We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我們是在教室里開會,不是在大廳里.

　　She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜歡唱歌,而不喜歡跳舞.

　　(4) 連接兩個分句

　　We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我們應(yīng)該幫助他而不是他應(yīng)該幫助我們.

　　(5) 連接兩個不定式

　　I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我決定寫信而不打電話.

　　注意：rather than 后接不定式時,不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to, 如上句.但rather than位于句首時,則只能接不帶to 的不定式.如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜爛掉,把它們以半價賣掉了.

　　(6) 連接兩個動詞

　　He ran rather than walked. 他是跑來的,而不是走來的.

　　注意：這里rather than 后用了walked,而沒有用walk,表示客觀事實,而不是主觀愿望.如果換成walk,則作“寧愿……而不愿 ……”解.

　　would rather的用法

　　一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”,后接動詞原形,常省略為’d rather,表示優(yōu)先選擇的一種方式

　　其否定形式是would rather not do sth.would rather沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,所有的人稱一律用would rather.

　　“would rather+動詞原形”是英語中常見的一個慣用句式,美國英語中多用had rather.would (had)在此決無“過去”之意,它是一個情態(tài)助動詞,且無詞性、時態(tài)變化.

　　例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂.

　　If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你寧愿獨自呆著,那我們都離開這兒.

　　He’d rather work in the countryside. 她寧可到農(nóng)村去工作.

　　You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中讀點書.

　　二、如果在兩者中進行取舍,表示“寧愿……而不愿……,與其……寧可……”的意思時,則可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

　　例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影.

　　The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車.

　　請注意 1) would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would….Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動詞不定式,若選用的動詞相同,那么than 后的動詞可以省略.

　　例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯.

　　He would rather drink wine than beer. 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒.

　　Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 與其在這樣差的條件下工作,他寧愿放棄.

　　2)使用would rather…than…句型時要注意“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”,即在than 的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組,如兩個名詞、兩個不定式、兩個介詞短語等.

　　例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班.

　　I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話.

　　三、在疑問句式中,would rather 與would rather…than…中的would要放在主語之前

　　例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里,還是回家?

　　Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉?

　　Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎?

　　四、 would rather+從句,是一個常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?其意為“寧愿……,還是…… 好些”“一個人寧愿另一個人做某事”.引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略.在談到過去的動作時,謂語則用過去完成時.

　　例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想去看我.我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天.(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來)

　　We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢.

　　Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天別來.我希望你下周末來.

　　請注意 1) 如果談到過去的動作,也就是表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情在選擇上不恰當.此時,主句一般為I had rather ,其(that)從句則用過去完成時. 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你沒有做那件事.

　　2)如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個人,則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結(jié)構(gòu).

　　例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里. He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods. 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠實的手段獲取金錢.

　　Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個部門工作.

　　五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區(qū)別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區(qū)別,但經(jīng)常接觸到的是would rather.

　　例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk. 湯姆寧可讀書而不愿談天. Tom prefers reading to talking.湯姆喜歡讀書而不喜歡談天.

　　請注意 1)would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式,而prefer后跟動名詞+to+動名詞.有時prefer后面也可跟名詞,而在would rather之后要求只帶動詞原形.

　　例 He prefers wine to beer.= He would rather drink wine than beer. 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒.

　　I prefer tennis to golf.= I’d rather play tennis than golf. 我喜歡打網(wǎng)球而不喜歡打高爾夫球. 2)某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達出來：He prefers dogs to cats.(他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓.)和 He would rather have dogs than cats.(他寧可養(yǎng)狗而不愿養(yǎng)貓.)很明顯,這兩句的意思并不完全相同.

　　3) would rather+不帶to的不定式有時可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式.

　　例 I’d rather fly than go by sea.=I’d prefer to fly. 我寧愿乘飛機也不愿乘船.

　　這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)后面帶名詞時情況也一樣：

　　例 —Would you like some gin?

　　—I’d prefer a coffee.=I’d rather have coffee than gin.

　　—您想喝點杜松子酒嗎?

　　—我想喝點咖啡./我想喝點咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒.

　　4)would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者帶to.

　　例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air. 我們是乘船去的,可我本想乘飛機去.(我愿意乘飛機去,可我的愿望未能實現(xiàn).)這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點相似,would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實現(xiàn)的愿望.

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