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2015年職稱英語考試（衛(wèi)生類B）考前押題試卷（第二套）
第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1-15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有下劃線，請為每處下劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1.It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision. A.evaluate
B.comment
C.discuss
D.report
2.You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.A.strange
B.terrible
C.unusual
D.unfair
3.As the headmaster made a long speech，the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes.A.quickened
B.enlarged
C.enriched
D.lengthened
4.When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person，he will think twice about it.A.passive
B.lifelong
C.unhappy
D.fatal
5.Because of adverse weather conditions，The travelers stopped to camp.A.local
B.unfamiliar
C.good
D.unfavorable
6.There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.A.tolerate
B.contribute
C.resist
D.prohibit
7.Her behavior is extremely childish.A.simple
B.immature
C.beautiful
D.pretty
8.Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.A.complaint
B.consideration
C.delay
D.anxiety
9.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with thei rcreativity.A.freedom
B.assistance
C.clues
D.funds
10.He is charming;nevertheless，I don’t quite trust him.A.however
B.therefore
C.despite
D.afterwards
11.Hund reds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A.shaken
B.damaged
C.fallen
D.iumped
1 2.Academic records cannot be duplicated.A.borrowed
B.purchased
C.rewritten
D.copied
13.We have ample money for the iourney.A.some
B.Iittle
C.extra
D.enough
14.The failure is not horrible because it helps to accumulate useful experiences.A.increase
B.spread
C.collect
D.grow
15.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.invented
B.explained
C.considered
D.accepted
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷;如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
The Workers’Role in Management
Traditionally，it has been the workers’role to work and management’s role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm’s operations with little thought to consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers’opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most，companies have provided“suggestion boxes”in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years，however，many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor...——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore， major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is particularly true of plant closings，which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers，then，play a stronger ro]e in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least，the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank—and—file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between l980 and l985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs，often with no warning.At least 90 days’notice ought to be given in such instances SO that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant，because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision makings.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm’s board of directors or other major policy making groups.If rank—and—file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow，they will help to make improvements，their morale will rise，and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive，they must be given a share in the company’s profits.This can be done through employee stockownership plans，bonuses，or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally，when a plant can no longer operate at a profit， the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
16.Traditional workers showed no interest in management. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers’ role in management with two major reasons. A.Right
B.Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18.Since policy decisions are business secrets Of a firm.workers should not be informed of them. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.Before closing.a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.The wOrkers’participation in management might save a plant from closing down.A.Right
B.wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.One of the advantages 04 involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved. A.Right
B.wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant. A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為指定段 落每段選擇1個小標(biāo)題;(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為每含句子確定 一個最佳選項(xiàng)。
Facts about Stroke
1.Every 45 seconds.someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes，someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated l67，661 people in 2000 and is the nation’s third leading cause of death，ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious，long—term disability in the United States.
2.Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(動脈) leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(營養(yǎng)物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝塊)or bursts.When that happens，part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs，SO it starts to die.
3.The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow can’t reach the region that controls a particular body function，that part of the body won’t work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain，for instance it’s likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞)and the extent of brain tissue affected.
4.The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has，the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you caia’t control，such as increasing age，family health history，race， and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment Can be modified，with a healthcare provider’s help. Some of these include：high blood pressure，current smoking，heart disease，and high red blood cell count.
5.A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In，fact about 600，000 people have strokes every year.For many years，there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However， recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work，the person must get to a hospital immediately.
23.Parag raph 2________.
24.Parag raph 3________.
25.Parag raph 4________.
26.Paraqraph 5________.
A.Effects of a stroke
B.Annual cost of stroke in the US
C.Definition and description of a stroke
D.BreakthrOuahs in treatment
E.Risk factors of stroke
F.Warning signs of a stroke
27.When a stroke occurs，the arteries leading to and within the brain________.
28.A person’s vision is likely to be affected if a stroke________.
29.Some people can reduce thei r risk of stroke if they________.
30.New treatments are now available to people who________.
A.suffer frOm a stroke
B.wilI be affected
C.change their lifestyles
D.wilI take place
E.occurs at the back Of his/her brain
F.controls various body functions
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。
Find Yourself Packing It on?
Blame Friends Obesity call spread from person to person，much like a virus，researchers are reporting today.When one person gains weight，close friends tend to gain weight，too. Their study，published in The New England Journal of Medicine，involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12，067 people who were been closely followed for 32 years，from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor，and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese.Did their friends also become obese?Did family members?Or neighbors? The answer，the researchers report，was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese.That increased a person's chances of becoming obese by 57 percent.There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however，and family members had less influence than friends.
