動名詞的用法

　　不要以為一個動詞加上ing后都是現(xiàn)在進行式呀!動名詞可分為兩大類：

　　一、名詞性的動名詞(Nominal Gerund)

　　Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠詞(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠詞

　　(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在動名詞前的還有如：my, this, some,

　　any, all, no 等等。舉例如下：

　　1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.

　　(singing前加定冠詞 the及形容詞mellow;coming 前加 the)

　　2.　We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙聲) in

　　the bushes.

　　(rustling 前加不定冠詞a及形容詞 faint)

　　從上面的例子可看出如何將一個動詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞;但它和真正的名詞還是有區(qū)別的，那

　　就是沒有單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)之分。不過，有一些動名詞是可以變成真正名詞的喔，如：

　　saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,

　　saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它們都可以有復(fù)數(shù)的喔，

　　方法就是在它們的后面加個s，如：paintings。

　　二、動詞性的動名詞(Verbal Gerund)

　　看看下面的句子：

　　Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.

　　上面的句子里的writing是動名詞，但前面有副詞carelessly(粗心地)，后面又有受

　　詞(Object) essays。因此writing就有動詞的特征。

　　注意：Verbal Gerund 這類動名詞的前面可不能加上任何冠詞(the, a, an ...)喔。

　　好，今天就談到這里，更多關(guān)于動名詞的事下回再談。如果諸位不怕頭暈的，請再來試

　　試，嘿嘿!

　　談?wù)剟用�詞(Gerund)(二)

　　動名詞的功能與用法　　一、在句子中用作主語(Subject)或主語的補語(Subject　Complement):

　　1.1　作主語

　　1. Listening to music gives me pleasure.　(主語Listening )

　　2. Running is good exercise. (主語running)

　　3. Walking to school is a good idea.　(主語walking)

　　1.2　 作主語的補語

　　1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (補語sleeping)

　　2. Seeing is believing. (主語seeing, 補語believing)

　　1.3　主語置于句尾

　　1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型

　　1. It is fun speaking English.

　　2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).

　　1.3.2　用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型

　　1. It is no use learning theory without practice.

　　2. It is no fun being lost in rain.

　　1.3.3　用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型

　　1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.

　　1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型

　　1. There is no joking about such matters.

　　2. There is no getting along with him. (簡直無法與他相處)

　　如何?感到頭暈了嗎?不怕的再來吧。再見。

　　談?wù)剟用�詞(Gerund)(三)

　　二、動名詞也可以作賓語(Object)

　　2.1　作動詞/動詞短語的賓語(置于動詞或動詞短語的后面)

　　1. I cannot help laughing. (我禁不住笑了起來)(賓語laughing)

　　2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.　(賓語quarrelling)

　　3. You should practice speaking English more.　(賓語speaking)

　　注意：上面三個句子中的動詞:help, avoid, practice 只能用動名詞作賓語。這類

　　動詞還有：

　　dislike 厭惡 admit 接受　repent 后悔　acknowledge 承認(rèn)

　　enjoy 享受　 escape避免　deny 否認(rèn)　　postpone 延遲

　　resent 怨恨　mind 介意　 miss 錯過　　risk 冒風(fēng)險

　　finish 完成　avoid 避免　delay 耽誤　 consider 認(rèn)為

　　fancy 想象　 excuse 原諒 include 包括 imagine 想象

　　resist 抵制　suggest 建議 ……

　　還有短語類：

　　keep (on)繼續(xù) don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放棄

　　put off 延遲　leave off 停止　　burst out 闖出　……

　　再請注意：有一些動詞除了可接動名詞外，也可接不定詞(infinitive)。例子如下：

　　1. I prefer living　in an apartment. (動詞prefer接動名詞 living)

　　2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (動詞prefer接不定詞 to live)

　　像上面兩個句子的意思沒什么不同。如 prefer 這一類的動詞還有：

　　allow　 deserve　　neglect　 attempt

　　fear　　omit　　　 begin　　 hate

　　permit　bother　　 intend　　cease

　　like　　recommend　continue　love

　　start　 stop　　　 forget　　regret

　　propose try　　　　continue　remember

　　need　……

　　其實如hate, love, like之類動詞，接動名詞和接不定詞的句子，意思是會有些不

　　同的，這就留給大家去研究吧，hihi……

　　2.2　作介詞(Preposition)的賓語(Object)

　　1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介詞for，賓語giving)

　　2. The book is worth reading. (介詞worth, 賓語reading)

　　3. I reached him by calling his office. (介詞by, 賓語calling)

　　4. The police arrested(逮捕)him for speeding. (介詞for, 賓語speeding)

　　注意：在下列的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞 in 被省略掉：

　　1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.

