商務(wù)英語(yǔ)活學(xué)活用:做個(gè)好經(jīng)理
、.核心學(xué)習(xí):Being a Good Manager 做個(gè)好經(jīng)理
Michael: Hey Billy - who is the new guy going into the CFO’s office?
邁克爾:嘿,比利-走進(jìn)首席財(cái)務(wù)官辦公室那個(gè)新來(lái)的家伙是誰(shuí)?
Billy: Why are you whispering, Michael?
比利:你為什么小聲說(shuō)話,邁克爾?
Michael: I don’t want anyone to hear me. Do you know who the suit is?
邁克爾:我不想讓別人聽(tīng)到。你知道那個(gè)經(jīng)理是誰(shuí)嗎?
Billy: I think he might be our new manager!
比利:我覺(jué)得他可能是我們的新經(jīng)理!
Michael: You mean we are getting a new head-honcho?
邁克爾:你是說(shuō)我們要有一個(gè)新工頭?
Billy: Maybe. He looks like the management type.
比利:可能。他看起來(lái)像那種管理類(lèi)型的。
Michael: Do you think I look like potential management?
邁克爾:你覺(jué)得我看起來(lái)像是潛在的管理人員嗎?
Billy: I think you look OK, but do you know what it takes to be a good manager?
比利:我覺(jué)得你看起來(lái)還行,不過(guò)你知道要做一個(gè)好的經(jīng)理人需要什么嗎?
Michael: Not really, but I get the feeling that you are about to tell me.
邁克爾:不太清楚,不過(guò)我覺(jué)得你就要告訴我了。
Ⅱ.單詞簡(jiǎn)析
1) CFO: Chief Financial Officer
CFO:首席財(cái)務(wù)官
ex:A company’s CFO is usually responsible for all of the financial aspects of running the organization.
公司的首席財(cái)務(wù)官通常負(fù)責(zé)公司運(yùn)作財(cái)務(wù)方面的所有事情。
2) Suit: sometimes used to mean a manager as opposed to technical or professional staff
經(jīng)理:有時(shí)候用來(lái)指經(jīng)理,而不是技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)人員
ex:When I worked in an advertising agency, the suits always looked down on the creative staff.
當(dāng)我在一家廣告公司工作的時(shí)候,經(jīng)理老是瞧不起有創(chuàng)意的員工。
3) Head-honcho: the boss, your manager
工頭:老板,你的經(jīng)理
ex:It’s probably not a good idea to let your manager hear you calling them the head-honcho!
讓你的經(jīng)理聽(tīng)見(jiàn)你叫他們工頭大概不是什么好主意!
4) Potential: something that might happen
潛在的:可能發(fā)生的事情
ex:I have the potential to be an Olympic athlete, but I am just too lazy to do any training.
我有成為奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)員的潛能,不過(guò)我就是太懶了,什么訓(xùn)練也沒(méi)參加。
Ⅲ.課文篇
The first step to being a successful manager by admitting you don’t have all the answers. Your co-workers know that you can’t solve all the problems by yourself, so they will be watching to see what you do.
要做一個(gè)成功的經(jīng)理人第一步就要承認(rèn)你不是全能。你的同事知道你自己不能解決所有的問(wèn)題,因此他們會(huì)留意你做的事情。
Top management at your company also knows you won’t have the answers and are looking to see how you find them. Be yourself and remember that your failures will be forgiven if you are honest and tried to do the right thing.
公司的高層管理人也知道你不是知道所有問(wèn)題的答案,他們看你如何發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。做你自己,記住你的失誤會(huì)得到諒解的,只要你是誠(chéng)實(shí)的,而且你本想做正確的事情。
- Stay focused. Your job is to manage the department, not become friends with your employees or do their jobs if they can’t. Make sure you have a clear job description and then sit down with your supervisor and find out exactly what expectations he or she has for you.
。ぷ鲗W。你的工作是管理某個(gè)部門(mén),而不是去成為雇員的朋友或者如果他們不行的話就去做他們的工作。確保你有一份明確的工作描述,然后和你的上司坐下來(lái),弄清楚他/她對(duì)你有什么期望。
- Go through the job description line by line. Prioritize the tasks and find out what any vague wording exactly means. Then it is the time to ask questions and to point out any tasks that you feel aren’t under your control.