It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away，the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.There，if one became obese. the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese.too. The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss，the investigators say.But since most people were gaining，not losing，over the 32 years，me result was，on average，that people grew fatter.
Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis，a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study，said one explanation was that friends affected each others’perception of fatness.When a close friend becomes obese，obesity may not look so bad.
“You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you.”Dr.Christakis said.
The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years—each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.
Their analysis was unique，Dr.Christakis said，because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined all entire social network alonce，looking at how a person’s friend’s friends，or a spouse’s sibling’s friends.could have aIl influence on a person’s weight.
The effects，he said，“highlight the importance of a spreading process.a kind of social contagion，that spreads through the network.”of course，the investigators say.social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight.There is a strong genetic component at work，too.
Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights，spanning perhaps 30 0r so pounds for each person.But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person’s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom.As people have gotten fatter，it appears that many are edging tbward the top of their ranges.The question has been why.
If the new research is correct，it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic，making a few people gain weight.Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
31.Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?A.Their friends.
B.Their neighbors.
C.Their family members.
D.Their colleagues.
32.Which of the following statement about a friend’s influence is false according to the report?A.Friends had more influence than family members on people who became obese.
B.Even if the friend lives far away，the influence still remained.
C.People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.
D.The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.
33.According to Dr.Nicholas A，Christakis，what is the explanation for friends beina the greatest influence?A.Friends usually spend a lot of time together.
B.Friends share similar eating habits.
C.Friends are more important than family members.
D.Friends affected each others’feelings of fatness.
34.Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?A.Social contact.
B.Genetic information.
C.Life style.
D.Environmental influences.
35.In what way iS obesity contagious and epidemic? A.SociaI networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
B.1ndividuals have genetically determined ranges ot weights.
C.Obesity can easily spread from one lto another without any physical contact.
D.Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many lndividuals in an area or a population at the same time.
Natural Medicine
Since earliest days，humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. Thev were successful long before the time of modem medicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny(發(fā)亮的)instruments.Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university—educated doctors.Nor do they have expensire hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.how?By ancient methods.By medicines that might seem mysterious，even magical(有魔力的).Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical，however.
Through the centuries，tribal(部落的)medicine men experimented with plants.They found manv useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists磁lieve many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today’s’most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80%of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not jUSt because people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them.In developed areas，few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many widely—used medicines are from ancient sources， especially plants.Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come，in one way or another，from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals that help them survive.So scientists’interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concem.This is because the earth’s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
36.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were______.
A.much more successful than modern ones
B.successful in all cases
C.successful enough for humans to survive
D.of little help to humans
37.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.
B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.
38.It is believed by scientists that traditional medicine_______.
A.can cure all kinds of diseases
B.are no longer useful for modern men
C.may cu re some of today’s most serious diseases
D.are too cheap to be useful
39.What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A.Plants.
B.Factory—produced chemicals.
C.Modern medicines.
D.Strange and wonderful equipment.
40.It can be seen from the passage that the earth’s supply of natural medicines _______.
A.may never be exhausted
B.is surp risingly big
C.may be dropping rapidly
D.is as rich as ever
Quafity Education
A quality education is the ultimate tlberator.It can free people from poverty，giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It Can also free communities and countries，allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason.the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 2015 7 The answer is definitely“yes”，although it is a difficult task.If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the challenge becomes even more difficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises t0 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion. Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 0f the 88 countries at risk Can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher—performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.But this is attainable with creative solution，including use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，nstitutions and management.Where a country scores well on these criteria，foreign assistance Can be highly effective.
41.In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can_____.
A.free countries from foreign rules
B.speed up social progress
C.give people freedom
D.liberate people from any exploitation
42.Ideally，the goal of the program of Education for All is to_____by 2015.
A.get all the world’S children to complete primary school
B.enroll all the world’S children into primary school
C.give quality education to people of 88 countries
D.support those committed to transforming their education systems
43. countries are now at risk Of not achieving Education for AIl on the basis of completion rates.
A.32
B.59
C.29
D.88
44.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B.Improving the quality of education.
C.Using information technologies.
D.Building more primary schools.
45.As can be gathered from the last paragraph.foreign aid_____.
A.may not be highly effective
B.is provided only when some criteria are met
C.alone makes development possible
D.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46—50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原來位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Read with Greater Speed
Do you have difficulty reading in class? If so，a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.
