職稱英語理工類考試真題(含答案)
20xx年職稱英語理工類B級考試真題
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均由1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意思最接近的選項。
1. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A. different B. wrong C. strange D. funny
2. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A. at B. with C. about D. from
3. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A. found by chance B. passed by C. took a notice of D. woke up
4. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A. general B. complex C. direct D. inflexible
5. It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. unbelievable B. right C. obvious D. unclear
6. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A. worried B. sleepy C. anxious D. offensive
7. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send B. hear C. spread D. confirm
8. As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A. express B. influence C. divide D. voice
9. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A. explore B. travel C. inhabit D. prefer
10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A. taught B. kept C. changed D. attracted
11. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. cautious B. naked C. blind D. private
12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A. repaired B. cleared C. booked D. fixed
13. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. break C. set D. beat
14. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. start C. end D. resume
15. He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
A. understand B. withhold C. exchange D. contact
參考答案：CCADA DCBBD ADBCA
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16~22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修補)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. “They’re the best toys out there，”says Howle Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist，a person who designs，builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid，he was interested in anything that moved—cars，trains，animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later，in high school，he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots，he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena，Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars：robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward，backward，left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形). “Snakes are far more interesting than the cars，”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon，Choset and his colleagues there bagan developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes，such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don’t，such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass，swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries，the doctor has to open a patient’s chest，cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati，a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School，to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,"Choset says.
16.Choset began to build robots in high school.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17.Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18.Choset didn’t begin developing his own snake robots until he started working Carnegie Mellon.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19.Choset’s snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20.The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22.The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：ABAACCC
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1~4段每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。
Black Holes
1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum，sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel，and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational(重力的)force，hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2 Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen，other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星質(zhì)量)black hole，which can only occur if the star is large enough(should be bigger than the sun)for the explosion to break it into pieces，and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare：if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers，then the Earth would become black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!
3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there，never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up(吞噬)objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole，but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits(軌道)do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star，only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4 So far，astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end，through numerous studies，they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light，it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies(銀河系)，space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years，and later contribute further process in galaxies，which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
A. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
B. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
C. How were black holes named?
D. What are different types of black holes?
E. What are black holes made of?
F. How are black holes formed?
23. Paragraph 1 F
24. Paragraph 2 E
25. Paragraph 3 A
26. Paragraph 4 B
27. Black holes are formed after___D______.
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into____F_____ .
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of ___C______ .
30. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove____A_____ .
A. the existence of black holes
B. the creation of new entities
C. the same amount of mass
D. an explosion of huge stars
E. a fraction of an inch
F. the tiniest particle
參考答案：FEABDFCA
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。
第一篇 Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production，the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing(租賃)，both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf。 Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000，32 percent of US oil，35 percent of natural gas，and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands，representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil，gas，and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999，for example，$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury，and non-India coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues，of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year，federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines，rail systems，pipelines，and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production，though the amount is still significant. For example，federal geothermal(地熱)resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours(千瓦時)of electricity per year，47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone，producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with influence on foreign off sources，pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources，development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced，or mineral be banned altogether.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
B. Public lands play an important role in energy production.
C. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.
32. Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
B. Half of US energy is produced there.
C. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
D. Most energy resources are reserved there.
33. Geothermal resources，wind turbines，and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 cited as examples to illustrate that
A. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.
B. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.
C. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.
D. geothermal resources are more important than the other two。
34. There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands
A. the U.S. is demanding more and more energy.
B. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.
C. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.
D. many Americans think public lands are being abused.
35. Public lands can be used for energy development when
A. energy development restrictions are effective.
B. federal land managers grant permissions.
C. they go through the land use planning process.
D. there is enough federal budget.
參考答案：BAAAC
第二篇 Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels(太陽能電池板)for decades. But plants are the real experts. They’ve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight，carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)，and water into sugars and starches(淀粉)，stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis(光合作用). Unfortunately，unless you’re a plant，it’s difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That’s why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants，or biological cells that act like plants，to work as very small photosynthesis power stations. For example，Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Colo.，is working with green algae(水藻). She’s trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently，the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis，plants normally make sugars or starches.“But under certain conditions，a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch，but to make hydrogen.”Ghirardi says. For example，algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It’s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an airfree environment，however，is difficult. It’s not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate(硫酸鹽)from the environment that the algae grow in，they will make hydrogen instead of sugars，even when air is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells'activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere： “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.”