逐字仔細(xì)閱讀工作描述。把各項(xiàng)工作的優(yōu)先次序區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái),然后弄懂那些模糊的措辭確切指的是什么。接下來(lái)的時(shí)間是提問(wèn)題,并把你認(rèn)為不是你的管轄范圍內(nèi)的工作指出來(lái)。
- Involve your staff. Chances are your older employees have seen it all. They will be able to tell you what’s a potential problem and what isn’t. If you’re asked to solve a problem, go to them for advice before you try to come up with anything on your own.
請(qǐng)教你的員工。老員工經(jīng)歷過(guò)所有的事情。他們能告訴你什么是潛在的問(wèn)題,什么不是。如果有人要你去解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題,在自己設(shè)法想出任何法子之前先去聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他們的高見(jiàn)。
- Don’t make massive changes all at once. New managers frequently want to come in and totally redesign processes and systems to show how smart they are. There may be some necessary but for the first few months, keep things the way they are. Chances are the systems and processes have a history and have good reasons for being in place. If there are major areas you could change right away, you’ll still look like a more thoughtful manager if you ask for advice and get input from others, then propose a change in a reasonable timeframe.
不要一下子做出大幅度的改動(dòng)。新上任的經(jīng)理通常想一步到位,并重新制定所有的方法和制度,以炫耀他們有多聰明。改動(dòng)也許有必要,不過(guò)不是在最初的幾個(gè)月里,剛開(kāi)始時(shí)要保留原來(lái)的東西。那些制度和方法有一段歷史了,它們有它們存在的好理由。若是你可以馬上進(jìn)行大幅度改動(dòng),那么先征詢建議并聽(tīng)取別人的意見(jiàn),然后在一個(gè)合適的時(shí)間提出改動(dòng),這樣你更像個(gè)考慮周到的經(jīng)理。
- Be a good communicator. Employees respect a manager who tells them what they did wrong without laying blame - you’ll go far with your employees if you admit a mistake you made before you talk to them about mistakes they’ve made. Employees also look for a leader who knows when to pass on important company information, when to go to the next level with a concern, and when to crack down on the rumor mill.
進(jìn)行良好的溝通。雇員敬重那些告訴他們做錯(cuò)了什么,而沒(méi)有去指責(zé)他們的經(jīng)理-如果你在對(duì)雇員說(shuō)他們犯了什么錯(cuò)誤之前先承認(rèn)你犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,雇員會(huì)更加敬重你。雇員還希望領(lǐng)導(dǎo)知道什么時(shí)候傳達(dá)公司的重要信息,惦記什么時(shí)候去找上一級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo),以及什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行辟謠。
Remember, your job is to facilitate the work of your employees,but not to do it for them!
記。耗愕墓ぷ魇鞘构蛦T的工作更容易,而不是為他們做事!
、.對(duì)話篇
Jeff: Did you meet the new manager yesterday?
杰夫:昨天你看到新經(jīng)理了嗎?
Joan: I did. She seems very nice.
瓊:看到了。她看起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。
Jeff: I hope that she won’t make too many changes around here though.
杰夫:不過(guò)我希望她不要把這里的東西改動(dòng)得太多。
Joan: Don’t you like change?
瓊:你不喜歡改變嗎?
Jeff: Change can be OK, but I am just getting used to the way that the current systems work.
杰夫:改變是可以的,不過(guò)我就是習(xí)慣了現(xiàn)在這個(gè)制度的運(yùn)作方式。
Joan: Most new managers like to make some changes when they start.
瓊:大多數(shù)經(jīng)理喜歡一上任就做一些改動(dòng)。
Jeff: I know. As long as I still have a job, I will be happy.
杰夫:我知道。只要我還有一份工作我就高興了。
Joan: Maybe the first change will be to show you to the door Jeff!
瓊:也許第一個(gè)改動(dòng)就是把你給開(kāi)了,杰夫!
