公共英語三級(jí)閱讀理解試題及答案
PETS第三級(jí)的閱讀量大于高教自考和大英四級(jí)的閱讀量，題型除了多項(xiàng)選擇還有選擇配伍，即要求考生閱讀幾個(gè)案例后選擇出相關(guān)的歸納總結(jié)句與各案例相匹配。下面是真題及答案分析，一起來看看吧。
SECTION IIIReading Comrehep
(40minutes)
Part A
Directions·
Read thefollowing three texts.Answer the questions on each text by choosing A，B，C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET。
Text 1
Back in the early 1990s，I knewlittle about computers beyond what it took to get through a workingday.But here’s what I did know：something huge washappening.It was stirring economies and imaginations and possibilities likenothing I had ever known.I knew the world was changing in ways that meant I shouldn’t counton old assumptions.And I knew I had dreams I still hadn’t fulfilled.But I didn’t knowhow to realize them until I met with my old friend，Rollys Rouse，when wehappened to move into the same neighborhood.
Rolly often called me with a stream of ideas.His rate ofidea production per second seemed al- most incredible.Soon we wereon the phone with each other every day.Talking about theInternet.
TalMng about starting a new onlinecompany-maybe together.
He was then developing a plan and he wanted me to be a part of it：we wouldgive people wonderful，whole electronic houses on a CD-ROM and let them modify those homesto their own needs.Try out different windows and doors，different paintcolors and furnishings.When they were satisfied，we would enable themto go online to make the project happen，to get the products
and the financing and the。professionaldesign and construction to help to do it outright.
BuildingBlocks was the name Rolly came up with for his new enterprise.Rolly tookthe plunge first.He simply dropped his profitable energy—consultingbusiness to commit himself full time to BuildingBlocks.I soonjoined him after I quit my well—paid job at a newspaper.
Together we developed a demo to show the features of our CD—ROM，“The NewAmerican Dream Home”.Then we took it to the annual convention of the National Associationof Home Builders in Boston.All the big companies were there showing off their。latestproducts.
To our delight，nearly everyone was eager to see what we were showing，.includingthe top executives of some enormous companies.When we left，we hadinvitations from them to come to their offices to tell them more aboutBuildingBlocks.
That was the start of my real lifetime dream and BuildBlocks，our company，has been prosperingever since.
46.By“somethinghuge was happening”，the writer refers to_________.
[A]housedesigning
[B]home decoration
[C]furnitureproduction
[D]high-tech development
47.The textshows that Rolly Rouse is________.
[A]creative
[B]cautious
[C]considerate
[D]conservative
48.BuildingBtocksis a company that helps people to________.
[A]rentideal houses
[B]buy ideal houses
[C]findideal houses
[D]own ideal houses
49.Rolly andthe writer decided to start a company together because they were both________.
[A]expegin architecture
[B]underRaid at their jobs
[C]outof work at the time
[D]interested in e-business
50.At theBoston convention，Rolly and the writer were happy because_________.
[A]theyaroused people’s interest in their products
[B]theysold some of their own products right there
[C]theygot their first orders from some famous building firms
[D]theyhad the opportunity to visit some famous building firms
Text 2
Anxiety disorders are common andrange from lo percent t0 20 percent of children and teens.Girl areusually more likely than boys to report anxiety symptoms or signs.Anxiety runsin families，due to a combination of inherent and environmental factors.Anxiousparents may produce anxiouschildren.When signs are so severe that they interfere with daily lifeactivities，it is time to seek an evaluation from a mental health professional.
Consider the following example of achild who suffered stress disorder.Maria，age l2，was at herphysician’s office awaiting her yearly checkup.A bullet from a gunbattle in the next building tore through the wall and struck her mother in theshoulder.severely wounding her.The mother was rushed to the hospital，but Maria did notknow her fate for several days.
