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虛擬語氣的用法（附用法規(guī)律+語法作業(yè)）
虛擬語氣是說話者用來表示假設(shè)，或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，而非客觀存在的事實(shí)，所陳述的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，甚至完全與事實(shí)相反。以下是小編為大家收集的虛擬語氣的用法，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
| 【1】虛擬語氣用法總結(jié) | 【4】其他句型中的虛擬語氣 |
| 【2】條件句中的虛擬語氣 | 【5】虛擬語氣的十一條規(guī)律 |
| 【3】虛擬語氣在各種從句中的用法 | 【6】虛擬語氣的語法作業(yè) |
虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)
一、虛擬語氣的使用范圍：
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。該語法主要用于if 條件狀語從句中，也可用于主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句等。
二、虛擬語氣的判斷：
1、if 條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷。
if 條件狀語從句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句。假設(shè)條件可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的句子為真實(shí)條件句，反之為非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語氣。其形式分為以下三種：
(1) 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had + 過去分詞”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 過去分詞”。例如：
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天沒有下大雨，我們就能玩網(wǎng)球了。
(2) 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，系動(dòng)詞用were，主句的'謂語用“should (would, could, might) + 動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：
If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她為妻。
(3) 與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should (were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“should
(would, could, might) + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 例如：
If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你錯(cuò)過了這次機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)難過的。
2、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。
(1) wish后接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：根據(jù)從句的意義來判斷。
A: 表示與現(xiàn)在和將來事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I wish they were not so late. 要是他們來得不是這么晚就好了。
B: 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示“要求、建議、命令”等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：
I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我堅(jiān)持讓他和我們一起去。
注意：當(dāng)insist 表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”、suggest表示“表明，顯示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。例如：
He insisted that she was honest. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她是誠實(shí)的。
3、主語從句中的虛擬語氣。
(1) It be + 形容詞 + that... (should)...。用于該句型的形容詞有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如：
It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。
(2) It be + 過去分詞 + that... (should)...。用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞是表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、命令”等詞的過去分詞。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如：
It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望這所房子在下個(gè)月前就能竣工。
(3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (過去時(shí)或should + 動(dòng)詞原形)...。例如：
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我該回家了。
(4) 表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具體內(nèi)容解釋的名詞后要使用虛擬語氣，其謂語動(dòng)詞為：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，連接從句的that不能省略。例如：
My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上去那兒。
4、省略形式。
有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將had, should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這時(shí)，如果出現(xiàn)not等否定詞時(shí)需放在主語后面。例如：
If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分鐘，她就會(huì)看見她的老朋友了。
條件句中的虛擬語氣
英語中條件從句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，另一類是非真實(shí)條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句；如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。
�。ㄒ唬┱鎸�(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都要用陳述語氣。
If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him.
如果他八點(diǎn)不來，我們就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.
過去發(fā)生洪水的話，常有很大的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我們將去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean.
如果你能保持車子干凈，我就讓你用我的自行車。
�。ǘ┓钦鎸�(shí)條件句
在含有非真實(shí)條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成有三種形式：
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件
條件從句用動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句用should（第一人稱）或would（全部人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形�？捎们閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞could, might代替should, would表示情態(tài)。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends.
明天要是星期天的話，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try.
我要是你，我就去試試。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成為馬匹，叫花子都有了坐騎。
2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件
條件從句用動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)，主句用should（第一人稱）或would（全部人稱）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
如果昨天我知道你的電話號(hào)碼，我就給你打電話了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping.
今天早上要是沒下雨，我就去買東西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs.
倘若我們沒有修建這么多的水庫，洪水就會(huì)使人民遭受巨大的損失。
3、表示在將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件
表示在將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件從句有三種形式：
�。�1）were/did
條件從句用動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句用should（第一人稱）或would（全部人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him.
明天如果他在這里的話，我就和他談?wù)劇?/p>
If you dropped the glass, it would break.
你要是讓杯子掉下來，會(huì)打碎的`。
If she had time, she could help me.
她要是有時(shí)間，就會(huì)幫我了。
�。�2）should do
條件從句中不管什么人稱都用should do，可表示有偶然實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。
If it should rain, the crops could be saved.