36. How do plants relate to solar energy?
A. They are the real experts in producing it.
B. They have been a source of it.
C. They have been used to produce it.
D. They have been using it for billions of years.
37. Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to
A. improve the efficiency of it.
B. turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
C. make green plants a new source of energy.
D. get more sugars and starches from plants.
38. Algae are able to use solar energy to produce hydrogen when
A. they are grown in narrow-necked bottles.
B. there is enough oxygen in the air.
C. enough starches is stored.
D. there is no oxygen in the air.
39. Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because
A. removing the sulfate slows down hydrogen production.
B. it is hard to create an airfree environment.
C. it is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environment.
D. the algae’s cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air.
40. What does Ghirardi say about algae?
A. They grow faster in a reactor.
B. They will be planted everywhere.
C. They are cheap to eat.
D. They can be a good energy source.
參考答案：DADAD
第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert，a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers(獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert，Kitso Khama，to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behavior as discreetly(謹慎地)as possible，without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal’s reputation，this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals，especially when they see something new.”he says.“That，combined with their unpredictable nature，can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food，for example，they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans，but as soon as they feel they might be in danger，they can become extremely vicious(兇惡的). Fortunately this is rare，but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected，honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes，feared and avoided by most other animals，were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised，however，by the animal’s fondness for local melons，probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(獵物). The team also learnt that，contrary to previous research findings，the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research，including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge，since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males，there are occasional fights over an important food source，and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people，it gave the team the to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals’ curiosity—or a sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns，which had been disrupted，to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other that form working associations with the honey badger，as these seemed to badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
41. Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A. To observe how honey badgers behave.
B. To find where honey badgers live.
C. To catch some honey badgers for food.
D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
42. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B. They are always looking for food.
C. They do not enjoy human company.
D. It is common for them to attack people.
43. What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A. They were some creatures they did not eat.
B. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
C. They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
D. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
44. Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A. They don’t run very quickly.
B. They defend their territory from other badgers.
C. They are more aggressive than females.
D. They hunt over a very large area.
45. What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around then
A. They became less aggressive towards other creature.
B. They lost interest in people.
C. They started eating more.
D. Other animals started working with them.
參考答案：AABDB
第5部分：補全短文(第46~50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose(蔗糖)and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time，sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant，grown throughout the world. ________(46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things，from confectionery(糖果點心)to medicine，and，as the demand for sugar grew，the industry became larger and more profitable. ____(47) ____ Many crops withered(枯萎)and died ，despite growers’ attempts to save them，and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s，scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes，mixing genes from the more delicate，commercial type. ____(48)____This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially，but when this happens，it is expected to be incredible profitable for the industry.
____ (49)____Brazil，which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar，has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research，however，we still do not fully understand how the genes in sugar cane.____(50)____This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A Since the 1980s，scientists have been analysing the mysterious of the sugar canes genetic code.
47. Unfortunately，however，the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
46. The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
50. One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angellique D’Hont and her team in Montpeller，F(xiàn)rance.
48. Eventually，a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before，but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
49. Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
參考答案：B C D E F
第6部分：完形填空(第51~65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳答案。
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures(禿鷹)in question may look ugly and threatening，but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration，and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic_____(51)_____in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the ____(52)_____areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems _____(53)_____the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians，vultures have _____(54)_____played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India (55). It is because they feed on dead cows. In India，cows are sacred animals and are _____(56)_____left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has _____(57_____an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these_____(58)_____animals. There are fears that rabies(狂犬癥) may increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately(最終)affect humans in the region，_____(59)_____wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species，_____(60)_____an even greater problem in the future.
The need for action is _____(61)_____，so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to _____(62)_____the disease causing the birds’ deaths and，if possible，develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture _____(63)were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined _____(64)over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as "critically endangered". As most vultures lay only single eggs and _____(65)_____about five years to reach maturity，reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.