Unable or unwilling to speak，visiblyanxious and fearful，Maria was evaluated by a child doctor in the Sallle hospital severaldays later.He recommended a brief treatment and began by taking Maria to hermother’s bedside.
Maria，reassured that hermother was alive，neveRheless could not be separated from her.During thefollowing weeks she insisted on sleeping with her mother and would not let herout of her
sight.Her motherwas equally shocked，and told her daughter she was suffering great pain.
The doctor began a series of playtreatment sessions using dolls and paly surgical instruments in which Mariaperformed operations in her doll hospital.She began to getgreat pleasure in her sessions.Her mother did not recover so quickly，so the doctorrecommended individual treatment for her.
The final sessions involved Mafiaperforming the operation on，not a doll，but her mother，who submitted to patient status once again.Playing outthe painful theme was extremely beneficial，and with a minimumof interpretation，both were back to their normal functioning by the month’s end.Maria didnot need any medication.
There are many ways of helpinganxious children cope with their fears and worries.A carefa，tevaluationand specific treatment plan can help these children get back on the path ofnormal development.
51.We learnfrom the text that anxiety in a family atmosphere is often________.
[A]analyzable
[B]unavoidable
[C]uncontrollable
[D]communicable
52.Peopleshould seek professional help when anxiety begins to________.
[A]appearin their kids
[B]affect their judgments
[C]appearin their families
[D]affect their life activities
53.According tothe text.Mafia suffered from stress disorder because_______.
[A]shewitnessed a gun battle
[B]she was wounded by a bullet
[C]sheworried about her mother
[D]she was scared of her checkup
54.Maria wastaken to her mother’s bedside in the hospital to_______.
[A]start her initial treatment
[B]keep her mom in her sight
[C]sleeptogether with her mom
[D]help with her mom’s recovery
55.To help allanxious kid out，it is suggested to_______.
[A]toleratehis fears and worries
[B]point out his normal grow path
[C]puthim in a particular treatment
[D]ask him to make a self-evaluation
Text 3
Lately，presidentsof some American universities have added inflation to their worry list.They are notconcemed about inflation of prices，but of academicgrades.Larry Summers，president of Harvard.recentlycaused a storm when he told one of the university’s professors he didn’t likegrade inflation.
Insiders say that nearly half thegrades Harvard awards have lately been A or A minus—a lot moreman in the l980s.Is this trend a bad thing，in fact2 And is thisgrade inflation really“inflation”?
To take the second question first，the answeris N0，not stricdy speaking.”Inflation”in grades ought to mean that work of a given standardwould be awarded an ever higher grade，year by year.Thehighest permissible grade would therefore have to keep rising in a ceaselessprocesslon of non-improvement.Because in reality the top grade is fixed，the processis not so much grade inflation as grade compression.This isworse：a distortion in relative prices is more confusing than a uniformupward drift.Grade compression squeezes information out of the system.
But is grade inflation necessarily a bad thing?Theanswer depends on who you are.When students leave Harvard,they carry grades as a sort of currency：a pocketfulof intellectual capital，to bid for jobs or places in graduate schools against graduates fromother universities with other currencies.These positions goto those who can put the most academic cash on the table。Employersandgraduate schools must decide on the exchange rate,as it were，between aHarvard C student
and an A student from a less distinguishedplace.
Again.overall gradeinflation-the uniform devaluation of the students’ capital-would be telativelyeasy to cope with，working in principle neither to the advantage or disadvantage ofHarvard
graduates. Recruiters.in aposition to see the market for graduates as a whole，would simplyadjust their exchange rate.Compression，however，hasdistributional consequences.The best Harvard students see their grades devalued relativeto those of second.rate Harvard students.That is bad with respect to encouraging students to workharder.
56.The text talksabout the recent storm concerning grade inflation in American universities by focusingon_________.
[A]itscauses
[B]its features
[C]itsimpacts
[D]its purposes
57.In thewriter’s opinion，real grade inflation can occur when the highest permissible grade_______
[A]israised accordingly
[B]is cautiously granted
[C]isstrictly administered
[D]is limited appropriately
58.The writerthinks that grade compression characterizes________.