學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)必背詞匯寶典(7)
121、自然壟斷(Natural monopoly)
自然壟斷是指這樣一種行業(yè),在此行業(yè)中,在產(chǎn)量大到足以滿足全部市場(chǎng)的情況下商品的平均成本達(dá)到最小,因此不可能存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng),僅有的一個(gè)廠商就成為壟斷者。
122、凈現(xiàn)值規(guī)則(Net-Present-Value Rule)
凈現(xiàn)值規(guī)則要求廠商應(yīng)該從事凈現(xiàn)值為正的投資項(xiàng)目。投資的凈現(xiàn)值是投資未來(lái)現(xiàn)金流的現(xiàn)值減去投資的成本。
123、不可分散的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(Nondiversifiable risk)
不可分散的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指不能通過(guò)多樣化來(lái)減小的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
124、非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(Nonprice competition)
由研究開(kāi)發(fā)和風(fēng)格的變化使商品特征的各種改變,以及廠商間的廣告與其他營(yíng)銷(xiāo)手段來(lái)進(jìn)行的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),都是非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
125、正常商品(Normal goods)
需求量隨消費(fèi)者的實(shí)際收入上升而增加的商品稱為正常商品。
126、寡頭壟斷(Oligopoly)
寡頭壟斷是指這樣一種市場(chǎng)形態(tài),在其中只有少數(shù)賣(mài)者,商品可以是同質(zhì)的也可以是有差別的。例如,計(jì)算機(jī)和石油市場(chǎng)就是這樣的。
127、買(mǎi)方寡頭壟斷(Oligopsony)
買(mǎi)方寡頭壟斷是指只有少數(shù)買(mǎi)者的市場(chǎng)形態(tài)。
128、機(jī)會(huì)成本(Opportunity cost)
如果以最好的另一種方式利用某種資源,它所能生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的價(jià)值為機(jī)會(huì)成本,也稱為選擇成本。
129、最優(yōu)投人品組合(Optimal input combination)
如果投入品組合是經(jīng)濟(jì)上有效率的或者使得利潤(rùn)最大化(也就是說(shuō),從利潤(rùn)最大化的廠商的角度出發(fā)是最優(yōu)的)或者兩者兼而有之,這一組合就是最優(yōu)投入品組合。
130、序數(shù)效用(Ordinal utility)
在序數(shù)的意義上可以度量的效用是序數(shù)效用,這表明一個(gè)消費(fèi)者只能根據(jù)各種市場(chǎng)籃子給他帶來(lái)的滿足來(lái)給這些市場(chǎng)籃子排序。
131、帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Pareto criterion)
帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是確定一種改變是否是一種改進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),根據(jù)這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不損害任何人而能使大多數(shù)人(在他們看來(lái))變得更好的改變才是一種改進(jìn)。
132、局部均衡分析(Partial equilibrium analysis)
局部均衡分析是指這樣一種分析,(與一般均衡分析相反)它假設(shè)一個(gè)市場(chǎng)上的價(jià)格改變時(shí)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格發(fā)生明顯的變化。
133、貨幣收益(Pecuniary benefits)
由于經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的調(diào)整引起的相對(duì)價(jià)格的變化帶來(lái)的收益(用以與增加社會(huì)福利的真實(shí)收益相區(qū)別)。
134、完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(Perfect Competition)
完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是這樣一種市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),在其中同質(zhì)的商品有很多賣(mài)者,沒(méi)有一個(gè)賣(mài)者或買(mǎi)者能控制價(jià)格,進(jìn)入很容易并且資源可以隨時(shí)從一個(gè)使用者轉(zhuǎn)向另一個(gè)使用者。例如,許多農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)就具有完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)這些特征。
135、不可兌換的公司債券(Perpetuity)
不可兌換的公司債券是指永遠(yuǎn)支付一個(gè)固定年息的債券。
136、掠奪性定價(jià)(Predatory pricing)
掠奪性定價(jià)是指為了把競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性廠商從行業(yè)中趕走從而制定一個(gè)低價(jià)的做法。
137、現(xiàn)值(Present value)
