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2015年職稱英語考試（衛(wèi)生類A）考前押題試卷（第三套）
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1一15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
1.Medical facilities are being upgraded.
A.expanded
B.repaired
C.improved
D.transferred
2.Rock climbing is hazardous.
A.interesting
B.dangerous
C.attractive
D.useful
3.John is eligible for this job.
A.accepted
B.recommended
C.rejected
D.elected
4.In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production.
A.involve
B.decrease
C.speed up
D.give up
5.Mary looked pale and weary.
A.worried
B.ugly
C.silly
D.exhausted
6.Alice is a fascinating girl.
A.a beautiful
B.a pretty
C.an attractive
D.a pleasant
7.Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.
A.displayed
B.shown
C.proved
D.assessed
8.The old lady let her flat to an English couple.
A.offered
B.rented
C.provided
D.sold
9.She stood there crying and trembling with fear.
A.shaking
B.staggering
C.struggling
D.murmuring
10.They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.
A.ran
B.rolled
C.walked
D.raced
11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.
A sign
B.substitute
C.proof
D.target
12.However bad the situation is，the majority is unwilling to risk change.
A.reluctant
B.eager
C.pleased
D.angry
13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.
A.limit
B.control
C.replace
D.offset
14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A.deny
B.investigate
C.stress
D.create
15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A.gradually
B.suddenly
C.excessively
D.exceptionally
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory ; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players in each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse-racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
16. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題l分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1～4段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Earth Angels
1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (煙頭) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean with the help of others. Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice.cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris ( 殘片 ).
2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado. have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made decisions about among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.
3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water - a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue.Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites -tanks that hold up to 460 gallons -where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
4. Five years ago. 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it. " Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工 ), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
23. Paragraph 1________.
24. Paragraph 2________.
25. Paragraph 3________.
26. Paragraph 4________.
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig 0il Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to________.
28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to________.
29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to________.
30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to________.
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (壽命,) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's (嚙齒動物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness -- and hot necessarily diet--promotes long life in " calorie (熱量卡) restricted" animals.
"It's very cool work. " says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It's like heaven. "
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰島素) receptor (受體) gene in lab mice--but only in their fat cells. "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice，despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition.Their lifespan increased.The average control mouse rived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie.restricted animals.“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting.”
31.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_________.
A.offering them less food
B.giving them a balanced diet
C.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D.preventing them growing larger
32.According to the passage.we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking
in fewer calories partly because_________.
A.humans，worms and rodents are different
B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C.the effect is not known
D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
33.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less.
B.People want to go to heaven.but they do not want to die.
C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.
D.Mice enjoy losing weight.
34.The average modified mouse lived_________.
A.3 years
B.753 days
C.More than 3 years
D.887 days
35.What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A.It remains to be studied.
B.It has already been discovered.
C.Eating more leads to long life.
D.Eating less leads to long life.
Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(變得模糊不清)in today’S world.Consider some recent developments.The child，murderers in the Jonesboro schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced.Two boys，7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11一year-old girl in Chicago.
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will.Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts.though he tried to apologize.There may have been a motive—youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment.But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are.They wanted the girl’s bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids.
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity.How can value be restored to young fives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time.Despite horror at what was done，children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes，so does economic stress.That void，however，can be filled.The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools，t00，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So do youth enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守).
The goal，ultimately，is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far，but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on.
36.The two boys in Chicago were__________.
A.shot
B.murdered
C.accused
D.sentenced
37.The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of__________.
A.right and wrong
B.discipline
C.shame
D.safety
38.According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as__________.
A.murderers
B.criminals
C.victims
D.adults
39.Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A.Official corruption.
B.Social injustice.
C.Family stability.
D.Racial discrimination.
40.Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?
A.Parents should strengthen moral instruction.
B.Schools should help create a moral sense in children.
C.Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D.Youth organizations play no role in building character.
The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However，Surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖).This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body， and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.
The job of finding these dead bodies was carded out by an unpleasant group of people called“body snatchers”.They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and，using wooden shovels to make less noise。dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between￡5 and l0，which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had all agreement with them—they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from，as long as they kept arriving.
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig Up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up.they killed the poorer guests in Hare’s small hotel. Dr.Knox，the respected surgeon they worked for.never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled(勒死).
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because，unsurprisingly，the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke Was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately，his body Was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims.In one small way，Justice was done.
Now, over 150 years later，surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However.the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help.