[A]ajust policy in evaluation
[B]a distorted grading system
[C]afixed criterion for the work done
[D]a relative difference among students
59.As far asjob—seeking is concerned，Harvard grade inflation will benefit________.
[A]itsbest graduates
[B]its ordinary graduates
[C]thejob recruiters
[D]the school authorities
60.With gradeinflation going on in Harvard，it is likely that________.
[A]itsbest students will lack the urge to make progress
[B]itsranking in the US universities will going down
[C]itsadvantages will be overtaken by its disadvantages
[D]itssystem of school score distribution will be in chaos
PartB
Directions：
Read thetexts in which five people are commenting on a magazine article called“The GlobalFishCrisis”。For question61 to 65，match the name of each person(61 to 65)to one of the statements(A toG)given below. Mark your answers ANSWER SHEET.
Tom Hagen：
I am acommercial fisherman in Alaska.It was an eye—opener to see the destruction and waste in theworld’s fisheries.The Alaska salmon fishery is very well managed，and we don’tsee the destruction occurring elsewhere.Many local peoplecomplain of the many restrictive laws in the fish- cry，but afterreading this article，I’m in favor of even stricter regulation.The sea isthe basis for life on Earth，and we must take care of it.
Jimmy O’Brien：
You didn’ttouch the fishing here in the U.S.where the fisherman is working under the harshest regulations onEarth and the strictest equipment restrictions.We are fishing in afashion that is completelyenvironmentally friendly as required under the Magnuson-Stevens Act.The U.S.keeps importingmore fish from countries that have no requirements on equipment or on theircatch.U.S.fishermen cannot compete with foreign prices so the fishermen’snumbers have been reduced.
Tiffany Miller：
I wasshocked at the utter lack of regard that the commercial fishing industry hasfor its very ownresources.I’d like to ask these same fishermen who say that they cannot make aliving on the catchlimits set for them：How are you going to make a living when all the fish are gone?
Nathan Kennedy：
Youfailed to note the obvious root cause of the global fish crisis，which is notnew technologies but the explosion of world population.There simplyare not enough fish in the ocean to feed US，and all thefishefies management and conservation in the world will do nothing to stopoverfishing if nothing is done to stem the unsupportable demand for humanconsumption.
Peter Paul：
As aperson with some 35 years of membership in various conservation groups，and afterwriting thousands of emails，letters，and protest forms，I arrived at the sad Conclusion that nothing I did mattered one bit.When thecatch drops below the cost of operating expenses，the industry willdie，taking the health of the ocean with it.We will thenall,stand back and wonder why we let it happen
Nowmatch the name of each person(61 to 65)to the appropriate statement.
Note：there aretwo extra statements.
Statements
61.TomHagen
62.Jinmay O’Bfien
63.TiffanyMiller
64.NathanKennedy
65.PeterPaul
[A]Overfishing results fromextensive use of new technologies.
[B]Many people in my place support stricterregulation on fishing.
[C]I think that you failed topoint out the real reason for overfishing.
[D]We are in a very weakposition to compete with other countdes in fishing.
[E]Sooner or later，we will feelregretful about out current fishing practice.
[F]I didn’t know there weresuch damaging ways of fishing around the world.
[G]1 wonder if those fishermenhave ever considered the consequences of exhausting ocean resources.
