英語論文的開題報(bào)告
英語(English)屬于印歐語系中日耳曼語族下的西日耳曼語支，由古代從歐洲大陸移民大不列顛島的盎格魯、撒克遜和朱特部落的日耳曼人所說的語言演變而來，并通過英國的殖民活動(dòng)傳播到世界各地。
英語論文的開題報(bào)告范文一：
一、論文題目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching
二、研究現(xiàn)狀：
對于課堂互動(dòng)與英語口語教學(xué)之間的關(guān)系，國內(nèi)的研究主要集中在：(1)構(gòu)建主義模式 它是以構(gòu)建主義理論為基礎(chǔ)的互動(dòng)模式，司洪海在《構(gòu)建主義理論與英語口語教學(xué)》中從對現(xiàn)有教學(xué)模式的“反思”入手，探討將構(gòu)建主義引入英語課堂教學(xué)的必要性、可行性及其意義和作用。盧艷春和路雅琴在《構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語口語課堂教學(xué)》中則分別“從構(gòu)建知識(shí)觀”“構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)觀”“構(gòu)建教學(xué)觀”入手，強(qiáng)調(diào)以學(xué)生為中心的主動(dòng)性、構(gòu)建性。(2)角色扮演模式 徐志敏、王瑛在《大學(xué)英語課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究》中著重探討了在角色扮演的互動(dòng)教學(xué)中教師的作用，對指導(dǎo)教學(xué)實(shí)踐具有重要的意義。而黃玉蘭在《角色扮演引入英語專業(yè)口語教學(xué)中》從角色扮演是“多為互動(dòng)英語口語教學(xué)模式的應(yīng)用”探討了角色扮演這一教學(xué)方法的目的、步驟和利弊等方面。(3)以學(xué)生為中心模式 這一模式被單獨(dú)研究的較少，黃影秋在《以學(xué)生為中心提高英語口語課堂教學(xué)效果的探索中》通過對學(xué)生口語課堂學(xué)習(xí)存在的問題的分析，提倡“以學(xué)生為中心”，實(shí)現(xiàn)教與學(xué)的“雙邊互動(dòng)”。并提出闡述如何運(yùn)用其他“教學(xué)策略提高口語的教學(xué)效果”，促進(jìn)學(xué)生交際能力的提高。而劉蓉在《談?dòng)⒄Z口語課堂互動(dòng)》中則提出了互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造“以學(xué)生為中心的`口語課堂和整體小組作業(yè)模式”，提高口語交際能力。(4)合作性學(xué)習(xí)模式 這種模式的研究較為普遍和盛行，它興起于美國，在后來取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展的一種教學(xué)理論與策略。黃艷在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)在大學(xué)英語課堂的應(yīng)用》中提出了以下幾種合作模式，從而的出該模式的優(yōu)勢所在。顧曉樂在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演》中從情劇表演的角度來證明合作性學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。肖巧玲在《大學(xué)英語口語教學(xué)中的合作學(xué)習(xí)》中則通過合作學(xué)習(xí)在口語教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐探究合作學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的原則。而慕東文在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和實(shí)踐策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原則，對待新的理念，指導(dǎo)英語口語教學(xué)。(5)情景設(shè)置模式 它主要是根據(jù)gillian brown & george yuled的語言情景對第二語言習(xí)得者的交際緊張、焦慮的研究表明口語情景設(shè)置不適當(dāng)，會(huì)影響學(xué)生用目標(biāo)語進(jìn)行交流，進(jìn)而強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行口語教學(xué)情景設(shè)置的重要性。張舍茹、孫邊旗在《英語口語教學(xué)的情景設(shè)置>>中就論述我們應(yīng)注意“情景互動(dòng)教學(xué)中應(yīng)遵循的原則”，及如何設(shè)置“英語口語教學(xué)中情景設(shè)置的形式”兩個(gè)小方面局部性的探討了情景設(shè)置這種互動(dòng)模式。孫久榮在《論英語口語課的情景教學(xué)》中對情景設(shè)置這個(gè)模式從宏觀上進(jìn)行了分類，進(jìn)而得出“開放式情景”和“封閉式情景”，為情景設(shè)置互動(dòng)模式研究開辟了一個(gè)小領(lǐng)域。
三、研究的目的及意義：
通過對目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來并比較成熟的幾種互動(dòng)模式的歸納來看：關(guān)于人際互動(dòng)這種互動(dòng)模式在目前的互動(dòng)性研究中被單獨(dú)研究還比較少，沒有被當(dāng)作一種獨(dú)立的模式應(yīng)用到英語口語課堂教學(xué)中，它更多的是被貫穿到其他幾種互動(dòng)模式當(dāng)中。因此，本論題認(rèn)為它還有進(jìn)一步研究的空間。
四、研究的理論依據(jù)和研究方法：
本論題將以教育心理學(xué)的理論為基礎(chǔ)，以互動(dòng)理論和構(gòu)建主義理論為依據(jù)，運(yùn)用歸納總結(jié)的方法對已有的研究進(jìn)行宏觀上的概述，從而引出本文論題，通過例證分析、驗(yàn)證人際互動(dòng)模式對課堂英語口語教學(xué)效果的提高所具有的重要意義。
五、提綱：
introduction
chapter one definition and theoretical basis of interaction