41 The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that______•
A.some illnesses remained incurable
B.few people were willing to work as surgeons
C.medical expenses were too high
D.dead bodies were not easily available
42. The body snatchers used wooden shovels because ______
A.they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies
B.they wanted to keep the bodies to themselves
C.they were afraid of being caught
D.they were careful not to disturb anyone
43. Burk and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that______
A.they got other people to dig up bodies for them
B.they sold the bodies only to one surgeon
C.they dug up bodies not just from graveyards
D.they resorted to murder to get bodies
44. The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police because______
A.they had been stolen
B.they had been strangled
C.they had been dissected
D.they had been buried
45. The body thieves contributed in their gruesome way to______
A.medical advancement
B.legal progress
C.social stability
D.material wealth
第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. (46) .
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. (47) The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. (48) They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. (49) Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. ( 50 )
A.Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C.This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D.However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.
E.As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F.In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them - and, like all mammals, originated on land.There are many front flippers(鰭狀肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. (51) of this. Its Immense strength is (52) into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53) 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the ( 54 ) of eight knot (節(jié)).
An angry whale will (55) A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, (56) was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have (57) their plates buckled (使彎曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鯨) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crash them.
The greatest (58) of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the Bottom for his (59) food，the octopus(章魚).In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3200 feet，where the. (60) is l400 pounds，to a square inch.Doing so he will (61) underwater long as one hour.Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough (62) (all whales ale air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) .It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special (64) of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that (65) adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study，no one knows just how these things work.
51.A.aspects
B.signs
C.ways
D.reasons
52.A.worked
B.divided
C.built
D.moved
53.A.al
B.in
C.of
D.with
54.A.number
B.degree
C.distance
D.rate
55.A.abandon
B.attack
C.leave
D.board
56.A.as
B.who
C.which
D.that
57.A.had
B.operated
C.Seen
D.caught
58.A.interest
B.job
C.danger
D.mystery
59.A.favorite
B.fast
C.new
D.sufficient
60.A.depth
B.pressure
C.level
D.size
61.A.set
B.become
C.remain
D.rest.
62.A.heat
B.energy
C.food
D.oxygen
63.A.witnessed
B.determined
C.applied
D.calculated
64.A.system
B.place
C.arrangement
D.equipment
65.A.mentally
B.artificially
C.manually
D.automatically
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題l分，共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判
斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信
息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C
涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory ; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players in each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse-racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
16. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題l分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選
項中為第1～4段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選
項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Earth Angels
1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (煙頭) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean with the help of others. Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice.cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris ( 殘片 ).
2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado. have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made decisions about among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.
3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water - a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue.Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites -tanks that hold up to 460 gallons -where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
4. Five years ago. 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it. " Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工 ), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
23. Paragraph 1________.
24. Paragraph 2________.
25. Paragraph 3________.
26. Paragraph 4________.
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig 0il Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to________.
28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to________.
29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to________.
30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to________.
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)
容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (壽命,) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's (嚙齒動物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness -- and hot necessarily diet--promotes long life in " calorie (熱量卡) restricted" animals.
"It's very cool work. " says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It's like heaven. "
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰島素) receptor (受體) gene in lab mice--but only in their fat cells. "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice，despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition.Their lifespan increased.The average control mouse rived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie.restricted animals.“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting.”
31.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_________.
A.offering them less food
B.giving them a balanced diet
C.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D.preventing them growing larger
32.According to the passage.we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking
in fewer calories partly because_________.
A.humans，worms and rodents are different
B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C.the effect is not known
D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
33.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less.
B.People want to go to heaven.but they do not want to die.
C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.
D.Mice enjoy losing weight.
34.The average modified mouse lived_________.
A.3 years
B.753 days
C.More than 3 years
D.887 days
35.What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A.It remains to be studied.
B.It has already been discovered.
C.Eating more leads to long life.
D.Eating less leads to long life.
Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(變得模糊不清)in today’S world.Consider
some recent developments.The child，murderers in the Jonesboro schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced.Two boys，7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11一year-old girl in Chicago.
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will.Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts.though he tried to apologize.There may have been a motive—youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment.But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are.They wanted the girl’s bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids.
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity.How can value be restored to young fives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time.Despite horror at what was done，children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes，so does economic stress.That void，however，can be filled.The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools，t00，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So do youth enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守).
The goal，ultimately，is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far，but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on.
36.The two boys in Chicago were__________.
A.shot
B.murdered
C.accused
D.sentenced
37.The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of__________.
A.right and wrong
B.discipline
C.shame
D.safety
38.According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as__________.
A.murderers
B.criminals
C.victims
D.adults
39.Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A.Official corruption.