At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read，even when the students are good at other subjects.______(46) Researchers from Yale University，US，studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State.As part of the study，37 struggling readers received special tutoring.
Every day，instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes(音素).______(47) By the end of the school year，these children could read faster than before.They also made fewer mistakes，and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.
As part of their study，the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students’brains.______ (48)This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read.Tllis activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly.In lower level readers，this structure remains inactive.
A year later，the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring，and they continued to do well in reading tests______ (49) However，some researchers silll doubt the study.______ (50)A.Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters.
B.The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.
C.The biggest challenge for many of these kids”scientists say，is matching sounds with Ietters.
D.Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn’t show the same progress.
E.The pictures showed an increase，in activity in the back Of the brain on the Ieft side.
F.They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。
Skill Cancer
Melanoma(黑素瘤)，the deadliest kind of skin cancer is now the most common cancer in (51) British women，the country’S leading cancer organization said Wednesday.Skin cancer has (52) cervical(子宮頸的)cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s，according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.
The trend is particularly (53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible(易患的)to melanoma.Rates of skin cancer are (54)highest in people over age 75.
But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be tlle (55) of a dangerous trend.Women in their 20s make (56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain，but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.
Based on current numbers Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth (57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024，and that cases will jump from about 90，000 cases a year to more than l5，500.
Cancer expegs (58)the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning saions.“Spending time on sun beds is just as (59) as staying out too long in the sun.”said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK.The organization is starting a SunSmart(60)to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed.
“The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10 (61) stronger than the midday sun，”Cerny said.
In the United States，several states require parental approval (62) minors Can use tanning salons.Wisconsin bans people l6 and (63) from using tanning beds，and others ban children under l4.At least 29 states have regulations governing minors use of tanning salons.
In the UK，Scottish politicians passed legislation banning these under 18 from using tanning beds，though it hasn’t yet been implemented.There are no plans for (64) in the rest of the UK. The world Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin.
Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be (65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.
51.A.young
B.married
C.middle—aged
D.elderly
52.A.overtaken
B.overseen
C.overlooked
D.overwhelmed
53.A.encouraging
B.misleading
C.worrying
D.booming
54.A.occasionally
B.hopefully
C.surprisingly
D.typically
55.A.line
B.point
C.turn
D.start
56.A.up
B.on
C.off
D.to
57.A.most
B.more
C.very
D.much
58.A.allocate
B.associate
C.contribute
D.attribute
59.A.ineffective
B.dangerous
C.exhausting
D.comfortable
60.A.execution
B.campaign
C.reaction
D.conquest
61.A.deg rees
B.ranks
C.times
D.steps
62.A.until
B.while
C.before
D.although
63.A.Iess
B.beneath
C.lower
D.under
64.A.debate
B.caution
C.1egislation
D.approval
65.A.avoided
B.diagnosed
C.predicted
D.treated
答案與解析
第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)
1.【答 案】A
【題 干】很難評估這個決策的重要性。
A.評估
B.評價
C.討論
D.報(bào)告
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線動詞assess的意思是“評估”，與evaluate，appraise 的意思相近，故本題選A。
2.【答 案】B
【題 干】你必須想法抹去對這些恐怖事件的記憶。
A.奇怪的
B.可怕的
C.不同尋常的
D.不公平的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞horribre的意思是“可怕的”，與terrible的意思相同，故本題答案為B。
3.【答 案】D
【題 干】由于校長的講話很長，典禮延長了10分鐘。
A.加速
B.擴(kuò)大
C.使豐富
D.加長
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線單詞prolon9的意思是“延長”，與lengthen的含義相近，故本題選D。
4.【答 案】D
【題 干】當(dāng)某人知道如果他使用了致命的物體來搶劫或者傷害他人會被監(jiān)禁時，他就會三思而后行。
A.被動的，消極的
B.一生的
C.不高興的
D.致命的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞deadly可以做副詞或者形容詞，意思是“致命的”，與fatal含義相同，故本題選D。
5.【答 案】D
【題 干】由于惡劣的天氣，旅行者們都駐足安營扎寨。
A.本土的
B.不熟悉的
C.好的
D.不利的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞adverse的意思是“不利的”，與D意思相近。
6.【答 案】A
【題 干】班里很多事情是老師不能忍受的。
A.忍受
B.貢獻(xiàn)
C.抵制
D.禁止
【解 析】本題考查動詞詞組。劃線詞組put up with的意思是“忍受，忍耐”，與tolerate的意思相近，故本題答案A。
7.【答 案】B
【題 干】她的行為十分幼稚。
A.簡單的
B.不成熟
C.漂亮的
D.漂亮的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞childish的意思是“幼稚的”，與immature意思相近，故本題選B。
8.【答 案】C
【題 干】勇敢的人思維敏捷，行動絕不拖泥帶水。
A.抱怨
B.考慮
C.延緩
D.焦慮
【解 析】本題考查名詞。劃線單詞hesitation的意思是“猶豫”，與delay的意思相近。
9.【答 案】C
【題 干】一個好老板會在不干涉員工創(chuàng)造性的情況下給出暗示。
A.自由
B.幫助
C.線索
D.資金
【解 析】本題考查名詞。劃線單詞hint的意思是“線索”，寫clue意思相同，故選C。
10.【答 案】A
【題 干】他很有魅力，但是我不太信任他。
A.但是
B.因此
C.盡管
D.后來
【解 析】本題考查副詞。劃線單詞nevertheless的意思是“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，與however的含義和用法相同，故本題選A。
11.【答 案】B
【題 干】幾百座高樓大廈被地震摧毀。
A.搖動
B.損壞
C.落下
D.跳起來
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線詞wreck意為“使遇難，破壞”，與damage意思相近，可知正確答案為B。
12.【答 案】D
【題 干】學(xué)術(shù)記錄不可以被復(fù)制。
A.買
B.購買
C.重寫
D.復(fù)印
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線詞duplicate意為“復(fù)制”，與copy意思相近，故本題正確答案為D。
13.【答 案】D
【題 干】我們有足夠的錢來旅游。
A.一些
B.幾乎沒有
C.額外
D.足夠
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線詞ample意為“充足的，大量的”，與enough含義相近，所以正確答案為D。
14.【答 案】C
【題 干】失敗并不可怕，因?yàn)樗芊e累有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
A.增加
B.傳播
C.收集
D.成長
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線詞accumulate意為“積累，堆積”，與collect意思相近，所以正確答案為C。
15.【答 案】B
【題 干】工會代表非常有效地解釋了她的觀點(diǎn)。
A.發(fā)明
B.解釋
C.考慮
D.接受
【解 析】本題考查動詞詞組。劃線詞組put across的意思是“解釋，陳述”，與explain意思相近，故本題選B。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16.【答 案】C
【題 干】從傳統(tǒng)意義上講，工人對管理沒有興趣。
【解 析】由traditional回到原文定位到第一段，文章第一段說在傳統(tǒng)上，工人的職責(zé)是干活，因而無法介入管理，但并沒有說工人對管理不感興趣。因此本題無從判斷正誤，C是正確答案。
17.【答 案】A
【題 干】近年來許多管理專家一直為兩大原因來爭論工人在管理中的角色。
【解 析】用in recent years回到原文定位，可知第一段說近年來一些企業(yè)管理專家指出應(yīng)該讓工人參與一些管理工作，一方面是因?yàn)檫@可以調(diào)動他們的積極性為工廠做貢獻(xiàn)，另一方面是因?yàn)楣芾韺幼龀龅闹卮鬀Q定對工人及其