參考答案
第三部分閱讀理解
Part A
Text 1
參考譯文
回想起20世紀(jì)90年代初，我對(duì)電腦一無所知。在用電腦工作了一天之后，我才對(duì)其有所了解。但我知道：巨大的變化即將發(fā)生，即激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)濟(jì)、想象力及 各種前所未有的事情。我知道世界正在變化，也就是說，我不能靠著過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)過活。我也知道我有很多未實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想。但我是在遇到我的老朋友羅林·勞斯之后， 才意識(shí)到如何實(shí)現(xiàn)我的那些夢(mèng)想，那時(shí)我倆剛巧搬到了同一個(gè)社區(qū)。
羅林總是說我滿腦子主意。但他每秒鐘所產(chǎn)生的想法的數(shù)量似乎也非常不可思議。很快，我們每天打電話聊天，談?wù)摶ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的一些事情，商討一起開一家新網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的可能性。
緊接著，他開始制定計(jì)劃，并想讓我也參與其中：我們將在只讀光盤驅(qū)動(dòng)上為人們提供豐富的、全套的電子房間，并讓人們根據(jù)自己的需求裝飾自己的房子。他們 可以嘗試多種門窗、不同的漆色和家具。當(dāng)他們感到滿意時(shí)，我們就讓他們?nèi)ゾW(wǎng)上實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的規(guī)劃。購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品及專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)和建筑，我們將幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)劃。
“BuildingBlocks”是羅林為新公司起的名字。羅林決定自己先冒險(xiǎn)試試。他直接將其利潤(rùn)豐厚的能
源咨詢業(yè)拋下，全身心投入到“BuildingBlocks”公司中。我辭去了報(bào)社待遇豐厚的工作后，很快加入了他。我們一起開發(fā)出一款小樣，展示了我 們只讀光盤驅(qū)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)——全新美國(guó)夢(mèng)想家園。我們將其帶到波士頓全美住宅商協(xié)會(huì)的年度會(huì)議上。所有大公司都在那里展示、炫耀自己的最新產(chǎn)品。
令我們高興的是，包括一些大公司的高管在內(nèi)，幾乎每個(gè)人都想看看我們所展示的產(chǎn)品。離開會(huì)場(chǎng)
時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)收到很多邀請(qǐng)，他們都希望我們能去他們的辦公室并為其介紹更多有關(guān)“BuildingBlocks”公司的產(chǎn)品。那只是我人生夢(mèng)想邁出的第一步，我們的公司“BuildingBlocks”，從此以后也逐漸興旺發(fā)達(dá)。
46.D 【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Backin the early 1990s I knew little about computers
beyondwhat it took to get through a working—day.”和第三句“It wasstirring economies and imaginations and possibilities like nothing I had everknown.”可知，前后文講的主要是技術(shù)帶來的影響，由此可以推知巨大的變化指的是高科技的發(fā)展，故選D。
47.A 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Hisrate of idea production per second seemed almost incredible.”可知，“他每秒鐘所產(chǎn)生的想法似乎也非常不可思議”，由此可以推知羅林很有創(chuàng)造力，故選A。
48.D 【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“Try…When theywere satisfied，we would enable
them togo online to make the project happen，to get the productsand the financing and the professional design and construction to help to do itoutright.”可知，“他們可以嘗試…。當(dāng)他們感到滿意時(shí)，我們就讓他們?nèi)ゾW(wǎng)上實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的規(guī)劃，購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品及專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)和建筑，我們將幫助他們實(shí) 現(xiàn)規(guī)劃。”即這一系列動(dòng)作的結(jié)果就是“幫助人們擁有一個(gè)理想的'房子”，故選D。