現(xiàn)值是現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)(或過(guò)去)的一筆支付或支付流在今天的價(jià)值。
138、最高限價(jià)(Price ceiling)
最高限價(jià)是指政府對(duì)某種商品所規(guī)定的最高價(jià)格。例如,紐約市的租金控制就規(guī)定了房租的上限。
139、價(jià)格--消費(fèi)曲線(Price-consumption curve)
價(jià)格--消費(fèi)線是把與在一種商品的各種價(jià)格下消費(fèi)者所選擇的市場(chǎng)籃子相對(duì)應(yīng)的各個(gè)均衡點(diǎn)連接而成的一條曲線。
140、價(jià)格歧視(Price discrimination)
價(jià)格歧視是指這樣一種做法,出售同一種商品,廠商向一個(gè)買(mǎi)者索取的價(jià)格高于其他的買(mǎi)者。
學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)必背詞匯寶典(6)
101、市場(chǎng)(Market)
市場(chǎng)是指為了買(mǎi)和賣(mài)某些商品而與其他廠商和個(gè)人相聯(lián)系的一群廠商和個(gè)人。
102、市場(chǎng)需求曲線(Market demand curve)
市場(chǎng)需求曲線表示在整個(gè)市場(chǎng)中產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格和它的需求量之間的關(guān)系。
103、市場(chǎng)周期(Market period)
市場(chǎng)周期是指一種商品的供給量保持不變的一段時(shí)期。
104、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)(Market structure)
四種一般的市場(chǎng)類(lèi)型是完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、壟斷、壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和寡頭壟斷。一個(gè)市場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)依賴于買(mǎi)者和賣(mài)者的數(shù)量以及產(chǎn)品差別的大小。
105、市場(chǎng)供給表(Market supply schedule)
市場(chǎng)供給表表示在各種價(jià)格下一種商品所能夠供給的數(shù)量。
106、加成定價(jià)(Markup pricing)
加成定價(jià)是指,為了確定一種產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格而把一個(gè)百分比(或絕對(duì)的.)數(shù)量加到所估計(jì)的產(chǎn)品平均(或邊際的)成本上,這就意味著該數(shù)量要計(jì)入某些無(wú)法化歸任何具體產(chǎn)品中去的成本,并且旨在維持廠商的某一投資回報(bào)率。
107、最大最小策略(Maximin strategy)
最大最小策略是指局中人使得能夠獲得的最小收益最大化的策略。
108、微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Microeconomics)
微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的一部分,它分析像消費(fèi)者、廠商和資源所有者這些個(gè)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為(宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與之相反,它分析像國(guó)內(nèi)總產(chǎn)品這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)總體行為)。
109、工廠的最小有效規(guī)模(Minimum efficient size of plant)
在長(zhǎng)期中平均成本處于或接近其最小值的最小的工廠規(guī)模。
110、模型(Model)
模型是指以對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化和抽象的假設(shè)為基礎(chǔ)的理論,根據(jù)它可以引申出對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的預(yù)測(cè)或結(jié)論。
111、貨幣收人(Money income)
貨幣收入是指用每個(gè)時(shí)期的實(shí)際美元數(shù)量度量的消費(fèi)者的收入。
112、壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(Monopolistic competition)
壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是指這樣一種市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),在該市場(chǎng)中有很多有差別產(chǎn)品的賣(mài)者,進(jìn)入很容易并且廠商之間沒(méi)有勾結(jié)行為。
113、壟斷(Monopoly)
壟斷是指一種產(chǎn)品只有一個(gè)賣(mài)者的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。公共事業(yè)通常就是這樣的情形。
114、買(mǎi)方壟斷(Monopsony)
買(mǎi)方壟斷是指一種產(chǎn)品只有一個(gè)買(mǎi)者的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。雇用一個(gè)工業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)的全部勞動(dòng)力的廠商就是一個(gè)例子。
115、道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(Moral hazard)
