Two Ways of Thinking of History晨讀英語(yǔ)美

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Two Ways of Thinking of History晨讀英語(yǔ)美文

　　隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化的發(fā)展，美文的概念已經(jīng)不限定于某種文體，或某類內(nèi)容。網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化是一種開放、自由的文化，給美文的概念也賦予了更多的開放自由的元素，以下是小編幫大家整理的Two Ways of Thinking of History晨讀英語(yǔ)美文，歡迎大家分享。

Two Ways of Thinking of History晨讀英語(yǔ)美文

　　There are two ways of thinking of history. There is, first, history regarded as a way of looking at other things, really the temporal aspect of anything, from the universe to this nib with which I am writing. Everything has its history. There is the history of the universe, if only we knew it-and we know something of it, if we do not know much. Nor is the contrast so great, when you come to think of it, between the universe and this pen-nib. A mere pen-nib has quite a considerable history. There is, to begin with, what has been written with it, and that might be something quite important. After all it was probably only one quill-pen or a couple that wrote Hamlet. Whatever has been written with the pen-nib is part of its history. In addition to that there is the history of its manufacture: this particular nib is a Relief nib, No. 314, made by R. Esterbrook and Co. in England, who supply the Midland Bank with pen-nibs, from whom I got it—a gift, I may say, but behind this nib there is the whole process of manufacture. In fact a pen nib implies of universe, and the history of it implies its history. We may regard this way of looking at it—history as the time-aspect of all things: a pen-nib, the universe, the fiddled before me as I write, as a relative conception of history. There is, secondly, what we mat call a substantive conception of history, what we usually mean by it, history proper as a subject of study in itself.

　　參考翻譯：

　　歷史的思考方式有兩種。其一，歷史作為審視其它事物是一種，其實(shí)僅為所有事物暫時(shí)的面貌，從整個(gè)宇宙到有正在書寫的筆端。每一樣事物都有它的歷史。宇宙也有它的歷史，要是我們知道的話──雖然我們所知有限，總算知道一些;仔細(xì)想一下，宇宙和這筆端，其間的差異也不是那么大。但即使僅是這筆端也有一段歷史。首先，透過它便有寫出來(lái)的東西，而這些可能相當(dāng)重要。畢竟莎劇(哈姆萊特)也只靠一支鵝毛筆或二支便完成了。通過筆端所寫出來(lái)的變成了它自身的歷史。此外，還有制造過程的歷史：我這支筆尖其實(shí)是英國(guó)艾斯塔布禒克(Esterbrook)廠牌314號(hào)凸版型產(chǎn)品，專門供應(yīng)米特蘭銀行用品，我是從那兒取得的───或許應(yīng)該說(shuō)是銀行的贈(zèng)品。在這筆尖的`北后有一連串的制造過程……。故此，這筆尖蘊(yùn)含了一個(gè)宇宙，而它的歷史也蘊(yùn)含了它自身的歷史。

　　我們可以把這種審視的方式看作──歷史就是所有事務(wù)的時(shí)間之面貌：一支筆尖、宇宙、眼前我寫作的領(lǐng)域……作為歷史的相對(duì)觀念。

　　其二，則為我們稱作實(shí)質(zhì)觀念的歷史，就是我們通常所說(shuō)的，歷史本身作為一個(gè)研究的科目。

　　重點(diǎn)詞匯講解：

　　temporal：當(dāng)時(shí)的, 暫時(shí)的, 現(xiàn)世的

　　Although spiritual leader of millions of people, the Pope has no temporal power.

　　教宗雖然是億萬(wàn)人的精神領(lǐng)袖，但沒有絲毫的世俗權(quán)力。

　　nib：鵝管筆的尖端, 鋼筆尖

　　considerable：worthy of consideration; significant 重要的值得考慮的;有重大意義的

　　The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.

　　那項(xiàng)工程耗費(fèi)了相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間和資金。

　　Damage to the building was considerable.

　　對(duì)這棟建筑物的損壞相當(dāng)?shù)膰?yán)重。