假如下雨，莊稼可能就有救了。
We would trust him if he should be honest.
如果他真是誠實(shí)的，那我們就相信他。
�。�3）were to do
條件從句用were + to do。這種形式比較正式，常出現(xiàn)在書面語中，其假設(shè)成份很大，實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小。
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.
要是我做這項(xiàng)工作，我就會(huì)以不同的方式去做。
If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him.
假如校長(zhǎng)來了，我們對(duì)他說什么呢？
【對(duì)比】將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的三種非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣：
常用形式：
If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天下雪的話，我就留在家里。
可能性較�。�
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天下雪的話，我就留在家里。
可能性最小：
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天要下雪的話，我就留在家里。
�。ㄈ┦÷詉f的條件句
在書面語中，非真實(shí)條件句中有were, had, should時(shí)，可以省略if，而把were,had, should放在主語前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay.
�。�= If it were necessary......）
如果需要的話，我可以立即去。
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.
�。�= If you had taken my advice......）
你要是聽了我的建議，就不會(huì)考試不及格了。
Should I have time, I would call on her.
（= If I should have time......）
要是有時(shí)間，我就去看她。
�。ㄋ模╁e(cuò)綜條件句
虛擬條件句中的主句和從句涉及的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)主句和從句的謂語形式應(yīng)按照各自動(dòng)作發(fā)生的實(shí)際時(shí)間來表達(dá)。
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.如果你昨天不看電視，你現(xiàn)在也就不會(huì)這么困了。（從句yesterday說明過去，主句now說明現(xiàn)在）If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half anhour.如果他們今天一早就離開家的話，再過半小時(shí)他們就該到了。（從句說明過去，主句說明將來。）If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future.如果你此刻猶豫不決，你將來會(huì)吃苦頭的。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明將來）
【注意】在很多情況下，我們也可以用was來代替當(dāng)主語是第一人稱或第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)的were。
If he were here tomorrow...
也可以說成：If he was here tomorrow...
I wish I were a bird.
也可以說成：I wish I was a bird.
但倒裝句型中的were不可被was來替換。
Were I in your position,I would not do it.
如果我處在你的位置，我是不會(huì)干這件事的。
�。ㄎ澹┖顥l件句
非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況：
1、條件暗含在短語中
He would not get such a result without your help.
沒有你的幫助，他就不會(huì)有今天的成果。
(條件暗含在介詞短語without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon.
要不是有你，我就不會(huì)恢復(fù)得這么快。
(條件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.
同樣的事，如發(fā)生在過去，就會(huì)釀成大禍。
(條件暗含在分詞短語happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.
他一定是去過那兒，否則他絕不會(huì)對(duì)那個(gè)地方如此熟悉。
(暗含條件是連詞or)
2、條件可根據(jù)上下文推理出
It would do you no good.
這可能會(huì)對(duì)你沒好處。
(條件可能是if you should give up the job如果你放棄這項(xiàng)工作的話)
They could have won.
他們本來是會(huì)贏的。
(條件可能是if they had been patient如果他們有耐心的話)
Such mistakes could have been avoided.
這種錯(cuò)誤完全能避免。
(條件可能是ifyou had been more careful如果你更加小心一點(diǎn)的話)
Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you.
為什么你不告訴我？我會(huì)幫助你的。
(條件可能是if you had told me about it如果你當(dāng)時(shí)告訴我的話)
3、條件用其他形式來表示
She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting.
她病了，否則的話就會(huì)出席會(huì)議了。
(條件通過連詞otherwiseor表示出來If shehad not been ill...)
I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him.
我讓他自己去那里，但也許我應(yīng)該和他一道去。
(連詞but暗示條件)
Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do?
假若你站在我的立場(chǎng)上，你會(huì)怎么辦？
(用suppose/supposing/providing等詞表示if)
To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well.
如果你同她交談，你就會(huì)知道她的聽力不好。
(動(dòng)詞不定式帶有假設(shè)的意思，相當(dāng)于If you should talk with her...)
Left to himself, he could not have finished the work.
要是放任他的話，他是不可能完成工作的。
(動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示條件If hehad been left to himself...)
【提示】在很多情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。
You wouldn't know.
你不會(huì)知道。
I would like to go with you.