51. A. increase B. threat C. decline D. risk
52. A. small B. different C. same D. safe
53. A. above B. with C. across D. through
54. A. rarely B. long C. recently D. seldom
55.A. dangerous B. clean C. smelly D. beautiful
56. A. immediately B. occasionally C. hardly D. traditionally
57. A. acted as B. led to C. come from D. slowed down
58. A. dead B. strange C. wild D. endangered
59. A. when B. so C. whether D. since
60. A. improving B. causing C. predicting D. finding
61. A. frequent B. regular C. urgent D. sudden
62. A.identify B. prove C. test D. check
63. A.injuries B.deaths C. arrivals D. attacks
64. A.in B.on C.along D.by
65. A.waste B.consume C.take D.adopt
參考答案：CC BB DBADB CABDC
2016年職稱英語理工類A級考試真題
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.
A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct
2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
A. turned dead B. passed by
C. carried away D. become extinct
3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume
4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.
A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compete
5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.
A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative
6. Respect for life is a cardinal ??principle?? of the law.
A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard
7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.
A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted
8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. set C. break D. beat
9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed
10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.
A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation
11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.
A. unknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable
12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A. doubtful B. untouched C. certain D. silent
13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.
A. rejected B. submitted C. considered D. approved
14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send B. spread C. hear D. confirm
15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked B. cautious C. blind D. private
參考答案：ADBDA CACCB CADBB
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16-22題，每題1分，共7分)
New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries
Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韌性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.
To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (納米晶體) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.
The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).
By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (納米碳管), think again.The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.
16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：BABBCBA
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。
Black Holes
1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2 Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星質(zhì)量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become a black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!
3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4 So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to study galaxies, space and the solar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute to a bigger process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
A. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
B. What are different types of black holes?
C. How are black holes formed?
D. How were black holes named?
E. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
F. What are black holes made of?
23.Paragraph1 C
24.Paragraph2 F
25.Paragraph3 E
26.Paragraph4 A
27. Black holes are formed after___B___.
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into___C___.
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of___D___.
30. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove__E____ .
A. the creation of new entities
B. an explosion of huge stars
C. the tiniest particle
D. the same amount of mass
E. the existence of black holes
F. a fraction of an inch
參考答案：CFEABCDE
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
第一篇 Forecasting Methods
There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.
The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.
The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation(降水量). Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.
The climatology(氣候?qū)W) method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.
The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario(模式) and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.
31. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?
A. Necessary amount of information.
B. Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
C. Practical knowledge of the forecaster.
D. Creativity of the forecaster.
32. The persistence method fails to work well when
A. it is rainy.
B. it is sunny.
C. weather conditions stay stable.
D. weather conditions change greatly.
33. The trends method works well when
A. weather features are constant for a long period of time.
B. weather features are defined well enough.
C. predictions on precipitation are accurate.
D. the speed and direction of movement are predicable.
34. The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast when
A. the analog looks complicated.
B. the current weather scenario is different from the analog.
C. the analog is more than 10 years old.
D. the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.
35. Historical weather data are necessary in
A. the persistence method and the trends method.
B. the trends method and the climatology method.
C. the climatology method and the analog method.
D. The persistence method and the analog method.
參考答案：DDABC
第二篇 Students Learn Better With Touchscreen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the education system. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And — particularly in the United States — school children as a group don’t care much for, or excel(擅長)at, mathematics. So it’s heartening to learn that a new kind of “classroom of the future” shows promise at mitigating some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.
AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students’ math skills compared to peers learning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration, mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.
Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy (效力) at increasing students fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice — dull, repetitive practice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility — the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology. Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as SynergyNet, the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared (紅外線的) spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screens collaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
36. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?
A. It does not catch up with the development of technology.
B. Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.
C. Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.
D. Many students are not good at learning mathematics.
37. What has been found after the new tech is employed?
A. Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.
B. Students become less active in learning mathematics.
C. Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.