家人的生活會產(chǎn)生重大影響。因此本題題干意思與原文相符。
18.【答 案】B
【題 干】由于決策是一個公司的商業(yè)機(jī)密，因此工人不應(yīng)該知情。
【解 析】由policy decision回到原文定位，第二段前兩句說工人應(yīng)當(dāng)參與管理，至少應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴工人工廠的重大決策。故本題題干與原文內(nèi)容不符，答案為B。
19.【答 案】B
【題 干】在工廠關(guān)閉之前，應(yīng)當(dāng)公告90天。
【解 析】通過數(shù)字回到原文定位，第二段倒數(shù)第四行說工廠在宣布破產(chǎn)關(guān)閉之前應(yīng)當(dāng)提前90天通知工人，以便讓他們有時間做一些調(diào)整。 “90 days’ notice”的意思是“提前90天通知”，而不是“貼出告示，并保留90天”。故本題與原文不符。答案為B。
20.【答 案】A
【題 干】工人對管理的參與或許會挽救工廠，使之不會倒閉。
【解 析】本題屬推理題。第二段末尾說如果讓工人參與管理工作，當(dāng)工廠出現(xiàn)危 機(jī)時工人可以獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策以提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本，而且他們還可能做出 一些讓步或犧牲以使工廠渡過難關(guān)。由此可以推斷，如果讓工人參與管 理，他們有時會拯救一家工廠，故本題選A。
21.【答 案】C
【題 干】讓員工參與管理的優(yōu)勢之一，在于改善勞資關(guān)系。
【解 析】文章最后一段列舉了讓工人參與管理的一系列好處，但并沒有明確提到 可以改善勞資關(guān)系。故無從判斷正誤，本題答案為C。
22.【答 案】B
【題 干】對一個高效且富有創(chuàng)造力的工人，可以給予任何獎勵，除了股份。
【解 析】最后一段倒數(shù)第四行說，作為一種鼓勵機(jī)制，可以讓工人分享一部分利 潤，具體可以通過股票持有權(quán)方案、紅利或者發(fā)效益獎的方式來獎勵那 些工作出色的工人。很明顯本題題干與原文不一致，故答案為B。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23.【答 案】C
【題 干】第二段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】該段的主題句是首句，解釋什么是stroke，(中風(fēng))，因此本題答案為c (中風(fēng)的定義和描述)。
24.【答 案】A
【題 干】第三段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】該段主題句為首句，解釋中風(fēng)會帶來什么樣的后果和影響，故A選項(xiàng) (中風(fēng)的影響)是正確答案。
25.【答 案】E
【題 干】第四段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】該段主題句為首句，講到造成中風(fēng)的幾個風(fēng)險因素(factors)，故為E (中風(fēng)的因素)是正確答案。
26.【答 案】D
【題 干】第五段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】該段沒有明顯的主題句，大意是“任何人任何時候都有可能中風(fēng)”，并且 多年來沒有治療的希望。但是最近有了治療方案的突破。故本題答案為 D(治療方案的突破)。
27.【答 案】B
【題 干】當(dāng)發(fā)生中風(fēng)時，連接大腦的動脈和大腦里面的動脈——。
【解 析】通過“arteries”回到原文定位到第二段第二句，It affects the arteries(動 脈)leading to and within the brain與B選項(xiàng)是同義改寫，故本題答案 為B。
28.【答 案】E
【題 干】一個人的視力可能會受到影響，如果中風(fēng)——。
【解 析】從第三段最后一句可知，如果中風(fēng)發(fā)生在腦的后部，人的視力會受到影 響，故本題答案為E。
29.【答 案】C
【題 干】一些人能減少中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險，如果他們——。
【解 析】第四段倒數(shù)第二句可知，有些因素是不能更改的，比如年齡的增長、家 庭病等，但是可以通過改變生活方式(lifestyle)來減少中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險，故 本題答案為C。
30.【答 案】A
【題 干】新的治療方案對那些——的人是可用的。
【解 析】從最后一段可知，有新的治療方案為患中風(fēng)的人所用，故本題答案為A。
第4部分：閱讀理解
31.【答 案】A
【題 干】對肥胖的人影響最大的因素是什么?
A.朋友
B.鄰居
C.家庭成員
D.同事
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。用最高級回到原文定位，可以在文章的第四段中找到。第四段 中提到，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)周圍朋友發(fā)胖時，人最容易發(fā)胖。而鄰居體重 增加或減少則不會對人產(chǎn)生影響，甚至家庭成員的影響也不如朋友大。 至于同事，文章中并沒有提到。故本題選A。
32.【答 案】C
【題 干】根據(jù)報(bào)道可知：關(guān)于朋友的影響的陳述中，哪一個是不正確的?
A.對肥胖的人來講，朋友的影響比家庭成員更大。
B.即使朋友離得很遠(yuǎn)，影響仍然存在。
C.當(dāng)人們有苗條的朋友時，不太可能發(fā)胖。
D.兩個親密的朋友間影響最大。
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。這道題考查的是朋友如何對肥胖產(chǎn)生影響。A選項(xiàng)說的是“朋 友產(chǎn)生的影響大于家庭成員”，是正確的;B選項(xiàng)在第五段第一句話有所 提及;第五段第二句符合D選項(xiàng)的意思;C選項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)的意思是相 反的，第六段第一句話就提到，朋友體重減輕也會產(chǎn)生同樣的效果，故 本題正確答案為C。
33.【答 案】D
【題 干】根據(jù)Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis的看法，哪一個是對朋友影響最大的解 釋?
A.朋友們經(jīng)�；ê芏鄷r間在一起。
B.朋友們擁有共同的飲食習(xí)慣。
C.朋友比家庭成員更重要。
D.朋友間相互影響對肥胖的認(rèn)知。
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis回到原文定位到第七段和第八 段，陳述了Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis對于這種現(xiàn)象的解釋：朋友之間對 于肥胖的感知是互相影響的。一個人的親密好友很胖，那么他對于什么 是可接受體型的態(tài)度也會發(fā)生改變，肥胖在他看來也不會很令人不快。
34.【答 案】C
【題 干】哪一個變胖的因素沒有在報(bào)道中被提到?