道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指,在購(gòu)買(mǎi)了保險(xiǎn)之后一個(gè)人或廠商的行為發(fā)生變化以致增加了保險(xiǎn)公司承擔(dān)的盜竊、火災(zāi)和其他損失發(fā)生的概率。
16、跨國(guó)公司(Multinational firm)
跨國(guó)公司是指在其他國(guó)家投資并且在國(guó)外生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品的廠商。
117、多廠壟斷(Multiplant monopoly)
多廠壟斷是指擁有和經(jīng)營(yíng)不止一個(gè)工廠并且要決定每個(gè)工廠產(chǎn)量的一個(gè)廠商。
118、多產(chǎn)品廠商(Multiproduct firm)
多產(chǎn)品廠商是指生產(chǎn)不止一種產(chǎn)品的廠商。例如,杜邦公司生產(chǎn)化工、石油等方面的種類(lèi)繁多的產(chǎn)品。
119、共同基金(Mutual fund)
共同基金是把大量投資者和雇員的錢(qián)集中在一起,從而購(gòu)買(mǎi)各個(gè)廠商的股票。
120、納什均衡(Nash equilibrium)
納什均衡是指博弈論中的一種均衡,如果給出每個(gè)其他局中人的策略,在此均衡下,所有局中人都沒(méi)有理由改變他自己的策略。
機(jī)械英漢雙語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí) 272
terms of exchange 換地條款
terms of reference 職權(quán)范圍
terms of tenancy 租賃條款;租約條款
terrace 平臺(tái);露臺(tái);臺(tái)階
terrace house 排列連接式屋宇
terrace wall 梯狀檔土墻
terraced platform 梯狀平臺(tái)
terraced seating 梯臺(tái)座位
terraced slope 梯狀斜坡
terrain 地形
terrain evaluation 地形評(píng)估
terrain evaluation mapping 地形評(píng)估勘測(cè)
terrazzo 水磨終飾;水磨批蕩;意大利批蕩
terrazzo tile 水磨石磚
terrestrial 陸相的;地球的
terrestrial photogrammetry 地面攝影測(cè)量
Territorial Development Strategy [TDS] 全港發(fā)展策略
Territory Development Department 拓展署
Territory-wide Joint Committee to Fight for Abolition of Housing Subsidy Policy 全港爭(zhēng)取撤銷(xiāo)富戶政策聯(lián)席
Territory-wide Joint Committee to Request for Abolition of Housing Subsidy Policy 全港要求撤銷(xiāo)富戶政策聯(lián)委會(huì)
tertiary stratum 第三系地層
tertiary treatment [sewage] 三級(jí)處理〔污水〕
test cube 立方體試塊;混凝土試力磚
商務(wù)英語(yǔ)活學(xué)活用 盜版軟件(1)
、.核心學(xué)習(xí):Pirate Software 盜版軟件
Michael: Hey Billy. You look really frustrated this morning.
邁克爾:嘿,比利,今天上午你看起來(lái)很沮喪。
Billy: I think my computer must have a virus.
比利:我覺(jué)得我的電腦肯定有病毒。
Michael: Why do you say that?
邁克爾:你為什么這么說(shuō)?
Billy: Well, I have just tried to install some new software, but now my computer won’t work properly.
比利:唔,我剛才想裝一些新軟件,但是現(xiàn)在我的電腦不能正常工作了。
Michael: Why didn’t you ask the propeller-heads to put the new program on the PC for you?
邁克爾:你為什么不讓技術(shù)人員幫你往電腦里裝新程序?
Billy: Because it’s not really related to work. They will get mad at me.
比利:因?yàn)樗c工作沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系。他們會(huì)對(duì)我發(fā)脾氣的。
Michael: So where did you get the software?
邁克爾:那你從哪兒得到這些軟件?
Billy: It was really cheap. I bought it from some guy on the street.
比利:它很便宜。我從街上的一些人那里買(mǎi)的。
Michael: It is probably pirated software.
邁克爾:它可能是盜版軟件。
Billy: Can you teach me all about pirated software so that my computer will work correctly again?
比利:你能教我所有有關(guān)盜版軟件的知識(shí)嗎,好讓我的電腦再次正常工作。
Michael: Listen carefully.
邁克爾:仔細(xì)聽(tīng)好了。
、.單詞簡(jiǎn)析
1) Frustrated: discouraged, angry because you can’t do something
使人沮喪的,灰心的:因?yàn)槟悴荒茏瞿呈露鴼怵H、生氣
ex:I always wanted to be like Michael Jordan, but I am very short so I was frustrated.
