2014年職稱英語《綜合A》真題(部分)
第十四篇 The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation forpublic enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trusthas received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Governmentdepartment. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside andhistoric buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary supportfrom members of the public'. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty andplaces of historical interest.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses andcastles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to theTrust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.This gift attracted wide publicityand started the Trust's "Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of theGovernment and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to thepublic about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quaners of amillion people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancientwind and water mills3 , nature reserves4, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand fivehundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages noone is allowed to build, develop 'or disturb the old village environment in any way and all thehouses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres ofcoastline , woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbancesof any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect thepeace, beauty and wildlife.
So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organizationand an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty andof historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions oftourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
注釋：
1. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.
它是個慈善機構(gòu)，靠公眾中的會員自愿支持它才得以生存。depend on someone forsomething：在某事上依靠某人。又如：We depend on John for news supplies.在消息來源方面我們依靠約翰。原句中由于depend on的賓語voluntary support from members of the public較長，因此，將for its existence提前。這種現(xiàn)象本文中還有另外兩處。第一句中的for publicenjoyment和第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的accessible to the public都分別被提前。
2.,.. the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fiftyof these old houses.……托管委員會拯救了大約150座這樣的老房子，并使大眾能參觀這些老房子。make something accessible to someone:使某人能接觸(或使用)某物。又如：Theschool has decided to make sports facilities more readily accessible to students.學(xué)校決定讓學(xué)生能更方便地使用體育設(shè)施。
3.wind and water mills:靠風(fēng)力和水流驅(qū)動的磨坊
4.nature reserves:自然保護區(qū)
練習(xí)：
1. The National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. British people's dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty andplaces of historical interest has been increasing.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. The Trust's "Country House Scheme" provides an easy access for the public t0 150 0ld housesor so.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5.A project which is t0 fortify a 16th century old house but keep its original style will not beapproved by the National Trust.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. The public may enter a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying anymoney, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and beverage.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain.
A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B文章第一段說國家托管委員會盡管從政府那兒得到實際上和道義上的支持，其財政單純依靠私人捐款，而沒有政府撥款。
2.A第一段第一句話說在英國，國家托管委員會在保護名勝古跡方面扮演著越來越重要的角色。倒數(shù)第二段講該委員會管理著面積廣大的各種名勝古跡、自然景觀。最后一段說經(jīng)過80年的發(fā)展，該組織已成為一個重要組織，成為國民生活中必不可少、受人尊敬的一部分。
因此我們可以說英國民眾越來越依靠托管委員會來保護風(fēng)景名勝。
3.C第二段提到Lord Lothian在死后把一所17世紀(jì)的古宅及其周圍4500英畝的土地贈與托管委員會，但是沒有提到他是該委員會的建立者之一。