我愿意和你一起去。
虛擬語氣在各種從句中的用法
虛擬語氣除主要用于非真實(shí)條件句外，還可用在部分主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句之中。
�。ㄒ唬┟~性從句中的虛擬語氣
主句中的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞如表示要求、建議、命令或愿望等含義，與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。
1、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
主語從句通常用于“It is +形容詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+ that ...”結(jié)構(gòu)。主語從句中是否用虛擬語氣取決于所用的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”（美國英語常省略should，只用動(dòng)詞原形）。
�。�1）表示建議或命令
It is important that we (should) work out a study plan.
重要的是我們要制訂出一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。
It will be better that we (should) meet some other time.
最好我們?cè)诹硪粋�(gè)時(shí)間見面。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.
有人建議每個(gè)學(xué)生都要唱一首英文歌曲。
It is demanded that he should leave at once.
要求他立刻離開。
�。�2）表示驚訝
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.
真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。
It is a pity shame that I should be at school instead of lying here inhospital.
真可惜，我應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)校而不是躺在醫(yī)院里。
It is natural that you should forget it first.
你起先記不住是很自然的。
【必背】常見的要接含有虛擬語氣主語從句的詞：
形容詞：important,necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等
動(dòng)詞的-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired,demanded,proposed等
It is necessary that the program (should) beloaded into the computer.
有必要把程序輸入電腦。
It is strange that he should have learned somuch in such a short time.
很奇怪他竟然在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)了那么多的東西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
希望一切在今晚前準(zhǔn)備就緒。
2、賓語從句
虛擬語氣常用在表示要求、建議、命令或愿望的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。
常見的賓語從句中需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的動(dòng)詞有：
一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist
兩個(gè)命令：order,command
三個(gè)建議：suggest,advise,propose
四個(gè)要求：demand,require,ask,desire
�。�1）在suggest（建議）, order(命令), propose(建議),insist（堅(jiān)持要做）, command (命令)，request（要求），advise（建議）等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用should +動(dòng)詞原形（美國英語常省略should）。
The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator.
考官要求學(xué)生不要使用計(jì)算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should)be raised by 10 percent.
工人們要求增加百分之十的工資。
They requested that he (should) sing a song.
他們要求他唱一首歌。
【比較】動(dòng)詞suggest和insist后面的賓語從句，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況選用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣：
A. suggest作“建議”解時(shí)，用虛擬語氣，作“使想起、暗示”解時(shí)，用陳述語氣。
His silence suggested that he agreed with mydecision.
他的沉默暗示他贊同我的決定。（暗示）
He suggested that I (should) stick to mydecision.
他建議我堅(jiān)持自己的決定。（建議）
B. insist作“堅(jiān)決要求”解時(shí)，用虛擬語氣，作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，用陳述語氣。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health.
他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為做早操對(duì)健康有益。（強(qiáng)調(diào)）
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.
他堅(jiān)持每天都要做早操。（要求）
�。�2）在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
�、僖话氵^去時(shí)were/did，表示目前不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
I wish I were a bird.
但愿我是一只小鳥。
I wish I knew the answer.
我要是知道答案就好了。
②過去完成時(shí)had done，表示過去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.
那時(shí)她要是接受我的建議就好了。
I wish that I had seen her yesterday.
真希望我昨天見過她。
�、圻^去將來時(shí)would/could do，表示將來沒有把握或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer.
我希望你再呆一個(gè)小時(shí)。
I wish it could stop raining.
但愿雨能停。
【提示】由于wish和hope的漢語意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出錯(cuò)。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，后接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣；hope表示“希望”，指可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，后接從句時(shí)用陳述語氣。
The students hope that their football team will win the game.
學(xué)生們希望他們的足球隊(duì)獲勝。（可能實(shí)現(xiàn)）
I wish I could see him now.
我希望現(xiàn)在就能看到他。（不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)）
3、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說英語。
The demand is that the composition (should)be written on one side only.
按照要求作文必須單面謄寫。
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.我的愿望是所有家庭成員一年團(tuán)圓一次。
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable.