我老想像邁克爾·喬丹那樣,不過(guò)我很矮,因此我很沮喪。
2) Virus: software designed to cause a problem with your computer
病毒:為了使電腦出毛病而設(shè)計(jì)的軟件
ex:Although there are many types of computer virus these days, if you use good anti-virus software, you will be well protected.
盡管目前計(jì)算機(jī)病毒多種多樣,不過(guò)如果你使用好的防毒軟件,你就會(huì)得到很好的保護(hù)。
3) Propeller-heads: technical staff who usually work in Information Technology
技術(shù)人員:通常在IT部門(mén)工作的技術(shù)人員
ex:Propeller-heads used to be dorks and nerds, but today they are seen as being really cool (by some people!).
以前技術(shù)人員是書(shū)呆子,不過(guò)現(xiàn)在他們看起來(lái)很酷(在某些人看來(lái)。
4) Pirated software: software that has been copied from the original
盜版軟件:從原版拷貝來(lái)的軟件
ex:If you use or buy pirated software, you are breaking the law - there is no good excuse for using pirated software.
如果你使用或購(gòu)買(mǎi)盜版軟件,你就違反了法律-沒(méi)有好理由去使用盜版軟件。
、.課文篇
Forty years ago, no one could have imagined the impact that computers would have on the world. Indeed Thomas J Watson, Chairman of the Board of IBM said in the 1950s that he thought "there was a world market for about only five computers." With more than 700 million computers on earth today, Mr Watson was clearly wrong.
四十年前,沒(méi)有人能想象計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)(如此大)的沖擊。確實(shí)是這樣,IBM (美國(guó)國(guó)際商用機(jī)器公司)的總裁,托馬斯·J·華特森在五十年代說(shuō)過(guò)他認(rèn)為“計(jì)算機(jī)的世界市場(chǎng)大約只有五臺(tái)”。今天地球上擁有7億臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī),很顯然,華特森先生錯(cuò)了。
As most people know, you need hardware and software to make a computer work. Hardware includes the computer screen, the mouse, keyboard and of course the central processing unit that does all of the hard work for you.
正如大多數(shù)人所了解的,要想讓一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)工作,你需要有硬件和軟件。硬件包括計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕、鼠標(biāo)、鍵盤(pán),當(dāng)然還有為你做所有艱苦工作的CUP(中央處理器)。
Software includes the computer’s operating system, games and office productivity software (like PowerPoint or Word). Software is a form of intellectual property and is entitled to just as much protection as real property like your car or your home.
軟件包括計(jì)算機(jī)的操作系統(tǒng)、游戲以及辦公軟件(如PowerPoint 或者 Word )。軟件是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的一種形式,而且應(yīng)該受到和你的不動(dòng)產(chǎn),如汽車(chē)或者房子等一樣的保護(hù)。
Nobody would say that to steal hardware was OK, but millions of people around the world think that it is perfectly acceptable to steal software by copying it. Copying software and giving it away or selling it is stealing and therefore wrong.
沒(méi)有人會(huì)說(shuō)偷硬件是可行的,不過(guò)世界上數(shù)百萬(wàn)人認(rèn)為以拷貝的方式來(lái)偷軟件是完全可以接受的。拷貝軟件送給別人或者銷(xiāo)售出去都是偷竊行為,因此這是錯(cuò)誤的。
Software can be expensive - often more than you can afford - but that is no reason to think it is OK to steal it or buy a pirated copy. Mercedes Benz cars are also expensive, but I cannot just go out and help myself to one just because I want one.
軟件可能很昂貴-通常超出你的支付能力-但是沒(méi)有理由認(rèn)為偷竊或購(gòu)買(mǎi)盜版是可行的。奔馳車(chē)也很貴,可是不能僅僅因?yàn)橄胍惠v就可以出去自己解決。
Software is expensive to develop. If developers cannot make money by selling their software, how will they fund the development of new software to make our lives even easier?
開(kāi)發(fā)軟件很貴。如果開(kāi)發(fā)商不能通過(guò)銷(xiāo)售他們的軟件來(lái)掙錢(qián),他們又怎么能投資開(kāi)發(fā)新軟件,以使我們的生活變得更輕松?