B.Social injustice.
C.Family stability.
D.Racial discrimination.
40.Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?
A.Parents should strengthen moral instruction.
B.Schools should help create a moral sense in children.
C.Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D.Youth organizations play no role in building character.
The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However，Surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖).This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body， and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.
The job of finding these dead bodies was carded out by an unpleasant group of people called“body snatchers”.They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and，using wooden shovels to make less noise。dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between￡5 and l0，which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had all agreement with them—they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from，as long as they kept arriving.
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig Up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up.they killed the poorer guests in Hare’s small hotel. Dr.Knox，the respected surgeon they worked for.never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled(勒死).
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because，unsurprisingly，the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke Was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately，his body Was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims.In one small way，Justice was done.
Now, over 150 years later，surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However.the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help.
41 The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that______•
A.some illnesses remained incurable
B.few people were willing to work as surgeons
C.medical expenses were too high
D.dead bodies were not easily available
42. The body snatchers used wooden shovels because ______
A.they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies
B.they wanted to keep the bodies to themselves
C.they were afraid of being caught
D.they were careful not to disturb anyone
43. Burk and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that______
A.they got other people to dig up bodies for them
B.they sold the bodies only to one surgeon
C.they dug up bodies not just from graveyards
D.they resorted to murder to get bodies
44. The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police because______
A.they had been stolen
B.they had been strangled
C.they had been dissected
D.they had been buried
45. The body thieves contributed in their gruesome way to______
A.medical advancement
B.legal progress
C.social stability
D.material wealth
第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇
5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)
的位置上。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. (46) .
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. (47) The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. (48) They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. (49) Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. ( 50 )
A.Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C.This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D.However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.
E.As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F.In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容
從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them - and, like all mammals, originated on land.There are many front flippers(鰭狀肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. (51) of this. Its Immense strength is (52) into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53) 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the ( 54 ) of eight knot (節(jié)).
