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介詞with常見用法小結(jié)
介詞 With常見用法小結(jié)
1. 具有;帶有 having;carrying
Soon he came to a river with a wooden bridge over it. 不久,他來到了架有木頭橋的河邊.
China is a country with a long history. 中國是一個歷史悠久的國家.
The girl with long hair is my sister.那個留長發(fā)的姑娘是我妹妹
注意：with ,about ,和in均可表示特征和屬性.
With表示屬于人和物的顯著特點(diǎn);about表示附屬于人或物不可捉摸的的特點(diǎn);
In表示附屬與人或物的內(nèi)部固有特點(diǎn).
His uncle is an old man with a red nose.它的叔叔是位紅鼻子老人.
There is a certain charm about that man.那個人有某種魅力.
There is something strange in him.他身上有點(diǎn)奇怪的地方.
2. 用;使用(工具、手段等) word that shows what you are using
He was writing with a pencil. 他在用鉛筆寫字.
The streets are paved with stone. 街道鋪了石子.
He was killed with a knife =Someone killed him with a knife.有人用刀殺了他.
He was killed by a falling rock.=A falling rock killed him.他被落石砸死了.
The tops of the mountains are covered with snow. 山頂上覆蓋著白雪.
注意：(1). “With+東西”表示行為的主體通常是人把該物體當(dāng)作工具來使用
“by+東西” 表示并非 “人”而是該“東西”才是行為的主體
He was killed with a knife =Someone killed him with a knife.有人用刀殺了他.
He was killed by a falling rock.=A falling rock killed him.他被落石砸死了.
(2).with跟使用的工具;In跟使用的材料.同時使用工具和材料使用with.
May I write with a pencil我可以用鉛筆寫嗎
He gave his card,with a few words in pencil.他把它的名便給我,上面有幾個鉛筆字.
It must be written with pen and blue ink.這必須用鉛筆和藍(lán)墨水書寫. (同時使用)
3. 與…一道;跟…一起 word that shows things or people are together
Robert is playing with his friend. 羅伯特跟他的朋友在一起玩.
I shall go there with my students. 我將和同學(xué)們一起去那里. I'm going to finish the job with my friends. 我要和朋友們一起把活干完.
4. 在…一邊;與…一致;擁護(hù) on the same side; agreeing
I agree with you. 我同意你的意見.
Are you with us or against us 你是擁護(hù)我們還是反對我們?
5. …對…;與…對壘 against
She was angry with me. 她生我的氣.
Don't fight with your brother. 別和你弟弟打架.
6. 由于;因為 because of (這種語義的with多半與表示情緒的詞連用
She was red with anger .她憤怒的張紅了臉
The baby was crying with hunger. 嬰兒在哭,因為他餓了.
She was dying with hunger. 她餓得要命.
Don't become dizzy with success. 別因為勝利而沖昏了頭腦.
7. (表示行為、方式)以…;帶著 word that shows how something happens,how you do something,etc.
He spoke with anger. 他生氣地說.
We run our school with advanced thought. 我們用先進(jìn)的思想管理學(xué)校.
He came with a new dictionary. 他是帶著一本新詞典來的.
8. 隨著 in the same way as;at the same time as
A tree's shadow moves with the sun. 樹蔭隨太陽而移動.
A man grows wiser with age. 隨著年令的增長,人變得更聰明.
The shadow moves with the sun. 影子隨著太陽而動.
9.其他常用句型
So it is with +賓格代詞…某人的情況也如此.
——He is clever and likes English
——So it is with his brother.
As is often the case (with sb..)對某人來說是常事.
AS is often the case with him,he is late again ,
As with…正如…的情形一樣
As with young birds ,the time comes for young people to leave their famile
It is the same with…某人的情況也如此.
——He likes football but doesn‘t like basketball.
——It is the same with his brother.
區(qū)別：The boy in a red T-shirt is Robert Jenkins.穿一件紅色T裇的男孩是羅伯特.杰肯斯\x09
The boy with a red T-shirt is Robert Jenkins.拿一件紅色T裇的男孩是羅伯特.杰肯斯\x09
With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種.學(xué)好它對學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重要的作用.本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點(diǎn)及用法等作一較全面闡述,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語法知識.
一、 with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成
它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二
部分補(bǔ)足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞.With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：
1. with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞;
2. with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞;
3. with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語;
4. with或without-名詞/代詞 +動詞不定式;
5. with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞.
下面分別舉例：
1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名詞+形容詞,作伴隨狀語)
2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名詞+副詞,作時間狀語)
3、 The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with+名詞+介詞短語,作伴隨狀語.) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名詞+不定式,作伴隨狀語) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代詞 +不定式,作條件狀語)
5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ,作伴隨狀語) Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語)
二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語,表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件(詳見上述例句).
With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語.例如：
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.
2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.
三、 with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)
1. with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系, 也就是說,可以用第一部分作主語,第二部分作謂語,構(gòu)成一個句子.例如： With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)
2. 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一部分為人稱代詞時,則該用賓格代詞.例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.
四、 幾點(diǎn)說明：
1. with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的位置： with 結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語,表示時間、條件、原因時一般放在句子前面,并用逗號與句子分開;表示方式和伴隨狀況時一般放在句子后面,不用逗號分開.若with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,則放在所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號隔開.
2. with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞 、和過去分詞的區(qū)別： 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示主動,但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動作;過去分詞表示被動或完成.
例如： With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已領(lǐng)過路)
With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天將領(lǐng)路)
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寢室被關(guān)著)
3. with結(jié)構(gòu)與一般的with短語的區(qū)別： with結(jié)構(gòu)具有上述功能和特點(diǎn),而\"介詞with+名詞或代詞(組)\"組成的一般的with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語.作狀語時,它能表示動作的方式、原因,但不能表示時間、伴隨和條件.在一般的with短語中,with后面所跟的不是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.
4. with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系： with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散;而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有with或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語.在句法功能上,with結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不能;獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語,但也可以作主語,而with結(jié)構(gòu)則不能.
獨(dú)立主格在口語中不常用,往往由一個從句代替,而with結(jié)構(gòu)較口語化,較常用.例如：
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(\"with+復(fù)合賓語\"結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作定語)
A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作主語)
The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,作狀語)
Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名詞+介詞短語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語,表示伴隨情況) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語)
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