49.D 【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“Hesimply dropped his profitable energy—consulting
businessto commit himself full time to BuildingBlocks.I soon joined himafter I quit my well-paid job at a newspaper.”可知，“他直接將其利潤(rùn)豐厚的能源咨詢業(yè)拋下，全身心投入到‘BuildingBlocks’公司中。我辭去了報(bào)社待遇豐厚的工作 后，很快加入了他。”由此可見，兩個(gè)人都擁有一份收入較高的工作，為了共同的興趣，他們紛紛辭職，故選D。
50.A 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“To ourdelight，nearly everyone was eager to see what wewere showing…”可見大家對(duì)他們的產(chǎn)品很感興趣，故選A。
Text 2
參考譯文
焦慮障礙很普遍，在兒童和青少年中，患該疾病的比例從l0%到20%不等。一般情況下，女孩比男孩更容易出現(xiàn)焦慮癥狀或征兆。焦慮是由內(nèi)在因素和環(huán)境因 素共同造成的，因此有家族遺傳現(xiàn)象。如果父母患有焦慮，生出來的孩子很可能也患有焦慮。一旦焦慮癥狀非常明顯，妨礙了日�；顒�(dòng)，就需要找一個(gè)心理健康專家 進(jìn)行治療了。
來看看下面這個(gè)患有壓力心理障礙孩子的例子。12歲的瑪麗亞正在她醫(yī)生的辦公室等著她每年的常規(guī)檢查。隔壁大廈槍擊案中的子彈穿過了墻，打在她媽媽的肩膀上，媽媽受傷很嚴(yán)重，立即被送到醫(yī)院。然而，接下來的幾天瑪麗亞都不知道媽媽的命運(yùn)。
瑪麗亞不能或者不愿意講話，幾天以后，同一家醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生診斷其具有很明顯的焦慮恐懼癥狀。醫(yī)生建議對(duì)其進(jìn)行短暫的治療，并首先把她帶到了媽媽的床邊。
瑪麗亞看到媽媽還活著，放心了，但不能和媽媽分開。接下來的幾周，她堅(jiān)持睡在媽媽身邊，不讓媽媽離開她的視線。她的媽媽同樣感到很震驚，并告訴女兒她正在忍受巨大的痛苦。
醫(yī)生開始利用玩偶對(duì)瑪麗亞進(jìn)行一系列的游戲治療，在此期間瑪麗亞在她的玩偶醫(yī)院里通過使用手術(shù)工具對(duì)玩偶進(jìn)行了手術(shù)。她在治療中獲得了極大的樂趣。她的媽媽恢復(fù)的沒有那么快，因此醫(yī)生建議對(duì)其進(jìn)行單獨(dú)治療。
在最后一期治療中，瑪麗亞要進(jìn)行手術(shù)的，不是玩偶，而是她的媽媽，媽媽扮演的是再次回到生病的
狀態(tài)。演繹受傷主題非常有益。不用多做解釋，月底時(shí)，兩個(gè)人都恢復(fù)正常了：此后，瑪麗亞不再需要任何藥物治療。
有許多方法可以幫助患有焦慮障礙的孩子面對(duì)恐懼和擔(dān)心。仔細(xì)的診斷和特殊的治療計(jì)劃能幫助這些孩子回到正常成長(zhǎng)的軌道上。
51.A【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Anxious parents may produce anxious children.”可知.“如果父母患有焦慮，生出來的孩子很可能也患有焦慮。”由此可知，焦慮在一個(gè)家庭中可以分析得出，故選A。
52.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“When signs are so severe that they interfere with daily lifeactivities，it is time to seek an evaluation from a mental health professional.”可知，“一旦焦慮癥狀非常明顯，妨礙了日常活動(dòng)，就需要找一個(gè)心理健康專家進(jìn)行治療了。”由此可知，影響到正常生活后，就要 尋求專業(yè)人士的幫助，故選D。
53.C【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“Maria，reassured that her mother was alive，nevertheless couldnot be separated from her...she insisted on sleeping with her mother and would not let her outof sight.”可知，她的壓力來自于害怕失去媽媽，擔(dān)心媽媽的身體健康，故選C。