An angry whale will (55) A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, (56) was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have (57) their plates buckled (使彎曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鯨) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crash them.
The greatest (58) of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the Bottom for his (59) food，the octopus(章魚).In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3200 feet，where the. (60) is l400 pounds，to a square inch.Doing so he will (61) underwater long as one hour.Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough (62) (all whales ale air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) .It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special (64) of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that (65) adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study，no one knows just how these things work.
51.A.aspects
B.signs
C.ways
D.reasons
52.A.worked
B.divided
C.built
D.moved
53.A.al
B.in
C.of
D.with
54.A.number
B.degree
C.distance
D.rate
55.A.abandon
B.attack
C.leave
D.board
56.A.as
B.who
C.which
D.that
57.A.had
B.operated
C.Seen
D.caught
58.A.interest
B.job
C.danger
D.mystery
59.A.favorite
B.fast
C.new
D.sufficient
60.A.depth
B.pressure
C.level
D.size
61.A.set
B.become
C.remain
D.rest.
62.A.heat
B.energy
C.food
D.oxygen
63.A.witnessed
B.determined
C.applied
D.calculated
64.A.system
B.place
C.arrangement
D.equipment
65.A.mentally
B.artificially
C.manually
D.automatically
參考答案與解析
第1部分：詞匯選項
1.【答案】C
【題干】醫(yī)療設(shè)備正在更新。
A.擴展，發(fā)展
B.恢復(fù)，修理
C.改善，提升
D.轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞upgrade意為“升級，更新”，所以正確答案為C。
2.【答案】 B
【題干】攀巖很危險。
A.有趣的
B.危險的
C.有吸引力的，有魅力的
D.有用的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞hazardous意為“危險的”，所以正確答案為B。
3.【答案】B
【題干】John工作很稱職。
A.被接受的，被同意的
B.被推薦的
C.被拒絕的，排斥的
D.被選出的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞eligible意為“合格的，有資格當(dāng)選的”，所以正確答案為B。本題屬于劃線詞與正確選項并非同義詞或者近義詞。而是基本含義相同并能使句子通順的單詞替換
4.【答案】C
【題干】為了提高生活水平，我們必須加快生產(chǎn)。
A.包含，使參與
B.減少
C.加快，加速
D.放棄
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞accelerate意為“加快”，所以正確答案為C。
5.【答案】D
【題干】Mary看上去面色蒼白，很疲倦。
A.擔(dān)心的
B.丑陋的，難看的
C.糊涂的，不明事理的
D.筋疲力盡的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞weary意為“疲倦的，萎靡的”，所以正確答案為D。
6.【答案】 C
【題干】Alice是個很迷人的女孩。
A.美麗的
B.漂亮的
C.吸引人的，有魅力的
D.令人愉快的，舒適的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞fascinating意為“迷人的，令人著迷的”，不只是強調(diào)外表的美麗，在意思上與attractive更接近，所以答案為C。
7.【答案】D
【題干】她的情緒可以通過她對一些瑣事的反應(yīng)予以判定。
A.展示，顯示，陳列
B.展示，給予
C.證明
D.評估
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞gauge意為“測量，估計”，在語義上同assess比較接近，故答案為D。
8.【答案】B
【題干】這個老太太將她的公寓租給了一對英國夫妻。
A.提供，給
B.租
C.提供
D.買
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞let意為“讓，租”，在語義上同rent比較接近，故正確答案為B。
9.【答案】A
【題干】她站在那里因恐懼而大哭，而且嚇得全身發(fā)抖。
A.搖動，震動
B.蹣跚
C.掙扎，努力
D.低聲說，低聲抱怨
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞tremble意為“發(fā)抖，戰(zhàn)栗”，與shake在語義上比較接近，所以正確答案為A。
10.【答案】C
【題干】他們繞著湖散步，走了大約一小時。
A.跑，經(jīng)營
B.卷
C.走，散步
D.跑
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞stroll意為“散步，閑逛”，與walk同義，故正確答案為C。
11.【答案】A
【題干】一面紅色的旗子放在那里，是作為危險的標志。
A.標志
B.替代物
C.證據(jù)，證明
D.目標
【解析】考查名詞。題干劃線詞token意為“符號，標志，表征”，與sign語義相近，所以答案為A。
12.【答案】A。
【題干】無論情況多糟糕，多數(shù)人都不愿意冒改革的風(fēng)險。
A.不情愿的
B.熱切的，急切的
C.高興的
D.生氣的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞unwilling意為“不愿意”，與reluctant為同義詞，所以正確答案為A。
13.【答案】B
【題干】據(jù)說行動方案提供了行動的新方向，而不僅僅是控制或擴大舊的。
A.限制
B.控制
C.替代，替換
D.抵消，彌補
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞regulate意為“調(diào)節(jié)，固定，控制”，與control為同義詞，故答案為B。
14.【答案】B
【題干】秘書長應(yīng)該探究這個地區(qū)戰(zhàn)后重建的問題。
A.否認
B.調(diào)查，研究
C.強調(diào)
D.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)新
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞explore意為“探索，探究”，與investigate意思上比較一致,所以答案為B。
15.【答案】A
【題干】沿海地區(qū)勞動力成本的穩(wěn)步增長已經(jīng)增加了船運貨物的成本。
A.逐漸地
B.突然地