、.對(duì)話篇
Jeff: What are you doing after work today, Joan?
杰夫:今天下班之后你要做什么,瓊?
Joan: I’m going shopping for 20 blank CDs.
瓊:我要去買(mǎi)20張空白CD。
Jeff: Why do you need so many blank CDs Joan?
杰夫:你為什么需要那么多空白CD,瓊?
Joan: My friend has some cool software that he will copy onto the blanks CDs for me.
瓊:我的朋友有一些很酷的軟件,他要拷貝到空白CD送給我。
Jeff: But that’s stealing!
杰夫:可那是偷竊!
Joan: I don’t think so. My friend already paid for the software. What’s the harm in making a few copies?
瓊:我不這么認(rèn)為。我的朋友已經(jīng)掏錢(qián)買(mǎi)那些軟件了?截愐恍┬碌挠惺裁创蟮K?
Jeff: Well, you already paid for your car, so I think I might steal it this afternoon. Is that OK with you?
杰夫:唔,你已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了你的車(chē),因此我想今天下午我可能要去偷它。這么做你同意嗎?
Joan: No way! That’s my car!
瓊:沒(méi)門(mén)!那可是我的車(chē)!
Jeff: So don’t steal software, Joan!
杰夫:那就別偷軟件,瓊!
商務(wù)英語(yǔ)活學(xué)活用 公司圖書(shū)館(1)
、.核心學(xué)習(xí):Company Library 公司圖書(shū)館
Michael: Billy! Wait for me! I need your guidance about something.
麥克爾:比利!等等我!我有件事需要你的指導(dǎo)。
Billy: No problem, Michael. How can I help you?
比利:沒(méi)問(wèn)題麥克爾。需要我?guī)褪裁疵Γ?/p>
Michael: I need to do some research and was wondering where I should begin.
麥克爾:我需要做一些調(diào)查,可不知道從哪里開(kāi)始。
Billy: The first place you should try is the company library.
麥克爾:我們有圖書(shū)館?喔,我怎么會(huì)不知道?
Michael: We have a library? Wow - how did I miss that?
麥克爾:我們有圖書(shū)館?喔,我怎么會(huì)不知道?
Billy: Maybe it’s because you never do any research for your projects.
比利:也許是因?yàn)槟銖膩?lái)沒(méi)為你的項(xiàng)目做過(guò)任何調(diào)查。
Michael: I usually use the Internet, but this time all of my searching comes up blank.
麥克爾:我一般上網(wǎng)查資料,可這次我什么也沒(méi)查到。
Billy: Try the library - they have heaps of great materials that might help.
比利:試試圖書(shū)館,他們有很多好資料,也許會(huì)有幫助。
Michael: And maybe I can get the librarian to do my research for me!
麥克爾:也許我可以讓圖書(shū)管理員替我做調(diào)查!
Billy: You really are the laziest person I know, Michael.
比利:你真是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最懶的人,麥克爾。
Ⅱ.單詞簡(jiǎn)析
1) Guidance: advice, direction got from someone
指導(dǎo):建議;從某人那獲得的指導(dǎo)
ex:My parents gave me good guidance when I was younger, and now I have a successful career.
年輕的時(shí)候父母給了我很好的建議,現(xiàn)在我的事業(yè)很成功。
2) Library: collection of written, audio and visual materials
圖書(shū)館:收藏書(shū)面和錄音錄像資料的地方
ex:Computers and the Internet have meant huge changes to the way that libraries look and function.
電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)意味著圖書(shū)館的形式和功能發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變。
3) Periodical: publication that comes out two or four times per year
期刊:每年發(fā)行兩到四次的出版物
ex:You can often get detailed corporate information from business periodicals.
你經(jīng)常能從商業(yè)期刊里獲得詳細(xì)的公司信息。
4) Multinationals: a large company that operates in more than one country
跨國(guó)公司:在多個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)設(shè)業(yè)務(wù)的大公司。
ex:The world’s best-known multinationals include McDonalds, Ford, Coke, IBM and Microsoft.