　　2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.

　　3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.

　　4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?

　　2.3　 作"名詞+介詞"的賓語

　　請看下列的句子：

　　1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 賓

　　語speaking)

　　2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 賓語

　　studying)

　　這一類"名詞+介詞"的還有：

　　danger of　　fear of　　　　objection to

　　delight to　 habit of　　　 opportunity for /of

　　excuse for　 experience in　love in

　　reason for　 ……

　　好了，好了，看到這里，你是不是需要一點風(fēng)油呢?呵呵!Gerund還沒談完呢，再會

　　吧。

　　談?wù)剟用�詞(Gerund)(四)

　　三、句子中動名詞的邏輯主語(Implied Subject)

　　什么是動名詞的邏輯主語呢?在句子中，除了原有的主語之外，屬于動名詞的"主語

　　"，也就稱為"邏輯主語"，一般位于動名詞的前面。

　　3.1　在動名詞前加"物主代詞(如：my, his...)"或"名詞所有格(如：Mary's,

　　Dog's...)"

　　1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主語/邏輯主語his, 動名詞coming)

　　2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主語/邏輯主

　　語Tom,動名詞escaping)

　　3.2　作賓語(Object)的動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，在動名詞前加"物主代詞"或"名

　　詞所有格"

　　1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (邏輯主語my, 動名詞smoking)

　　2. He insisted on Mary's staying there.　(邏輯主語Mary, 動名詞staying)

　　注意：作為邏輯主語的名詞/代詞為無生命時，則用通格(of the):

　　1.　I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate

　　friends. (邏輯主語news)

　　3.3　在下列情況中，不能使用所有格：

　　3.3.1 代詞為 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作為邏輯主語時:

　　1. I remember all of them saying it .

　　3.3.2　數(shù)詞、名詞化形容詞(如 the three, the old...)作邏輯主語時：

　　1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe

　　it.

　　3.3.3　結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語是名子或短語，或受從句或短語修飾時：

　　1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking

　　a little louder?

　　真是煩死人了!還好，"動名詞"最難的一關(guān)要算是"邏輯主語"了。如果你闖過后，接下

　　來的就輕松得多了。哈哈……

　　談?wù)剟用�詞(Gerund)(五)

　　四、動名詞的語態(tài)

　　4.1　被動式(being + v-ed)

　　當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語所表示的是動作的對象時，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)。

　　1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.

　　2. They couldn't stand being treated(被對待) like that.

　　4.2　完成式 (having + v-ed)

　　動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。

　　1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.

　　2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.

　　4.3　完成式的被動語態(tài) (having been + v-ed)

　　1.　I heard of his having been chosen(被選為) to be the coach of the team.

　　2.　Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被對待)

　　rudely.

　　4.4　在動詞 need, want, require, deserve 之后的動名詞(作為賓語)，要用主動

　　語態(tài)來表示被動的意思。

　　1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要澆水).

　　2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回

　　答).

　　五、作定語 (Attribute)

　　動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語，表示該名詞的用途或有關(guān)的動作。

　　1. sleeping car 臥車

　　2. walking stick 手杖

　　3. printing shop 印務(wù)館

　　4. reading room 閱讀室

　　5. swimming pool　泳池

　　6. washing machine　洗衣機

　　7. dining room　飯廳

　　六、在英文正式語體里，動名詞可放在前置詞(Preposition)后，以替代副詞/狀語的子

　　句(Adverbial Clauses)

　　例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the

　　following number:...

　　2.　In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the

　　following number:...

　　第二個句子的"In case of "動名詞短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一個句子的 "In

　　case" 副詞子句。

　　下列都是這類例子：

　　1.　In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )

　　2.　Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted.　(despite)

　　3.　For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)

　　4.　The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)

　　5.　In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)

　　6.　Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )

　　7.　The girl left without saying a word. (without)

　　8.　The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)

　　9.　The children got tired from learning too much.　(from)

　　10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England.

　　(after)

　　11. Before going to bed, I opened the window.　(before)

　　12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)

　　13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)

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