C.過量地，過分地
D.異常地，例外地
【解析】考查副詞。劃線詞steadily意為“穩(wěn)定地，穩(wěn)步地”，在語義上同gradually比較接近，所以答案為A。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16.【答案】C
【題干】打獵和釣魚主要受到美國男人、年輕人和老人的喜歡。
【解析】利用題干中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)hunting and fishing和并列結(jié)構(gòu)men，young and old作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句為首段第二句。句中并沒有提到men，young and old，根據(jù)該相關(guān)句及相鄰句子的句意不能推導(dǎo)出題干但也不能反駁題干的句意，所以選擇C。
17.【答案】A
【題干】職業(yè)棒球隊在春天和夏天的賽季之后還可以繼續(xù)在秋天打很長時間的球。
【解析】利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer作為答案線索，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句為第二段首句。該句句意與問題句一致，該題主要是考查well into the fall(一直到秋季)結(jié)構(gòu)的含義。
18.【答案】A
【題干】棒球和英國的板球有很多共同之處。
【解析】利用題干中的線索詞baseball和cricket去尋找答案相關(guān)句：可以發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段第二句為相關(guān)句。該句的句意為“與棒球運動最接近的就是英國的板球”，與題干的句意一致，選擇A。
19.【答案】A
【題干】足球是一種觀賞類體育項目。
【解析】利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞football和spectator sport作為答案線索找到答案相關(guān)句：第一段最后一句。既然最大的足球體育館能容納下80000觀眾，那么根據(jù)spectator sports(觀賞性運動)的定義，足球應(yīng)該是spectator sports。
20.【答案】B
【題干】與足球相比，許多美國人更喜歡棒球，因為足球比較激烈而且還要穿特殊的服裝。
【解析】利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞basketball和football作為答案線索找到答案相關(guān)句：在第四段，可知美國人喜歡棒球是因為其在冬天也可以玩，而且是速度類項目。題干的說法與該相關(guān)句的說法不一致，故選B。
21.【答案】C
【題干】美國的棒球在大學(xué)很流行，以至于全國的大學(xué)每年都舉辦比賽。
【解析】利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞nationwide university matches進行定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章未提及。
22【答案】A
【題干】賽馬迷們不被認為是運動愛好者是因為他們的觀眾的首要興趣是賭博。
【解析】利用題干中的horse—racing fans作為答案線索，找到相關(guān)句：題干在文章末段。根據(jù)相關(guān)句群的句意(賽馬比賽的吸引人之處是賭博，賽馬迷只是對賭博感興趣)，得出題干的說法與這些相關(guān)句的說法一致，故選A。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23.【答案】D
【題干】第一段的段落大意為________。
【解析】本文的標題是“地球的天使”，主題是環(huán)保，介紹的是幾個孩子如何以自己的行動來從事環(huán)保事業(yè)。第一段主要介紹Joying Brescia這個8歲的孩子是怎樣從事環(huán)保工作的。細節(jié)內(nèi)容是，她發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人在海灘上丟煙頭，便籌集錢買來很多塑料桶，放在海灘上，提醒人們把煙頭扔進桶里。選項D(不要亂扔垃圾)概括了這段的意思，作為第一段的小標題最合適，所以選項D為正確答案。
24.【答案】 F
【題干】第二段的段落大意為________。
【解析】第二段主要講一名叫Carter Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保護一片濕地與其里面的珍奇動物的事情。選項F的意思是“保護野生動物”，正好概括了這段的意思，所以選項F為正確答案。
25.【答案】E
【題干】第三段的段落大意為________。
【解析】第三段主要講一個名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友發(fā)現(xiàn)廢棄的油污對土地污染嚴重，提醒人們不要隨便丟棄油污。原文中的“Don’t Be Crude”就是這個意思，與選項E相同，所以選項E為正確答案。
26.【答案】A
【題干】第四段的段落大意為________。
【解析】第四段主要介紹一名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子通過打零工掙來的錢以及通過其他方式籌來的錢，成立的“水井基金”(Well Foundation)，幫助非洲人喝上干凈的水。選項A(Provide Clean Water)的意思是“提供清潔的水”，與本段主題一致，所以選項A為正確答案。
27.【答案】E
【題干】Joying把一些桶放在公共場所的目的是什么?
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Joying可以定位到第一段，結(jié)合第一段的意思，我們知道這些桶是用來收集煙蒂的，所以選項E(收集煙蒂)為正確答案。
28.【答案】B。
【題干】人們感謝Carter Dunham所做的什么努力?
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Carter Dunham可以定位到第二段，第二段談到的是他為保護濕地和野生動物作出了自己的貢獻，所以選項B(保護濕地和動物)為正確答案。
29.【答案】A
【題干】廢棄的油回收后可以用來干什么?
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞disposed oil可以定位到第三段，提到利用廢棄的油制作新的東西。所以A(制作新材料)為正確答案。
30.【答案】D
【題干】Ryan和他的朋友一起實現(xiàn)幫助非洲人們________夢想。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Ryan可以定位到第四段，第四段主要講到讓他們喝上干凈的水，所以選項D(飲用干凈水)為正確答案。
第4部分：閱讀理解
31.【答案】e
【題干】Ronald Kahn和他的同事通過________讓老鼠活得更長。
A.給它們較少的食物
B.給它們平衡的飲食
C.打亂它們脂肪細胞中的某些基因
D.阻止它們長大
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Ronald Kahn和live longer可定位到第二段“Ronald Kahn and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan of mice by 18 percent by blocking the rodent’S(嚙齒動物)increase of fat in specific cells”，即“Ronald Kahn和他的同事能延長老鼠的壽命達18%，是通過阻止特定細胞中脂肪的增長”，故C為正確答案。
32.【答案】B
【題干】根據(jù)短文，我們不知道人們是否將受益于吸收較少的熱量(卡路里)，因為________。
A.人類、蟲子和嚙齒類動物是不一樣的
B.多數(shù)人不愿意這樣接受嚴格的飲食
C.影響還未可知
D.組織中基因的改變不能在人類身體上進行
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段“Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet”，即“是否這也對人起作用還未可知，部分地因為幾乎沒有人愿意接受這樣嚴格的飲食”，所以B為正確答案。
33.【答案】A
【題干】第三段的最后一句隱含了什么?