1.1 definition of interaction
1.2 theoretical basis of interaction
1.3 some main interactive modes in the present classroom
chapter two the necessity and the principles of following interaction-teaching mode
2.1 the disadvantage of traditional oral english teaching mode
2.2 the necessity and merit of taking interaction-teaching mode
2.3 oral english interaction-teaching mode should follow the principles
chapter three personal interaction in the oral english teaching
3.1 the relationship between the teacher and students
3.2 two types of personal interaction
3.3 classroom climate
3.4 classroom size
chapter four the evaluation of the interactive oral english teaching mode
4.1 some principles should follow when evaluating
4.2 the concept of evaluating
4.3 the technology of evaluating
conclusion
六、參考文獻(xiàn)
jonssen, dh..thinking technology: toward a constructivist design model [j].educational technolgy. 3 (1994): 34-35.
littlewood, william. communicative language teaching [m].cambridge: cambridge university press .1981.
盧艷春, 路雅琴.“構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語口語教學(xué).” 前沿雜志. 11 (XX):98-100.
司洪海.“構(gòu)建主義理論與英語口語教學(xué).” 基礎(chǔ)英語教育. 4 (XX):8-9.
吳蕾.“構(gòu)建主義在英語口語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用.” 東華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社科版).7 (XX年):23-24.
范雄飛, 黃玉蘭.“把角色扮演引入英語專業(yè)口語教學(xué)之中.”讀與寫雜志. 9 (XX):35-37.
徐志敏, 王瑛.“大學(xué)英語課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究.” 外語研究. 8 (XX):56-57.
黃影秋.“以學(xué)生為中心提高英語口語課堂效果.” 濟(jì)南職業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào). 3 (XX年): 81-88.
何亞娟.“中學(xué)英語課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)的探索與實(shí)踐.” 渭南師院學(xué)報(bào). 12 (XX): 72-73.
顧曉樂, 黃芙蓉.“合作學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演.” 國外外語教學(xué). 2 (XX):55-56.
黃艷.“合作性學(xué)習(xí)在大學(xué)英語課堂的應(yīng)用.” 長沙大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 10 (XX年):145-146.
慕東文.“合作性學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和實(shí)踐策略.” 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè). 6 (XX):304-305.
孫邊旗,張舍茹.“英語口語教學(xué)的情景設(shè)置.” 教育理論與實(shí)踐 8 (XX):37-39.
孫久榮.“論英語口語課的情景教學(xué).” 遼陽師專學(xué)報(bào) 21 (XX):87-89.
英語論文的開題報(bào)告范文二：
function and application of descriptive translation studies
1 introduction
the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
2 outline
2.1 development and major concepts of dts
in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 methodolgy
i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 dts in contrast to other theories
a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 case study
in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be
under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 conclusion
based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
it is therefore pointless to try to make tc more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”
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