D. The gap between slow learners and fast learners get more noticeable.
38. What is the benefit students get from the new tech?
A. It makes them more fluent in public speech.
B. It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.
C. It is effective in helping them solve physical problems.
D. It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.
39. What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?
A. Every student has an individual tabletop.
B. Students use different tools to interact with each other.
C. The multi-touch function stimulates students.
D. The software installed automatically identifies different users.
40. How does the new tech work to improve students’mathematical learning?
A. It helps fast learners to learn faster.
B. It makes teachers’ instruction unnecessary.
C. It enables them to work together.
D. It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.
參考答案：BADCC
第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (謹慎地) as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (兇惡的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (獵物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fat that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity —or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seems to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
41. Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A. To find where honey badgers live.
B. To observe how honey badgers behave.
C. To catch some honey badgers for food.
D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
42. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B. They are always looking for food.
C. They do not enjoy human company.
D. It is common for them to attack people.
43. What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A. There were some creatures they did not eat.
B. They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
D. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
44. Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A. They don’t run very quickly.
B. They hunt over a very large area.
C. They defend their territory from other badgers.
D. They are more aggressive than females
45. What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A. They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
B. They started eating more.
C. Other animals started working with them.
D. They lost interest in people.
參考答案：BACBD
第5部分：補全短文(第46-50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章面貌。
Toads are Arthritic and in Pain
Arthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46__________.
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47__________.A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48__________.
A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night.49__________.But speed and strength come at a price —arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.
In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop(跳躍). 50__________.These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.
A. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet area.
48. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.
47. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.
49. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.
46. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.
50. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.
參考答案：BCDEF