4.A第二段說托管委員會實行的“鄉(xiāng)村房屋計劃”保護了大約150座古宅，并向公眾開放，收取少量的參觀費。因此我們可以說該計劃使公眾可以較為容易地進人大約150座古宅參觀。
5.B第三段說在托管委員會所管理的自然保護區(qū)以及磨坊、農(nóng)場、村舍、村莊等人文景觀中任何人都不允許以任何方式建造、擴建房屋，破壞原有的環(huán)境。所有的房子都保持著原有的16世紀(jì)的風(fēng)貌。因此一個加固一所老房子但仍保持其16世紀(jì)風(fēng)格的計劃是不違背這一精神的，不會被托管委員會否決。
6.C第三段說托管委員會管理著大面積的海岸線、林地和山丘起伏的鄉(xiāng)村，公眾可以免費進入這些地區(qū)，但是不允許破壞寧靜、美麗的環(huán)境，不允許獵殺野生動物。但是并沒有提到不允許帶罐裝食品和飲料入內(nèi)。
7.A文章最后一段說托管委員會保護風(fēng)景名勝、歷史景觀不僅造福于英國人民的子孫后代，而且造福于每年到英國旅游的數(shù)百萬觀光客。由此我們可以推斷托管委員會的工作促進了英國旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。
譯文
第十四篇 國家托管委員會
英國的國家托管委員會在保持未被破壞的英國鄉(xiāng)村遺跡，使民眾得以最大限度地享用它們方面扮演著越來越重要的角色。盡管托管委員會得到政府實際上和道義上的支持，但它并不是一個富有的政府部門。它是由關(guān)心英國鄉(xiāng)村遺跡和古建筑物的人們自愿組成的一個團體。
它是個慈善機構(gòu)，靠公眾中的會員自愿支持它才得以生存。它最基本的任務(wù)是保護自然風(fēng)景區(qū)和具有歷史意義的名勝古跡。
最早引起公眾關(guān)注的是洛雨恩勛爵去世后留給托管委員會他的`一座17世紀(jì)時的房屋及其周圍4 500英畝的公園和地產(chǎn)。這些古老房子和城堡面臨著被破壞的威脅。這一遺產(chǎn)大大地吸引了公眾，同時使托管委員會開始實行“鄉(xiāng)村房屋計劃”。在政府和廣大公眾的幫助下，托管委員會根據(jù)計劃已經(jīng)拯救了大約150座這樣的老房子，并使大眾能參觀這些老房子。去年大約有175萬人花很少的費用參觀了這些古老房屋。
除了這些鄉(xiāng)村房屋和空地之外，托管委員會還擁有一些靠風(fēng)力和水流驅(qū)動的磨坊、自然保護區(qū)、540個農(nóng)場以及大約2500座村舍，以及一些獨立完整的小村莊。在這些小村莊里所有的房子大都保持著它們16世紀(jì)時的原樣，不允許任何人以任何方式建造、開發(fā)或破壞它的環(huán)境。40多萬英畝的海岸線、森地和山丘起伏的鄉(xiāng)村也交由托管委員會保護，不允許任何方式的開發(fā)或破壞。公眾僅可以自由進入這些地方，但要求不破壞那里的寧靜、美麗的環(huán)境，不允許獵殺野生動物。
這樣經(jīng)過80多年的時間，托管委員會逐漸成為一個龐大的重要組織，成為國民生活必不可少的受人尊敬的組成部分。它保護所有的風(fēng)景名勝和歷史景觀，不僅造福于英國人民的子孫后代，而且也使每年涌人英國的數(shù)百萬旅游者能領(lǐng)略到英國的歷史和文化傳統(tǒng)。
第十二篇：Obesity Causes Global Warming
The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.
This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. ____1____
There has been calls for taxes on junk food2 in recent years. ____2____"We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end up costing taxpayers more."
US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.
At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. ____3____"The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously." Oliver said.
In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? ____4____
Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.
But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. ____5____Genes also play a part.
詞匯：
obese /əu'bi: s/ adj.肥胖的
correlate /'kɔrəleit/v.與……相聯(lián)系
stigmatize /'stigmətaiz/ v.侮辱
haul /haul/v.運輸
stigma /'stigmə/ n.壞名聲
注釋：
1.carbon dioxide：二氧化碳
2.junk food：垃圾食品
3.cause-and-effect relationship：因果關(guān)系
練習(xí)：
A A meager diet may keep you thin.
B It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.
C The obese child was picked last.
D US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.
E Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.
F No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.
2014年綜合類職稱英語教材補全短文
第十二篇：Obesity Causes Global Warming
答案與題解：
1.B 第二段講到Sheldon Jacobson和Laura McLay在一項研究中計算了運送美國胖子一年需要多消耗10億加侖的汽油。從所給的這些句子來看，只有B是連貫的。B句為：It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.這意味著多放出1100萬噸二氧化碳。
2.D 第三段的第一個句子，即空格前的句子，講的是：近些年，不斷有人提出要給垃圾食品征稅。這是個主題句，那么后面的句子講得應(yīng)該更具體一點。 D說得更具體，是這么說的：US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.美國經(jīng)濟學(xué)家Martin Schmidt建議對送到車上的快餐要征稅。另外，從主題的發(fā)展來看，也只有這個句子最合適。
3.F 第五段開始時說到，在美國肥胖協(xié)會的年會上，有人把車禍造成的死亡跟肥胖聯(lián)系了起來，也有人把自殺跟肥胖聯(lián)系了起來。從剩下的句子來看，只有填入F是連貫的。F說的是：No one asked, whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.沒有人問一問它們之間是否真正存在因果關(guān)系。
4.C 第六段主要是講一個試驗，先讓兒童看一組畫，畫里有正常的兒童和殘疾的兒童，還有一個小胖子，而后問他們愿意和哪個小孩做朋友。C是對這個問題合適的回答。C句為：The obese child was picked last.最后挑的是小胖子。
5.E 最后一段講的是減肥跟戒煙不一樣，在一定程度上受到基因的控制(最后一個句子)，因此很難。所以只有E是合適的。E是這么說的：Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.科學(xué)已經(jīng)表明，胖子自己幾乎是無法控制體重的。
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