A.社會關(guān)系
B.基因信息
C.生活方式
D.環(huán)境影響
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題只能用選項(xiàng)來定位。該題考查的是文中提到的導(dǎo)致人肥胖 的因素。第九段和第十段主要分析了社會關(guān)系對肥胖的影響，第十一段 和第十二段說的是遺傳因素，同時也提到環(huán)境因素在遺傳的基礎(chǔ)上對人 的體重也起很重要的作用，至于C選項(xiàng)的生活方式，文中并沒有提到。 故本題選C。
35.【答 案】A
【題 干】在什么意義上，肥胖是可傳染的?
A.社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得肥胖迅速擴(kuò)展。
B.個體的體重范圍是基因決定的。
C.肥胖很容易在沒有身體接觸的情況下傳染開來。
D.在一個地區(qū)或者群體內(nèi)，肥胖能通過影響和傳染，在同一時間進(jìn)行迅 速而廣泛地傳播。
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題問的是為什么說肥胖具有傳染性。A選項(xiàng)說的是因?yàn)樯鐣?關(guān)系網(wǎng)的原因，肥胖傳播得很快，這是文章的本意。而C、D兩個選項(xiàng)都 是平常意義上的“傳染”，指疾病可以通過接觸而傳染或能夠在一個地區(qū) 或人群中迅速廣泛地蔓延。B選項(xiàng)與題意無關(guān)。
36.【答 案】C
【題 干】本文暗示治療傷害和疾病的古代藥物是——。
A.比現(xiàn)代藥物更成功
B.在所有病例下都很成功
C.很成功，可以讓人類生存下去
D.對人類沒什么幫助
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。利用ancient treatments作為答案線索詞，這樣在第一段中找到直
接答案相關(guān)句(Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely)，意思是“古代對于身 體受傷和疾病的治療一直都是很成功的，這些治療方法足以讓人類免于 完全滅亡”，故本題答案為C。
37.【答 案】B
【題 干】下列哪一個陳述是錯的?
A.很多大型現(xiàn)代的醫(yī)院很昂貴。
B.現(xiàn)代藥品在全世界都能買到。
C.傳統(tǒng)藥物既不神秘也沒有魔力。
D.人類自從早期開始就使用了某些藥物。
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。借助原文第三段第一句可知，“世界上許多地方仍然有沒有經(jīng)過 大學(xué)教育的醫(yī)生。這些地方也沒有昂貴的醫(yī)院”，判斷B錯誤。借助常識 和備選項(xiàng)中的用詞(用了語義絕對的詞)判斷B(說法太絕對)是答案，故本題選B。
38.【答 案】C
【題 干】科學(xué)家們相信傳統(tǒng)藥物——。
A.能治療百病
B.對現(xiàn)代人不再有用
C.能治愈一些現(xiàn)在最嚴(yán)重的病
D.太便宜，沒什么用
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。利用scientists作為答案線索詞，這樣找到直接答案相關(guān)句：And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today’S most serious diseases，大意為“科學(xué)家相信這些傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī) 藥能為一些今天最嚴(yán)重的疾病提供治療”，故本題答案為C。
39.【答 案】A
【題 干】現(xiàn)在世界上大多數(shù)人使用什么來保健?
A.植物。
B.工廠生產(chǎn)的化學(xué)物品。
C.現(xiàn)代藥品。
D.奇怪并奇妙的設(shè)備。
【解 析】總結(jié)歸納題。圍繞文章主題(文章標(biāo)題namral medicine)直接選擇答案， 故本題答案為A。
40.【答 案】C
【題 干】從文中可以推理得知，地球上天然藥物的供給是——。
A.永遠(yuǎn)耗之不竭
B.驚人的多
C.會迅速減少
D.和以往一樣豐富
【解 析】推理題。利用the earth’s supply of natural medicines作為答案線索詞，這 樣找到直接答案相關(guān)句：This is because the earth’s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly，大意是“這是因?yàn)榈厍蛏蠈μ烊徊菟?的供應(yīng)可能會顯著下降”，故本題答案為C。
41.【答 案】B
【題 干】第一段中，作者認(rèn)為素質(zhì)教育能夠——。
A.將國家從外國統(tǒng)治中解放出來
B.加速社會發(fā)展
C.給人們自由
D.將人們從剝削中解放出來
【解 析】推斷題，從第一段中我們看到leap forward和wealth and social unity等詞， 因此可以推斷“優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育能夠加速社會的進(jìn)步”。故答案為B。
42.【答 案】B
【題 干】在理想狀態(tài)下，“全民教育”計(jì)劃的目的是截止到2015——。
A.讓世界所有的孩子都能完成初等教育
B.讓所有孩子都能入學(xué)
C.在88個國家中實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育
D.給予致力于改變教育體制的人支持
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。用Education for All和2015回到原文定位，根據(jù)文章第二段中 “…getting all the world’S children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.”可看出，其目的是使全世界兒 童都能入學(xué)。故答案為B。
43.【答 案】D
【題 干】——國家現(xiàn)在有完不成“全民教育”目標(biāo)的風(fēng)險。
A.32
B.59
C.29
D.