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic(光電的) thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but ________ (51)now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector .That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon(晶體硅) solar cells, ________ (52)lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solarhot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __________(53) .And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can __________(54)up all thespace on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __________(55) in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous(非晶形的) silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they __________ (57) much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. __________ (58), thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you__________ (59) them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the __________ (60) thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a __________ (61) to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new _____ (62) _____ of PVT .You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling __________ (63) of water, they could make thicker cells that largely _________ (64) the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they__________(65) the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
51. A. until B. unless C. when D. if
52. A. what B. which C. that D. who
53. A. reward B. bill C. pay D. cost
54. A. move B. set C. live D. take
55. A. decision B. suggestion C. solution D. qualification
56. A. for B. by C. with D. as
57. A. retrieve B. merge C. require D. exchange
58. A. Unfortunately B. Certainly C. Luckily D. Immediately
59. A. cover B. relate C. face D. expose
60. A. restrictions B. advances C. reasons D. strengths
61. A. part B. result C. subject D. way
62. A. type B. size C. shape D. brand
63. A. area B. point C. place D. extent
64. A. promoted B. improved C. overcame D. asserted
65. A. boosted B. defined C. wasted D. lower
參考答案：ABDDC DCADC DABCA
2016年職稱英語考試試卷結(jié)構(gòu)
2015年職稱英語考試試卷結(jié)構(gòu)：
A、B、C三個等級的考試各由6個部分組成，每個級別的考試題型一樣、題量相同，但不同級別考試總的閱讀量及難易程度不同�？荚囍饕疾閼�(yīng)試者理解書面英語的能力。
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
考查應(yīng)試者理解在一定語境中單詞或短語意義的能力。本部分為15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線。要求應(yīng)試者從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
考查應(yīng)試者識別和判斷文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分為1篇300～450詞的短文，短文后列出7個句子，有的句子提供的是正確信息，有的句子提供的是錯誤信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或間接提及。要求應(yīng)試者根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
考查應(yīng)試者把握文章段落大意及細節(jié)的能力。本部分為一篇300-450詞的短文，有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)短文后有6個段落小標題，要求應(yīng)試者根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容為其中指定的4個段落各選擇一個正確的小標題;(2)短文后有4個不完整的句子，要求應(yīng)試者在所提供的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項分別完成每個句子。
2016年12月大學英語六級考試寫作淺析
2014年12月大學英語六級考試寫作淺析
2014年12月的大學英語六級考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，客觀題部分，對很多考生來說都是沒有疑問的，選對了就是對，錯了就是錯。但是主觀題就有了很大的靈活性，因此不少考生會覺得心里七上八下，不知道自己答的主觀題部分是不是符合要求。在此，老師就以寫作為例，解說下小伙伴們關(guān)心的寫作相關(guān)問題。
1.不要跑題
由于今年的客觀題相對簡單，為了保證穩(wěn)定的過級率，主觀題部分的閱卷可能會相對嚴格一些。但是我們不用擔心，只要我們的作文不寫跑題，那就沒有問題。其實，今年的考題都是比較簡單的，我們從看到第一眼就可以確定它的主題了，然后后面圍繞這個話題進行展開就可以了。
2.關(guān)于標題
作文要不要寫標題呢?這個問題就像哈姆雷特的“To be or not to be,that is a question”一樣，不斷縈繞在廣大考生的腦海中。在這里，老師將要把大家從苦海中解救出來：這個標題寫不寫都不扣分。所以，小伙伴們，你們也不用再糾結(jié)了。
3.作文結(jié)構(gòu)
我們的作文結(jié)構(gòu)一定要清晰。那是不是就意味著一定要和八股文一樣“三段式”呢?老師告訴你們其實不然，這個作文不一定三個段落，但不能只是一段，至少要三個段落。而且還要有清晰的'段落結(jié)構(gòu)。不僅要有主題句，點明主題、引出下文;還要有總結(jié)句進行總結(jié)。否則是要扣結(jié)構(gòu)分的。
4.用語地道