教育要改革的建議是合理的。
【必背】表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞常見的有：
advice建議
demand要求
desire愿望
decision決定
idea意見
motion提議
order命令
proposal提議
requirement要求
request請(qǐng)求
regulation規(guī)章
suggestion建議
�。ǘ钫Z從句中的虛擬語氣
1、方式狀語從句
由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的'狀語從句可以用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況，也可以用虛擬語氣表示與事實(shí)不符或與事實(shí)相反的情況。
�、俦硎九c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不相符，用一般過去時(shí)
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.
這位老師對(duì)待這位學(xué)生就像自己的親生孩子一樣。（這位學(xué)生并不是她的親生孩子）
�、诒硎九c過去事實(shí)不相符，用過去完成時(shí)
I feltas though we had known each other for years.
我感覺我們好像認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。（其實(shí)并沒有認(rèn)識(shí)多年）
�、郾硎九c將來事實(shí)不相符，用would/might/could
It looksas if it might rain.
天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）
【對(duì)比】
He looks as if he is young.
看樣子他好像很年輕。（他就是年輕）
He looks as if he were young.
看樣子他好像很年輕。（實(shí)際上他不年輕）
2、目的狀語從句
�。�1）由incase, lest, for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示憂慮或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget.
請(qǐng)你明天再提醒我這件事，以免我忘記。
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget.
她一再強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)免得他忘記。
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that thereshould be any misunderstanding.
我們開了一個(gè)會(huì)，面對(duì)面談了這件事，以免發(fā)生任何誤會(huì).
（2）在inorder that和so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.
我要把你的電話號(hào)碼記下來，以免忘記。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.
為了能提前完成工作，他們比往常更加努力。
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真實(shí)情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。
3、讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句指事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。若從句內(nèi)容表示現(xiàn)在和將來的假設(shè)情況，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope.
即使他失敗了，仍有一線希望。
I should say the same thing even if he were here.
即使他在這里，我還是要這么說。
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part.
不管他成功還是失敗，我們還是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together.
不管雨下得多么大，今晚我們還是要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law.
一個(gè)人不論其社會(huì)地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
（三）定語從句中的虛擬語氣
在It is (high) time (that) ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，表示“到某人該做某事的時(shí)間了”。
It is time that the children went to bed.
到孩子們睡覺的時(shí)間了。
It is high time that we began the meeting.
正是我們開會(huì)的時(shí)間了。
其他句型中的虛擬語氣
�。ㄒ唬㊣f only......
If only位于句首引起的感嘆句用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示目前的愿望，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的愿望，用would或could表示將來。
If onlyhe knew the answer.
他要是知道答案就好了。（用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在）
If onlyI could speak several foreign languages！
我要是能講幾種外語就好了！（用would/could表示將來）
If only you had told me the truth before.
要是你以前告訴我真相就好了。（用過去完成時(shí)表示過去）
【注意】if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。
If only it would rain.
但愿天能下點(diǎn)兒雨！
�。�=How I wish it would rain.）
If onlyI had known her earlier!
要是我早點(diǎn)兒認(rèn)識(shí)她就好了！
�。�= Iwish I had known her earlier.）
�。ǘ﹚ould rather
would rather, would prefer, would sooner等后接從句，表示“寧愿”，動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)和將來的情況，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況。
I wouldrather you left today.
我寧可你今天走。
I would prefer he didn't stay here too long.
我倒希望他不要在這兒呆得太久。
I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday.
我寧愿昨天沒有看那場(chǎng)電影。
【提示】would rather主要有兩種用法：
A. 后接不帶to的不定式
I'd rather play tennis than swim.
我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，也不愿游泳。
I'd rather not go to the movies.
我寧愿不去看電影。
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
你喜歡喝茶，還是咖啡?
B. 后接不用連詞的that從句
I'd rather you went home now.
我希望你現(xiàn)在就回家。
I would rather my daughter attended a public school.
我希望我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。
�。ㄈ┍硎驹竿母袊@句
在表示祝愿的感嘆句中，用動(dòng)詞原形，表示愿望。
Long live the People's Republic of China!
中華人民共和國萬歲！
May you be happy!
祝您快樂！
God bless you!
上帝保佑你！
Success attend you!
祝你成功！
The Lord save us!