88 【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)數(shù)字回到原文定位，根據(jù)文章第三段中“The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.”可以判斷出有88個國家 在達(dá)到目標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上有困難。故答案為D。
44.【答 案】D
【題 干】根據(jù)本文觀點(diǎn)，下列哪一項(xiàng)正確的策略未提及?
A.提高教育體制的效率
B.提高教育質(zhì)量
C.使用信息科技
D.建立更多小學(xué)
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)出題順序和right policy回到原文定位，第四段中提到了 efficiency，quality和information technologies，只有D項(xiàng)沒有被提到。故 答案為D。
45.【答 案】A
【題 干】從最后一段可總結(jié)得知，外國援助——。
A.或許不會很有效
B.只有達(dá)到某些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時才會被提供
C.自身就可以讓發(fā)展變得可能
D.對那些落后很多的國家是最有效的
【解 析】細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段認(rèn)為“當(dāng)一個國家的政策、制度、管理等方面做得很好后，國際社會的援助才會有效”，言外之意是國際社會的援助不一定非 常有效。故答案為A。B選項(xiàng)混淆性最大，外國援助是達(dá)到某些條件后才 會有效，而不是才會被提供，偷換了概念，故不是正確答案。
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文
46.【答 案】C
【解 析】空格前提到小學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)trouble(問題)，空格處應(yīng)該填入什么樣的問題 才符合語義。故本題答案為C(科學(xué)家們說，這些孩子最大的挑戰(zhàn)是如 何將發(fā)音和字母匹配起來)。
47.【答 案】B
【解 析】空格前講到指導(dǎo)者每天都與孩子們一起學(xué)習(xí)拼寫如何代表因素的組合， 空格處應(yīng)該順承語義講到孩子們?nèi)绾闻浜现笇?dǎo)者，故B選項(xiàng)(學(xué)生也練 習(xí)拼寫和大聲朗讀)是正確答案。
48.【答 案】E
【解 析】空格前講到科學(xué)家們使用了一種特殊機(jī)器來記錄學(xué)生們大腦的活動。空 格處應(yīng)該填入記錄的內(nèi)容和顯示的結(jié)果。E選項(xiàng)(圖片顯示了左腦后部 的活動增加)符合語義走向，故本題答案為E。
49.【答 案】D
【解 析】空格前講到研究者使用了特殊的方法(special tutoring)來讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)課 程，那么空格后選擇p選項(xiàng)(另一種進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式的小組沒有同樣 的進(jìn)步)是正確的。go through的意思是“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”。
50.【答 案】F
【解 析】空格前講到有的科學(xué)家仍然懷疑這個結(jié)果，空格處應(yīng)該順承他們對什么 樣的方式認(rèn)可，因此F選項(xiàng)(他們認(rèn)為默讀或者將詞和音聯(lián)系起來更為 有效)是正確答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答 案】A
【題 干】黑素瘤，最致命的一種皮膚癌黑色素瘤，在——英國婦女中是最為 常見的癌癥。
A.年輕的
B.已婚的
C.中年的
D.年長的，年老的
【解 析】考查形容詞。本題考查的是對句子含義的理解。由第一段的最后一句可 知，這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)是關(guān)于20多歲的年輕女子的，所以正確答案為A。
52.【答 案】A
【題 干】皮膚癌已經(jīng)——宮頸癌，成為危害20多歲女性的最大癌癥殺手。
A.趕上，超過
B.監(jiān)管，監(jiān)督
C.忽略，忽視
D.打擊，壓倒
【解 析】考查動詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，0vertake比較符合語境，所以正確答案 為A。
53.【答 案】C
【題 干】這一趨勢特別——，因?yàn)槟贻p人并不是最容易患黑素瘤的人群。
A.使人鼓舞的
B.令人誤解的，引入歧途的
C.令人擔(dān)心的
D.繁榮的，迅速發(fā)展的
【解 析】考查形容詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，worrying比較符合語境，其他幾個選項(xiàng) 不符合句意，所以正確答案為C。
54.【答 案】D
【題 干】皮膚癌的概率——在超過75歲的人群中最高。
A.偶然地
B.有希望地
C.令人驚訝地
D.通常地，典型地
【解 析】考查副詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，前一句講到年輕人患該病不同尋常，后一 句肯定要講通常情況是如何的。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，typically比較符合語 境，其他幾個選項(xiàng)不符合句意，所以正確答案為D。
55.【答 案】D
【題 干】專家擔(dān)心越來越多的年輕人被診斷患有皮膚癌也許是一個危險的趨勢的 ——.