也就是說，我們要寫出地道和專業(yè)的表達。但是我們知道每個國家和民族有自己的傳統(tǒng)和特征，中國人很難創(chuàng)造出地道的英文表達，就像英國人不明白中國人為什么要說“說曹操曹操就到，”不說“說張飛張飛就到”一樣。既然很難寫出來，那應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?不著急，老師溫馨提示：我們可以從真題文章中進行學習模仿。我們知道考試的真題都是從國外專業(yè)雜志中選擇的最精彩的文章，它能體現(xiàn)全世界最專業(yè)的表達水平，其中的固定搭配和用法是非常飄亮。所以，我們在平時的學習中可以嘗試從真題中總結(jié)出用詞和短語，并運用到寫作中去。
總之，只要能做到以上這些，老師相信，你的英語一定會所向無敵，高分通過考試的。
英語四六級名師指導：如何擺脫單詞噩夢
看到這個題目，可能會有同學避之唯恐不及，因為記單詞在許多同學的“職業(yè)生涯里”已經(jīng)成為了一場揮之不去的夢魘。那一個個奇形怪狀的字母，一個個蹩腳的發(fā)音，一個個稀奇古怪的意思，總讓人傷透腦筋。有時候拼命記下了拼寫，卻忘了單詞的意思，有時候知道單詞的意思，卻又拼不出來，總是讓人又愛又恨。其實，記憶單詞是可以有奧秘的，雖然說一個個的字母無序地排列讓人捉摸不透，但是只要我們細心觀察，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些有用的小規(guī)律，幫助我們更快的記住單詞。
規(guī)律一：
發(fā)音是重要的，規(guī)律是可循的。其實很多同學在記憶單詞的過程中已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個規(guī)律了，但是可能沒有時間靜下心來好好總結(jié)，沒關(guān)系，在這里，我們可以重新審視一下這個規(guī)律。一般來說，英語單詞的讀音是非常重要的，而且也是很有規(guī)律的，也就是說，某一些特定的字母或者字母組合，往往都是發(fā)某個特定的或某一組特定的音，舉個例子：competition， emotion， addition， ambition， creation， relation等等這樣的詞，我們讀一遍就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些名詞都有著相同的詞尾-tion，而且這個詞尾都無一例外地發(fā)/ ∫n/，這就給我們一個提示，如果遇到一些名詞是以/ ∫n/結(jié)尾的話，那么它的詞尾很有可能就是-tion，這樣的話，我們的記憶就從一個一個的字母上升到了一個字母組合，而產(chǎn)生這些字母組合的原因，就是因為相同的發(fā)音。再比如：import， export， report， support， port， resort，這一系列的單詞中，字母組合-ort都出現(xiàn)了/?:rt/這個發(fā)音，所以同樣的，/?:rt/這個發(fā)音組合很有可能就拼寫為ort.這樣的例子還有很多，比如：picture， structure， architecture， culture， furniture， puncture， 字母組合-ture就肯定是發(fā)音/ t∫er/等等，一旦我們掌握這些規(guī)律，再結(jié)合原單詞的記憶，那么這個單詞的拼寫就會記憶的很牢固，因為一旦遇到這樣的發(fā)音，腦海中總是會浮現(xiàn)出特定的字母組合，幫助我們記憶單詞，這樣就可以把散亂不堪的字母變成一組一組的字母組合，減少我們記憶的負擔，用這個方法記憶單詞，將會事半功倍。
規(guī)律二：
巧識詞根詞綴。很多單詞中，我們經(jīng)常會見到一些常見的詞根詞綴，有時候雖然單詞數(shù)量多，但是大多數(shù)都是由一個我們知道的單詞加上特定的詞根詞綴來合成的，比如like，dislike;agree，disagree;這樣的情況，我們不難看出，它是由原詞加上一個否定前綴-dis來合成的，這樣的單詞算不上是生詞，而只是衍生詞，所以如果我們一旦識別了這樣的詞綴，那么生詞的數(shù)量對于我們來說將會大大下降，那我們的幾億人武部也就輕松了許多嗎?比起記憶浩如煙海的單詞來說，記憶幾個詞根詞綴就算不了什么了。我們中學里常見的詞根詞綴主要有以下一些：-dis，表示與原詞反義;non-表示對原詞的否定;un-也表示原詞的反義;re-表示原詞的動作或者意義的重復，比如locate-relocate(搬家)，move-remove(刪除)，write-rewrite(重寫)，cite(引述)-recite(反復引述-背誦);ex-，表示向外出去的，有時候也表示前任…。，im-，表示向內(nèi)進入的，比如export，就是出口的意思，進口則是import，或者表示前妻，ex-wife，前女友ex-girlfriend;-ology表示學科，比如geology， biology， sociology(社會學)，psychology(心理學)，meteorology(氣象學)，anthropology(人類學)等等，這樣的例子還有很多，我們在記憶單詞的時候，要做一個有心人，那么這些規(guī)律便不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，掌握了一些基本的詞根詞綴，我們都能夠很快猜測出一些生詞的含義，更不用說簡單的記憶單詞了，這不僅對于記單詞是有個行之有效的方法，對于閱讀題和完形填空題的解答，也有益處;
規(guī)律三：
不要花整塊的時間記憶單詞。同學們往往會專門騰出一塊時間來記憶單詞，這樣做當時的效果可能會好，但是隨著記憶曲線的下降，第二天，第三天，一周以后，可能你又忘記了很多詞，這樣一來，不僅時間花的不值，效果也大打折扣，給自信心一次沉重的打擊，甚至還可能記單詞產(chǎn)生抵觸心理，這樣就會產(chǎn)生惡性循環(huán)，這絕不是我們想看到的。當然，花整塊時間去記單詞的同學精神可嘉，但是我們提倡的是：單詞不是靠一兩遍就記下來的，而是靠無數(shù)次重復而留下的印象，這樣的印象才是比較牢靠的。所以，如果你手邊有一本單詞書，那么沒有必要專門花一整塊的時間去一個詞一個詞，一個單元一個單元地去記，我們需要記單詞是的時間是這樣的時間：茶余飯后10分鐘，課間休息5分鐘，午睡前面10分鐘，洗漱以后10分鐘，飯后散步10分鐘，總之就是一句話，這些都是零碎的時間，而零碎的時間記憶單詞效果反而會更好，因為此時你的大腦處于放松的狀態(tài)，事實證明，神經(jīng)緊繃，大腦處于高度緊張狀態(tài)下的記憶效果是不理想的，所以我提倡大家利用散碎的時間記憶單詞。當然，時間散碎并不意味著記憶的內(nèi)容散碎，我們還是要制定計劃，比如每天記憶20個單詞，這20個單詞我分別利用今天的飯后散步和洗漱之后的時間搞定，睡前再重復一遍就可以，沒有記住的單詞沒必要去拼命想，要知道重復的力量是可怕的，只要我們不斷的重復，再難的單詞我們也能記住;
規(guī)律四：
重復重復再重復。還是上面那句話，一本單詞書，如果你看得很仔細，只看到第10單元，那么效果一定不如雖然看的不太仔細，但是看了10遍甚至20遍的同學，原因很簡單，重復出奇跡，任何事情都經(jīng)不起重復，一旦重復的次數(shù)達到一定的數(shù)量級，就會產(chǎn)生質(zhì)的飛躍。所以，大家看單詞書的時候，不要停留在一個一個的生詞上，而是盡量放寬視野，把書讀多翻幾遍，每翻一遍就加深一次印象，沒翻一遍就消滅幾個“老大難”，很快，這本書快翻爛的時候，你會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你甚至已經(jīng)可以把例句都記下來了，這就是最好的效果。提到例句，我還有一點建議，那就是認真地看例句，把這個單詞的用法搞清楚，一旦會用這個單詞了，那么記憶起來會容易得多，這是一個心理作用，但是對于我們記單詞很有幫助。大家如果可以在平時的寫作，造句中主動使用這些詞，用不了多久你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個單詞越來越簡單，越來越順眼，其實沒有什么奇怪的，正如賣油翁說的那句話：“無他，但手熟耳!”
