衛(wèi)生職稱英語(yǔ)考試技巧：假設(shè)句型
假設(shè)句就是假定一種情況，陳述在這種假定情況下所產(chǎn)生的后果或提出問(wèn)題。 假設(shè)句的假定情況一般由“假設(shè)、假如、假定、如果、比如、比方說(shuō)”等詞語(yǔ)引出。
Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause
Suppose/Supposing (that) ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰Suppose/Supposing (that)+子句，S+V ...
說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“如果…，假使…”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導(dǎo)假設(shè)條件句，其功能相當(dāng)于 if。
Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?
如果我們誤了火車，我們將怎么辦?
What if/Say ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰What if/Say+子句，S+V ...
說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“假設(shè)…”。What if 和 Say 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)假設(shè)條件句，其義相當(dāng)于 Let us suppose(讓我們假設(shè))。
What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then?
假設(shè)他在我們之前趕到家而又進(jìn)不去呢?那他怎么辦呢?
What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do?
假設(shè)你的錢用完了呢?你將怎么辦呢?
With luck ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰With luck，+主要子句
說(shuō)明︰With luck 為含蓄假設(shè)條件句(即不用 if 直接引導(dǎo))。with luck 意為“如果幸運(yùn)的話，如果運(yùn)氣好的話”。
With luck, we’ll be there by tomorrow.幸運(yùn)的話，我們明天將到達(dá)那兒。(=If we are lucky)
With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運(yùn)的話，她將得到那份工作。(=If she is lucky)
If I had V-ed, I would ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰If…had+過(guò)去分詞…，主詞+would/should 等+原形動(dòng)詞+now/today
說(shuō)明︰這是不一致時(shí)的假設(shè)，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。即：if 若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用表示;而若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，則用過(guò)去式表示。此類句尾通常有表現(xiàn)在的，如 now，today 等。
If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.
如果他年輕時(shí)多努力一點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在就能過(guò)得舒服些。
If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.
如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。
Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當(dāng)時(shí)肯說(shuō)實(shí)話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)受罪了。
Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now.
當(dāng)時(shí)他要是聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在可能還活著。
If only + V-ed
結(jié)構(gòu)︰If only+過(guò)去式/過(guò)去完成式
說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“要是…就好了。”用過(guò)去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;若用，則表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。
If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個(gè)有錢的爸爸就好了。
If only he had been here. 要是他當(dāng)時(shí)在這兒就好了。
If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。
... as if/as though ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰…as if/as though…現(xiàn)在式/過(guò)去式/過(guò)去完成式
說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“彷佛…;好像…一樣”。as if，as though 是，引導(dǎo)。中，可用現(xiàn)在式，以表示事實(shí);也可用過(guò)去式或，分別表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的。
He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說(shuō)話，似乎不想?yún)⒓訒?huì)議。
He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來(lái)好像他真的醉了。
He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺(jué)彷佛幾乎要?dú)⒌羲麄儭?/p>
The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個(gè)嬰兒打開(kāi)書本彷佛他會(huì)念書。
The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.
這護(hù)士照顧這位病人彷佛在照顧她爸爸似的。
He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.
他跑進(jìn)屋子，彷佛他看到什么可怕的東西。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當(dāng)時(shí)看起來(lái)好像什么事都沒(méi)發(fā)生似的'。
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰If+現(xiàn)在式…，S+未來(lái)式…
說(shuō)明︰
if 子句用現(xiàn)在式，表示須具備的條件，主句用未來(lái)式表示可能的結(jié)果，整句含意為“如果…，那么…”。will 用于所有的人稱，在 I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主詞為 I 或 we 時(shí)，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary(如果需要)，if possible(如果可能)，if so(如果這樣)等固定詞組實(shí)際上是省略了的 if 子句。
If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業(yè)了，我就出國(guó)。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。
If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我們將待在家里。
If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk. 如果天晴，我們就去散步。
If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴，我們就不去散步。
Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.
通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣，物價(jià)就會(huì)上漲。
If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的話，她想跟我們一起去。
Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.
英國(guó)貨幣可能貶值，如果果真如此，利率就會(huì)上升。
If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰If + 現(xiàn)在式，主詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞
說(shuō)明︰本句型實(shí)為句型之變體。之所以用情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，主要是因?yàn)檎f(shuō)話者對(duì)可能的結(jié)果不是太肯定或者是想表達(dá)例如必要的意思。
If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可以出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門能夠出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門宜于出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門宜于出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門必須出門。
If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.
If I had V-ed, I would have ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰If…had+過(guò)去分詞…，主詞+would/should 等+have+過(guò)去分詞
說(shuō)明︰這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。if 要用，則要用過(guò)去式(would，should，ought to，might，could)+have+過(guò)去。if 中的 had可置于前面，而省略 If。
If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)看見(jiàn)他，我會(huì)告訴他實(shí)情。
I could have finished the task if I had had more time.
如果當(dāng)時(shí)我能有多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我就能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.
如果我們事先知道你要離開(kāi)，我們會(huì)到機(jī)場(chǎng)送行。
I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.
如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會(huì)溺死。
I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.
若非我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。
Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him.
她(那時(shí))不會(huì)原諒他，若非他道了歉。
Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。
Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?
我要是當(dāng)年向你求婚，你會(huì)答應(yīng)嫁給我嗎?
Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction.
假如沒(méi)有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。
It seems/looks as if ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰It seems/looks as if…
說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“似乎…”。本句型中的 as if 可用以表示事實(shí)，或。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個(gè)萬(wàn)事通。
It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.
他似乎是個(gè)萬(wàn)事通。其實(shí)他是再愚蠢不過(guò)了。
It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
她看起來(lái)彷佛剛從外層空間回來(lái)似的。
It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經(jīng)完成了這個(gè)工作。
It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠(yuǎn)完成不了這個(gè)工作。
I demand/insist that ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞1+意志動(dòng)詞(demand/insist 等)+(that)+主詞2+(should)+原形動(dòng)詞
說(shuō)明︰意志有四類：建議(suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等)，要求(desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等)，命令(order，command 等)，規(guī)定( rule，regulate，stipulate 等)。其后接 that-時(shí)，該里的要用原形或“should+”。美式英語(yǔ)通常省略 should。
The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委員提議休會(huì)。
His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點(diǎn)以前回家。
The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 員工們要求加薪。
They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規(guī)定不應(yīng)加重法律。
His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.
他的父親規(guī)定他要用英文寫日記。
My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education.
我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我，而且堅(jiān)持我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)我的教育。
He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他堅(jiān)持我應(yīng)該向她道歉。
Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive.
最近，許多州堅(jiān)持中學(xué)應(yīng)該教學(xué)生如何開(kāi)車。
His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸堅(jiān)持他們應(yīng)該搬到鄉(xiāng)下。
It is proper ... that ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰It is+意志形容詞(important 等)+(that)+主詞+(should)+原形動(dòng)詞
說(shuō)明︰意志包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，recommendable，proper 等。that-中只能用 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。
It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.
他有必要整理些資料供我參考。
It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。
It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.
急需將食物和衣服送給災(zāi)民。
It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas.
在圣誕節(jié)施舍窮人是可喜的事。
It is important that he be quiet. 他該保持安靜是有必要的。
It is important that he not do it. 他不該做那事是有必要的。
It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全體會(huì)員都被要求出席這次晚會(huì)。
It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. 這么壞的人受重罰是應(yīng)該的。
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