A.線，界線
B.觀點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)
C.輪流，轉(zhuǎn)動
D.開始
【解 析】考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，start比較符合語境， 所以正確答案為D。
56.【答 案】A
【題 干】20多歲的年輕婦女占了被診斷為黑素瘤患者很少的比例。
A.往上
B.在……上
C.遠(yuǎn)離，結(jié)束
D.向著
【解 析】考查固定搭配。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，make up是固定搭配，意為“占 ……的比重”;make on“在某方面獲利”;make off“離開，逃走”; make to沒有這種搭配，所以正確答案為A。
57.【答 案】A
【題 干】英國癌癥研究會預(yù)測，到2024年黑素瘤將成為所有年齡段的男性和女性 中第四大癌癥。
A.最多的
B.更多的
C.很，完全
D.很多的
【解 析】考查固定搭配。序數(shù)詞跟形容詞或副詞最高級搭配，所以正確答案為A。
58.【答 案】D
【題 干】癌癥專家將皮膚癌病例的激增——對曬黑美容沙龍偏愛人數(shù)的增多。
A.分配
B.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)合
C.貢獻(xiàn)，捐助
D.把……歸于
【解 析】考查短語搭配。短語attribute to的意思是“歸因于”，所以答案為D。 allocate to(分配給……)，contribute to(貢獻(xiàn))，associate with(與……有聯(lián)系)。
59.【答 案】B
【題 干】花時間躺在太陽床上跟在太陽底下待的時間太長一樣是——。
A.無效的
B.危險的
C.筋疲力盡的
D.令人舒服的
【解 析】考查形容詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有選項(xiàng)dangerous最符合文意，所以 答案為B。
60.【答 案】B
【題 干】該研究會將開展“聰明的太陽——”來警告那些曬得太黑的英國人。
A.處死
B.運(yùn)動，斗爭
C.反應(yīng)
D.擊敗，征服
【解 析】考查名詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有campaign與文意符合，所以正確答 案為B。
61.【答 案】C
【題 干】一些太陽床上紫外線的密度比正午太陽的紫外線密度的十倍還多。
A.程度，度數(shù)
B.等級，階層
C.倍，次數(shù)
D.腳步，步驟
【解 析】考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，四個選瑣代入后，表示倍數(shù)的只有times， 所以正確答案為C。
62.【答 案】C
【題 干】在美國，一些州要求未成年人使用曬黑沙龍——要得到家長批準(zhǔn)。
A.直到……
B.當(dāng)……時，然而
C.在……之前
D.即使
【解 析】考查介詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，before比較符合語境，所以正確答案為C。
63.【答 案】D
【題 干】威斯康星州禁止16歲及以下兒童使用曬黑床，其他州禁止14歲及以下的 兒童。
A.更少的，較少的
B.在……之下
C.低的，下層的
D.低于，在……內(nèi)
【解 析】考查介詞。表示16歲以下只能用under，所以正確答案為D。
64.【答 案】C
【題 干】在英國的其他地方?jīng)]有——的計(jì)劃。
A.辯論，討論
B.警告，戒備
C.法律，法規(guī)
D.同意，批準(zhǔn)
【解 析】考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，拿英國的情況同美國做比較，英國除了蘇 格蘭外，其他地方并沒有相應(yīng)的立法，所以正確答案為c。
65.【答 案】A
【題 干】如果人們在太陽下采取正確的防范措施或避免使用曬黑床，大部分致命 的皮膚癌可以——。
A.避免
B.診斷
C.預(yù)測
D.治療
【解 析】考查動詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，avoid比較符合語境，故正確答案為A。
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