2016年12月英語六級作文題目二：科技與學習
The picture vividly depicts that a teaching is asking a pupil to answer a simple math-related question——what’s two plus two? Unfortunately, the child cannot answer such an easy question without tech help. In fact, the phenomenon conveyed in the picture does not surprise us, because as the science and technology develops, the topic concerning the side effects of technological advancement increasingly arouses people’s attention.
Undoubtedly, the drawer of the picture aims at reminding us that we should use technology in a proper way and not be too tech-dependent to solve the simple problem independently. It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. But, while enjoying the convenience produced by tech, we must alert its harm. Being over-addicted to technology will cost our health, independence, wisdom，creativity and even our ability to live.
Weighing the pros and cons of the technology, perhaps the best policy is to apply it properly. At the same time, we must avoid its harmful part. Furthermore, young people should be advised that depending too much on technology is hardly beneficial for them at all and more importantly they are expected to acquire the capacity to think independently.
范文譯文：
這幅圖形象地描述了一位老師正在讓一名小學生回答一個簡單的數(shù)學問題：2加2等于幾?然而不幸的是，這個小孩在沒有計算器的幫助下居然無法回答一個如此簡單的問題。事實上，我們對圖畫所描述的這種現(xiàn)象毫不驚奇，因為隨著科學和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，有關(guān)技術(shù)進步的副作用已經(jīng)開始引起人們的關(guān)注。
毫無疑問，圖畫的作者旨在提醒我們應(yīng)該合理使用技術(shù)，過度依賴技術(shù)就會喪失獨立解決問題的能力。眾所周知，由于人類文明的發(fā)展，很多以前人類無法想象的東西成為現(xiàn)實。然而，在享受科技給我們帶來便捷的同時，我們還要警惕它的危害。過度依賴技術(shù)會使我們失去健康、獨立、智慧、創(chuàng)造力甚至是我們的生存能力。
權(quán)衡科技的利弊之后，可能最好的辦法就是合理利用技術(shù)。同時，避免它的危害。而且，應(yīng)該奉勸年輕人過度依賴技術(shù)對于他們百害而無一益，而且更重要的是年輕人應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成獨立思考的能力。
范文二：
As is shown in the picture, a teacher is asking a student a very easy math question of 2+2, but surprisingly, he answers that he is going to use technology to solve this problem. Simple as the picture is , it makes us consider whether technology is necessary in education.
As far as I am concerned, the technology is useful in our education. There are several reasons responsible for my arguments. First and foremost, it can help students have access to the wide range of information. For example, the teacher not only can present the contents through PPT but also show students pictures and videos, and let students accept and understand what they learn easily. Secondly, we can save a lot of paper. The teachers just need to put the contents in the PPT ,in order to protect our environment. Last but not least, the teacher can use long-distance(LD) education to teach, and other teachers can join in the class and share a wealth of useful information with students.
From what I said, we can safely draw the conclusion that technology is good if we use them in a correct way in a certain extent.
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