A.人們喜歡減肥，但不喜歡少吃。
B.人們想去天堂，但是不愿意死。
C.老鼠如果減肥就可以進天堂。
D.老鼠喜歡減肥。
【解析】推斷題。第三段的最后一個句子是“these mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longer.It’s like heaven”，即“這些老鼠可以敞開吃，不會發(fā)胖，還能長壽。這就像進入天堂一樣。”這實際上是道出了人的心聲，由此答案為A。
34.【答案】D
【題干】那些基因改進過的老鼠活了________。
A.3年
B.753天
C.3年多
D.887天
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題目關(guān)鍵詞safety和manufacturing company等可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段“The average control mouse lived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days”，即“在普通控制下的老鼠活了753天，而那些瘦的則平均壽命達到887天”，所以正確答案為D。
35.【答案】A
【題干】從短文關(guān)于長壽的方法可以推斷出什么?
A. 仍有待研究。
B. B.已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
C. C.多吃會長壽。
D. D.少吃會長壽。
【解析】推斷題。從文章的最后兩段我們可以感到對Kahn的試驗，同行中是有不同意見的，至少到目前為止還不能說已經(jīng)找到了延長壽命的方法，由此推斷答案為A。
36.【答案】C
【題干】芝加哥的這兩個男孩被________。
A.槍殺
B.謀殺
C.指控
D.判刑
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞two boys和Chicago可以定位到第一段“Two boys，7 arid 8，were charged in the murder of all 11-year—old girl in Chicago”，即“兩個男孩，分別為7歲和8歲，被指控謀殺了一個11歲的女孩”，由此可知，C為正確答案。
37.【答案】A
【題干】Jonesboro and Chicago的男孩們明顯缺少 感。
A.是非，對錯
B.紀律，學(xué)科
C.羞恥
D.安全
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Jonesboro and Chicago和lack of可以定位到第二段“Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint?”即“為什么這些孩子和其他相同境遇的孩子缺少一些內(nèi)心的道德約束呢?”所以正確答案為A，即孩子們不能明辨是非。
38.【答案】D
【題干】根據(jù)一些政治家的說法，當(dāng)孩子犯罪的時候，他們應(yīng)該獲得與________一樣的對待。
A.謀殺犯
B.罪犯
C.受害人
D.成人
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞politician和treat可以定位到第四段“It That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point”，即“這就是為什么有的政治家呼吁對年輕人實行同成人一樣的對待時就忽略了這一點”，可知答案為D。
39.【答案】C
【題干】下列哪一項被作者認為是道德真空的緣由之一?
A.官員腐敗。
B.社會不公正。
C.家庭不穩(wěn)定
D.種族歧視。
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞moral void和sourcs可以定位到第五段“But the moral void that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes，so does economic stress.”意為“導(dǎo)致暴力的道德真空有很多緣由。家庭不穩(wěn)定是一個原因，經(jīng)歷壓力也是一個原因。”據(jù)此可知C為正確答案。
40.【答案】D
【題干】下列哪一項是不正確的?
A.父母應(yīng)該加強道德教育。
B.學(xué)校要幫助孩子確立道德感。
C.法律執(zhí)行單位應(yīng)更多地幫助孩子理解法律。
D.青年組織在培養(yǎng)青年人的品行方面沒有作用。
【解析】判斷題。該題無法利用題干進行定位，因為題干中沒有關(guān)鍵詞，在這種情況下，可以改為定位選項。分別利用每個選項的關(guān)鍵詞進行定位。發(fā)現(xiàn)D項與原文不符，利用youth organization可以定位到第六段“Schools，too，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.”即“學(xué)校在培養(yǎng)孩子品行方面有很大作用，青年組織也是如此。”所以答案為D。
41.【答案】D
【題干】英國外科醫(yī)生在19世紀初所面臨的問題是________。
A.一些疾病仍然無法治愈
B.很少人愿意做外科醫(yī)生的工作
C.醫(yī)療費用過高
D.尸體不容易獲得