愿主救我們！
（四）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣
部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去形式（could,might, should, would），可以用于非真實(shí)條件句以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)中表示虛擬語氣。
1、表示想像或猜測(cè)
If Icould speak French, I would teach you.
如果我會(huì)說法語，我就能教你。（我不會(huì)，所以不能教你）
If you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled.
如果你現(xiàn)在給他打電話，你就可以把問題解決了。
There could be something wrong with the tape recorder.
這臺(tái)錄音機(jī)可能出毛病了。
He mighthave said so.
他可能這樣說過。
Could he have done such a foolish thing？
他會(huì)做這樣的傻事嗎？
2、表示委婉或客氣
虛擬語氣（could,would, might +動(dòng)詞原形）可使說話者的口氣變得委婉客氣。
You could answer this email for me.
你可以替我回這個(gè)電子郵件。
Could you leave me your telephone number and address？
你能將電話號(hào)碼和地址留給我嗎？
Would you mind opening the window？勞駕把窗子打開，好嗎？
You might as well put off the discussion till next week.
你們不妨把討論推遲到下個(gè)星期。
【比較】
would like to do愿意，想要
would like to have done本來想
I would like (to have) a word with you.
我想和你談一談。(現(xiàn)在想)
I would like to have talked with you.
我原本想和你談一談的。（沒有談成）
3、表示惋惜或責(zé)備
Given more time, we could have done better.
如果給我們更多時(shí)間，我們能夠干得更好些。（我們并沒有得到更多的時(shí)間）
You could have got up a little earlier！
你完全可以早點(diǎn)兒起來�。▽�(shí)際上沒有早起）
It was cold yesterday. I should have worn a heavy coat.
昨天很冷，我該穿件厚外套的.。（但我沒穿）
This wall shouldn't have been pained blue.
這墻不應(yīng)該漆成藍(lán)色。（但已漆了）
【提示】
當(dāng)代英語一個(gè)顯著的變化就是虛擬語氣的使用越來越少，許多該用虛擬語氣的地方都用陳述語氣代替。
He suggested that I went to the hospital at once.
他建議我們立刻去醫(yī)院。（原應(yīng)用shouldgo）
We shall write down the address lest we forget.
我們要把地址記下來，以免忘記。（原應(yīng)用shouldforget）
Imagine you are an astronaut.
設(shè)想你是個(gè)宇航員。（原應(yīng)用were）
虛擬語氣的十一條規(guī)律
一.虛擬語氣用于假設(shè)
二.虛擬語氣用于以as if和as though(好像)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，表示不太符合實(shí)際的比喻
This microcomputer operates as though it had been repaired.這臺(tái)微型計(jì)算機(jī)操作起來好像修理過似的。(事實(shí)上這臺(tái)微型計(jì)算機(jī)操作前沒有進(jìn)行過修理。)
【注】在look和其他個(gè)別動(dòng)詞后引起的as if或as though的從句內(nèi)，可以用
虛擬語氣，目前有趨勢(shì)，也可以用陳述語氣，因?yàn)閍s if和as though(好像)已
襯托出虛擬語氣的含義。
1.It seems as if we shall have to walk home.看來我們似乎得步行回家了。
2.It sounds as though someone is knocking at the door.聽起來似乎有人在敲門。
三.虛擬語氣用于以lest，for fear that和in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中
1.He is working hard for fear that should fall behind.他工作努力，怕落在別人后面。
2.I wrote everything down lest I should it.為了怕忘記，我把毎件事都記下來了。
必須注意，上述目的狀語從句內(nèi)的should還可以省略，于是就以動(dòng)詞原形出現(xiàn)。
四，虛擬語氣用于though(或although)，evenif和eventhough引出的讓
步狀語從句中，表示已不把讓步作為事實(shí)，卻把它當(dāng)作假設(shè)來用
1.Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, either. 即使他在這里，他也不能立即解決這個(gè)問題。(事實(shí)上他沒有在這里。)
2.Though(或Although)he blame me，yet will I trust in him.即使他責(zé)備
我，我還是依然信任他。
上句是用動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語氣，借以體現(xiàn)不把讓步當(dāng)作事實(shí)。
與此同理，如果在條件從句內(nèi)也采用動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語氣，當(dāng)然也可把條件轉(zhuǎn)為假設(shè)。
例如：
If the news be true,his life is in the greatest danger.如果這消息確實(shí)，那么他的生命處于極其危險(xiǎn)之中。(注意主詞并沒用虛擬語氣。)
五.虛擬語氣用于表示愿望的固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)中
1.You had better clear up this problem.你最好將這間題解樣清楚。
2.We would like to see her.我們?cè)敢庖娝?/p>
