資訊：英國大學(xué)正在喪失其社會(huì)責(zé)任
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‘What is truth?” said jesting Pilate – in Bacon’s famous phrase. What is public and what is private? This is a question that people in higher education could well ask themselves in 2015.
“真相是什么”Pilate打趣地說道——這是培根著名的句子。什么事公共的什么事私人的?這是高等教育的人們在2015年會(huì)問起的一個(gè)問題。
They should ask not so much because of the scattering of private – some for-profit, some charitable – institutions that has been allowed into the (English) system either through the front door by being given degree-awarding powers or university titles or via the back door by being able to tap into student loans.
他們不應(yīng)該問這么多，因?yàn)樗搅⒌脑盒�，不論是盈利為目的還是慈善的.，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了英國的體系，有些是光明正大地因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的學(xué)術(shù)能力或者學(xué)校名聲，有些是靠走后門收取學(xué)生費(fèi)用。
Most are small niche players. Their students are counted in the hundreds, not the thousands. They are no threat – yet – to the established universities. Maybe they never will be.
很多私立學(xué)校是小學(xué)校。學(xué)生只有幾百人不到上千人。他們對已經(jīng)成立的院校沒有任何威脅。也許永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)。
The question needs to be asked because the mainstream, still-just-about public, system is becoming increasingly “private”. Universities now conceive of themselves as corporate organisations driven by business plans.
這個(gè)問題值得一問是因?yàn)橹髁鞯墓⒔逃兊迷絹碓剿接谢�。學(xué)校門把自己看做是以商業(yè)目的為驅(qū)使的公司企業(yè)。
We need to knock three myths on the head. The first is that the public-private distinction has something to do with legal status. All public universities, in effect, have been legally established as independent corporations.
我們立馬會(huì)想到三件事。第一件是公立和私立在法律地位上有差異。事實(shí)上所有公立大學(xué)都是像獨(dú)立企業(yè)一樣建立的。
The precise terms in which this independence is expressed differ – royal charters, statute-led instruments and articles of government, companies limited by guarantee. But the effects are the same – and not as different as we imagine from the governance of so-called private institutions.
在這里獨(dú)立表示的精確意思是有區(qū)別的——皇家特許狀，法令規(guī)定的法律文件，政府文件，有擔(dān)保人的公司。但是其作用是一致的——并不是跟我們所想的私立學(xué)校的管理一樣。
The only substantial difference is that all public institutions are regarded as charities – and regulated accordingly. Only some of the new private institutions fall into the same category.
唯一一個(gè)主要的區(qū)別在于所有的公立學(xué)校都被認(rèn)為是慈善的并且根據(jù)相應(yīng)法規(guī)約束的。只有少數(shù)的私立院校在這一類別里面。
The second myth is that the distinction has something to do with receiving public money. Some private colleges that have attracted the beady attention of Margaret Hodge’s public accounts committee get more public money in proportion to their turnovers than the London School of Economics, one of our world-class universities.
第二件事就是收取公眾費(fèi)用的差別。一些私立學(xué)校吸引了Margaret Hodge的公有賬戶投入更多的財(cái)政，比例甚至超過了世界一流的倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院。
The third myth is that private institutions are freer from state interference. They may not have to conform to the control exercised by the Higher Education Funding Council for England through its financial memorandum or may be more sheltered from the requirements imposed by freedom of information legislation. But private institutions owe their licence to operate to the state, by being given degree-awarding powers or university titles (which can be revoked). Private colleges are also far more likely to be exposed to censure by the Quality Assurance Agency. The more public money they receive, the more they will be bound by regulation.
第三件事就是私立院校不受國家干涉更自由。他們可以不必遵循高等教育基金委員會(huì)通過其財(cái)政備忘錄對英國執(zhí)行的管理控制，或者也可以躲避信息自由法所強(qiáng)加的要求。但是私立學(xué)校有自己運(yùn)營的證件，有學(xué)位授予的能力還有學(xué)校名稱的影響力。私立學(xué)校不太可能受到質(zhì)量保障事務(wù)所的審查。他們收的錢越多，受法律的限制就越大。
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