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞problem和surgeons可以定位到文章第一段第四句和第五句“However，Surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect.”意為“然而，外科醫(yī)生面臨一個問題。他們需要用于解剖的尸體。”所以選項D為正確答案。
42.【答案】C
【題干】盜尸者用木鏟是因為________。
A.他們不希望破壞尸體
B.他們想將尸體據(jù)為己有
C.他們害怕被抓
D.他們很小心，不想打擾到別人
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞wooden shovels可以定位到文章第二段第二句“They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and using wooden shovels to make less noise.”意為“他們在夜間走進墓地，用木鏟使噪聲更低。”這些盜尸者惟恐被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此才使用木鏟，所以選項C為正確答案。
43.【答案】D
【題干】Burk and Hare不同于其他盜尸者________。
A.他們讓其他人幫他們挖尸體
B.他們只將尸體賣給同一個外科醫(yī)生
C.他們不只是從墓地挖尸體
D.他們采取謀殺來獲得尸體
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Burke and Hare可以定位到文章第三段“Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies.Instead of digging them up，they killed the poorer guests in Hare’S small hotel.”意為“Burke and Hare與其他盜尸者不同，他們不只是從墓地挖尸體。他們變得貪婪，并想采取所有簡單的方法來找到尸體。代替挖尸體，他們殺了在Hare的小酒店里較窮的客人。”所以選項D是正確答案。
44.【答案】c
【題干】Burke and Hare謀殺的受害者的尸體無法被警方發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為________。
A.他們已經(jīng)被偷走了
B.他們已經(jīng)被勒死了
C.他們已經(jīng)被解剖了
D.他們已經(jīng)被埋葬了【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Burke and Hare和police定位到文章第四段倒數(shù)
第二句“Appropriately，his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims.”意為“適當(dāng)?shù)�，他的身體被給予了醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校，他最終在解剖臺上結(jié)束了其一生，就像他的受試者。”由此可知，警察之所以發(fā)現(xiàn)不了受害者的尸體是因為尸體賣掉后都被解剖了，所以選項C正確。
45.【答案】A
【題干】盜尸者以其可怕的方式對——做出了貢獻。
A. 醫(yī)學(xué)的進步
B. B.法律的進步
C. C.社會穩(wěn)定
D. D.物質(zhì)財富
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞gruesome定位到文中最后一段最后一句“How-ever，the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help.”意為“但是，沒有這些令人毛骨悚然的方式。外科醫(yī)學(xué)就不能發(fā)展。”所以選項A為正確答案。
第5部分：補全短文
A.雖然，最近科學(xué)家在研究了一大群非吸煙者后，改變了他們的觀點。
B.Gilsons已經(jīng)結(jié)婚35年了。
C.這種煙被稱為二手煙。
D.然而，二手煙對所有人都有危害，包括年輕人和老人。
E.因此，他們已經(jīng)通過了法律，禁止人們在許多公共場所吸煙。
F.在美國，900萬5歲以下的兒童生活在至少有一個吸煙者的家庭中。
46.【答案】B
【解析】從原文來看，前一句主要講Gilson與妻子Evelyn生活在一起，而Evelyn自打他們結(jié)婚以來一直是差不多每天一包煙。接下來顯然應(yīng)該接著說Gilson的事情。所以正確答案為選項B(Gilsons已經(jīng)結(jié)婚35年了)。
47.【答案】C
【解析】從原文來看，前一句提到，不吸煙者時常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應(yīng)該還是說關(guān)于這種煙的事情，所以選項C(這種煙被稱為二手煙)是正確答案。
48.【答案】A
【解析】從原文來看，前一句講的是科學(xué)家們過去對二手煙的看法，接下來應(yīng)選表示他們改變觀點的句子，因為下一句表明他們所持的觀點已與過去截然不同，所以正確答案為選項A(不過，最近科學(xué)家在研究了一大群非吸煙者后，改變了他們的觀點)。
49.【答案】F
【解析】從原文來看，前一句提到了兒童與二手煙的問題。接下來的句子自然仍然與兒童有關(guān)，所以選項F(在美國，900萬5歲以下的兒童生活在至少有一個吸煙者的家庭中)為正確答案。