3.He would rather you didn't do that for the time being. 他寧可讓你暫時(shí)不要做那件事。
六.虛擬語氣用于主句中含有建議、勸告、要求，請(qǐng)求、需要、愿望、命令
等詞語的有關(guān)從句中，體現(xiàn)一種“讓某人做某事”的主觀意向
1.I recommended that he (should) study more English before going abroad.我建議(讓)他出國前多學(xué)點(diǎn)英語。(賓語從句用虛擬語氣。)
2.She thinks it necessary that we should obtain experience through practice.她認(rèn)為有必要讓我們通過實(shí)踐取得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(it為形式賓語，后面從句為真正賓語，并用了虛擬語氣。)
3.I agree to the proposal that we (should) put this question to the vote. 我同意這個(gè)提議——讓這問題付諸表決。(同位語從句用虛擬語氣。)
4.It is desired that you (should) put yourself in his position. 希望（讓）你
設(shè)身處地為他想一想。(主語從句用虛擬語氣。)
【注】屬干本類用法的詞語還有：demand,propose,command,request,insist,
suggestion,idea,order,recommendation,motion(動(dòng)議)，plan等。見到這些詞，
后面從句用should或用動(dòng)詞原形，便是虛擬語氣的用法了。
七.虛擬語氣用于表不祝愿的祈使句中，一般用動(dòng)詞原形，或者may加動(dòng)
詞原形
May your life be long.祝(愿)君長(zhǎng)壽!
八.虛擬語氣用于表示主觀揣測(cè)和婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣
1.Would you write a letter to him? 你要不要給他寫一封信了(婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣。用will就不如would顯得客氣。)
2.May I come in?我可以進(jìn)來嗎？（用might比may語氣委婉。）
九.虛擬語氣用于it is time后的定語從句中
1.It is (high) time (that) we (should) set off.我們?cè)搫?dòng)身了!
2.It is time(that )we got up.我們?cè)撈鸫擦?(本句用一般過去時(shí)表示虛擬語氣。關(guān)系副詞that常省略。)
在本句型中，第2句的虛擬語氣表示法比第1句用得更廣泛。
十，虛擬語氣用于表示驚奇、疑惑、沒料到的'事
1.I never thought that the problem should be so easy.我從來沒想到這問題居然會(huì)如此容易。
2.We just couldn't believe that the new building should be so beautiful. 我們簡(jiǎn)直不相信新樓會(huì)這樣漂亮。
【注】對(duì)過去事實(shí)表示驚奇，should后用完成式動(dòng)詞；對(duì)今后的事表示驚奇，則should后用一般式動(dòng)詞。
十一.虛擬語氣用于it is important(或natural)，it has been decided， I am sorry，they were disappointed等句子后面的從句中
1.It is natural that I should drop in on my teacher.自然我要順便走訪我的老師
2.I am sorry that he should be so weak.很遺憾，他身體(竟然)這樣弱。
虛擬語氣的語法作業(yè)
1. He acted ____ he had never lived in China before.
2.____ to the doctor right away, he mighthave been alive.
3. If you were older, I ____ you to gothere yesterday.
4. The secretary suggested that they ____the men in at once.
5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all aboutit last night.
6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we___ the bus.
7. If I ____ more time, I would have gonewith him.
8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he____ to the meeting.
9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the MonkeyKing _____ right away.
10.Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotelany longer.
11.Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If hewoke up, he _____ you.
12.Without electricity human life _____quite different today.
13.How I wish I ____ to reapair the watch!I only made it worse.
14.He demanded that the laboratory report___ immediately after the experiment was done.
15.The man insisted that he _____ there.
16.If he had not gone out in the storm_____.
17.If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?
18.It is required that you ____ at six.
19.If only I _____ how to operate anelectronic computer as you do.
20.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, asthough his thought _____.
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