世界上最有名的跨國(guó)公司有麥當(dāng)勞、福特、可口可樂(lè)、IBM和微軟。
Ⅲ.課文篇
A well-organized company knows the power and value of information. One of the main problems with information though, is how to collect, store and manage all of the information so that anyone needing it can access it easily.
管理有序的公司知道信息的力量和價(jià)值。但與之相關(guān)的的主要問(wèn)題之一是怎樣收集、保存和管理所有的信息,以便任何有需要的人能夠方便地查閱。
Multinationals have understood this issue for many years and have well developed company libraries. Just like your university, school or city, a company library contains books, magazines, journals and periodicals as well as electronic documents, films, videos and audio materials.
跨國(guó)公司意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)很多年了,已建立了完善的公司圖書(shū)館。正像你的大學(xué)、學(xué);虺鞘欣锏膱D書(shū)館一樣,公司圖書(shū)館里存有圖書(shū)、雜志、報(bào)紙和期刊,以及電子文件,電影、錄像和錄音資料。
A company library does not have to be the same as a city or university library. You don’t need a special quiet room or even a full-time librarian. What is needed is someone responsible for gathering and storing interesting publications and a central place to store them.
公司的圖書(shū)館沒(méi)有必要跟城市或大學(xué)里的圖書(shū)館一樣。你不需要有一間特別安靜的房間,甚至不需要一個(gè)全職的圖書(shū)管理員,只要有一個(gè)人專門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)收集和保存有趣的刊物,有一個(gè)集中的地方來(lái)收藏這些刊物就可以了。
If you work in a large company, appointing a full-time librarian might be a good idea. A librarian’s job is to keep a current knowledge of all of the relevant and necessary publications that the company might need, manage the purchasing of materials and then oversee the storage of the publications. A good librarian will also be able to offer assistance to staff who need to use the company library to find research materials and information.
如果你在一家大公司工作,做一個(gè)全職的圖書(shū)管理員可能是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。圖書(shū)管理員的工作是要隨時(shí)了解到公司可能需要的所有相關(guān)和必要刊物的最新消息,負(fù)責(zé)購(gòu)買(mǎi)資料以及監(jiān)督刊物的收藏情況。好的圖書(shū)管理員還應(yīng)該能夠?yàn)樾枰緢D書(shū)館查找研究資料和信息的員工提供幫助。
Maintaining a company library is not cheap, but it does not have to be expensive, either. But consider the risk of not having a central well managed place where important publications can be stored - your competitors could well get the jump on you by having more up-to-date information that is accessible to staff.
維持一個(gè)公司圖書(shū)館花費(fèi)不少但也沒(méi)必要投資太多。試想如果沒(méi)有一個(gè)管理有序的集中收藏重要刊物的地方會(huì)帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)-你的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟芙o員工提供更多的最新資訊而遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過(guò)你。
Can you afford not to have a library?
你能承擔(dān)得起沒(méi)有圖書(shū)館(的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))嗎?
Ⅳ.對(duì)話篇
Jeff: That’s an armful of books you have there, Joan.
杰夫:瓊,你那兒的書(shū)可真多。
Joan: I got these from our company library.
瓊:我從我們公司圖書(shū)館借來(lái)的。
Jeff: Do you have a research project to do for the boss?
杰夫:你要給老板做項(xiàng)目調(diào)查嗎?
Joan: No - I just want to keep up-to-date with the latest information.
瓊:不,我只想了解最新的信息。
Jeff: Wow - you really are a dedicated employee.
杰夫:喔,你真是一個(gè)盡職的員工。
Joan: Our company library is so easy to use, so it’s not hard to stay informed.
瓊:我們公司的圖書(shū)館使用起來(lái)很方便,所以想了解信息并不難。
Jeff: Next time you are going to the library, maybe you could take me there with you?
杰夫:下次你去圖書(shū)館的時(shí)候也許能帶我一起去。
Joan: Sure. I’d love to help you live and learn a little better.
瓊:沒(méi)問(wèn)題。我很愿意幫助你生活得更好一點(diǎn)兒,多學(xué)一點(diǎn)兒知識(shí)。
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