50.【答案】E
【解析】從原文來看，前一句講的是人們逐漸意識到二手煙的危害性，因此接下來應(yīng)首選表示人們采取措施、禁止公共場所吸煙的句子，所以選項E(因此，他們已經(jīng)通過了法律，禁止人們在許多公共場所吸煙)為正確答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答案】B
【題干】有很多前端的鰭狀肢，用于轉(zhuǎn)向和穩(wěn)定性，是腳的痕跡，________了這點。
A.方面
B.符號，特征
C.方法
D.原因
【解析】考查詞匯。第一段講到鯨魚很像陸地上的哺乳動物，最后一句舉了一些例子來說明這一點。四個選項分別代入，sign(符號，特征)比較符合語境，鯨魚具有陸地上哺乳動物的一些特征，所以正確答案為B。
52.【答案】C
【題干】它的巨大的力量是________鯨魚龐大的身體的基礎(chǔ)，而事實上大部分鯨魚的身體是一塊巨大的肌肉。
A.工作，操作
B.劃分，分離
C.建造，建立
D.移動
【解析】考查詞匯。四個選項分別代入，something is built into…的意思是“把……
裝(建、插)入……”，這里指鯨魚具有巨大的氣力。其他三個選項語義不通，所以正確答案為C。
53.【答案】A
【題干】藍鯨身體的拉伸強度已估計________400馬力。
A.在
B.在……之內(nèi)
C.……的
D.隨著
【解析】考查介詞。只能用介詞at，不能用其他介詞，所以正確答案為A。
54.【答案】D
【題干】據(jù)報道，一只鯨魚將捕鯨船以________—拖拽七個小時。
A.數(shù)字
B.度，程度
C.距離
D.速度
【解析】考查狀語從句，四個選項分別代入，從上下文來講，rate(速度)最符合語義，所以正確答案為D。
55.【答案】B
【題干】被激怒的鯨魚將進行________。
A.放棄，廢棄
B.攻擊
C.離開
D.上(船、車或飛機)
【解析】考查詞匯。根據(jù)上下文語境，此處表達鯨魚被惹怒后會攻擊船只，故正確答案為B。
56.【答案】C
【題干】一個著名的例子，就是埃塞克斯捕鯨船的命運，________早在上個世紀
被擊沉在南美洲外海。
A.作為
B.誰
C.哪個
D.那一個
【解析】考查非限定性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞作主語，用which，所以正確答案為C。
57.【答案】A
【題干】鋼質(zhì)船舶以同樣的方式——使他們的板材彎曲。
A.有，具有
B.操作
C.看見
D.趕上，接住
【解析】考查詞匯。四個選項分別代入，“have+something+過去分詞”是一固定結(jié)構(gòu)，所以正確答案為A。
58.【答案】D
【題干】鯨魚最大的——就是它們的潛水能力。
A.興趣
B.工作
C.危險
D.謎，神秘
【解析】考查詞匯。根據(jù)上下文語境，本題所在句子為該段主題句，講的是鯨魚的潛水能力。鯨魚的潛水能力很強，能下潛到很深的地方，科學(xué)家們不解其原因，所以說是個謎，正確答案為D。
59.【答案】A
【題干】抹香鯨潛入水底為了它_______的食物—章魚。
A.喜愛的
B.快的
C.新的
D.重組的
【解析】考查詞匯。四個選項分別代入，雖然本題的四個選項都能與food搭配，但根據(jù)上下文語境，favorite(喜愛的)最符合文意，所以正確答案為A。
60.【答案】B
【題干】在那次探索中，他潛入水底3200英尺深，_______是1400磅每平方英尺。
A.深度
B.壓力
C.水平
D.尺寸
【解析】考查詞匯�？崭窈竺娴拿~是pound，重量單位，四個選項分別代入,其他三個選項不能和pound搭配，所以正確答案為B。
61.【答案】C
【題干】這樣做，它將只能_______水下一個小時。
A.放置，安置
B.成為，變得
C.留下，保持
D.休息，依靠
【解析】考查動詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，四個選項代入后，remain(留下)最符合語境，表示待在水下，其他三個動詞放入空格處意思講不通，所以正確答案為C。
62.【答案】D
【題干】這兩項特殊的技能能夠讓它存儲足夠的_______。
A.熱
B.能量
C.食物
D.氧氣
【解析】考查詞匯。根據(jù)上下文語境，這里指鯨魚聚集氧氣，所以正確答案為D。
63.【答案】B
【題干】它是如何做到的，科學(xué)家沒有_______。
A.目擊
B.決定，確定
C.應(yīng)用，運用
D.計算
【解析】考查詞匯。根據(jù)上下文語境，上文講到鯨魚為什么能夠在水下承受巨大的壓力，科學(xué)家們還沒有找到答案。四個選項分別代入，determine(確定)比較符合語境，其他三個選項講不通，所以正確答案為B。
64.【答案】A
【題干】據(jù)認為，一些氧儲存在特殊的_______。
A.系統(tǒng)，體系
B.座位，地方
C.安排
D.設(shè)備，裝備
【解析】考查詞匯。根據(jù)上下文語境，四個選項分別代入，special和幾個選項都可以搭配使用，但只有system(系統(tǒng)，體系)比較符合語境，所以正確答案為A。
65.【答案】D
【題干】它被認為是有一種特殊的油在它的頭部，作為某種補償機制，調(diào)整它身體的內(nèi)部壓力。
A.心理上
B.人工地
C.手工地
D.自動地
【解析】考查詞匯。根據(jù)上下文語境做出判斷。四個選項分別代入后。automatically(自動地)與文意相符，所以正確答案為D。
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