54.A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第三段最后一句“He recommended a brief treatment and began by taking Maria to hermother’S bedside.”可知，瑪麗亞來到媽媽的身邊最初是因?yàn)獒t(yī)生要對(duì)其進(jìn)行初步的治療，故選A。
55.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由全文最后一段可知，仔細(xì)的診斷和特殊的治療計(jì)劃能幫助患有焦慮癥的孩子。故選C。
Text3 。
參考譯文
最近，美國(guó)部分高校的校長(zhǎng)將“通脹”列到了其擔(dān)心列表上。他們所擔(dān)心不是物價(jià)的通脹，而是學(xué)分的通脹。哈佛大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)拉里·薩摩斯最近告訴該校一住大學(xué)教 授他不喜歡學(xué)分通脹，因此引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)風(fēng)波。內(nèi)部人士說哈佛大學(xué)的成績(jī)獎(jiǎng)幾乎一半都是A或者A一，這樣的一個(gè)比例比20世紀(jì)80年代時(shí)高很多。但這樣的趨勢(shì) 事實(shí)上是壞事兒?jiǎn)?這樣的學(xué)分通脹真的是“通脹”嗎?先回答第二個(gè)問題，從并不嚴(yán)格的意義上講，答案是否定的。學(xué)分“通脹”應(yīng)該意味著同一水準(zhǔn)的成績(jī)獲得 的學(xué)分逐年增高。因此，在沒有改善、提高的情況下，允許學(xué)生獲得的最高學(xué)分應(yīng)該不斷上升。然而在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，最高學(xué)分是固定的，因此這個(gè)過程不是學(xué)分增值而是 學(xué)分貶值。這個(gè)更糟：相對(duì)價(jià)格的扭曲比統(tǒng)一上浮更加令人困惑。學(xué)分貶值讓學(xué)生學(xué)到的知識(shí)越來越少，從而令整個(gè)教育系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)量逐漸減少，甚至匱乏。
那么學(xué)分通脹就一定是壞事兒?jiǎn)?答案取決你是哪所學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生。從哈佛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生，他們將學(xué)分看成是一種貨幣：滿兜的智力資本，他們用它同畢業(yè)于其他 院校的、拿著其他貨幣的學(xué)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)工作崗位或所申請(qǐng)的研究生院。只有那些將最多的學(xué)術(shù)現(xiàn)金放到案上的人才可能得到這些職位。雇主和各大研究生院必須決定匯 率，即他們必須考慮是選擇一個(gè)哈佛畢業(yè)但只獲得c的學(xué)生還是選擇一個(gè)學(xué)校并不那么出名卻獲得A的學(xué)生。
總體再看一下學(xué)分通脹——學(xué)生資本的集 體貶值——將相對(duì)容易理解，它基本上既不是哈佛畢業(yè)生的優(yōu)勢(shì)也不是他們的劣勢(shì)。招聘人員，站在自己的角度，會(huì)把畢業(yè)生作為一個(gè)整體來看，唯一的差別僅僅是 調(diào)整匯率的問題。然而，學(xué)分貶值呈現(xiàn)出了區(qū)域性分布的結(jié)果。和哈佛大學(xué)二流學(xué)生相比，哈佛大學(xué)一流的學(xué)生認(rèn)為他們的學(xué)分貶值了。這對(duì)于鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)這 一點(diǎn)，影響不是很好。
56.C【精析】推理題。分析全文的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前兩段提出了學(xué)分通脹的問題，第三段的第二句和第三句簡(jiǎn)要說明了學(xué)分通脹 的原因，即：學(xué)分“通脹”應(yīng)該意味著同一水準(zhǔn)的成績(jī)獲得的學(xué)分逐年增高。因此，在沒有改善、提高的情況下，允許學(xué)生獲得的最高學(xué)分在不斷上升。然而在現(xiàn)實(shí) 中，最高學(xué)分是固定的，因此這個(gè)過程不是學(xué)分增值而是學(xué)分貶值。緊接著，該文又分析了學(xué)分通脹所產(chǎn)生的影響：相對(duì)價(jià)格的扭曲比統(tǒng)一上浮更加令人困惑;學(xué)分 貶值讓學(xué)生學(xué)到的知識(shí)越來越少，從而令整個(gè)教育系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)量減少，甚至匱乏。文章的第四段和第五段也是對(duì)學(xué)分通脹所產(chǎn)生的影響的分析，包括對(duì)學(xué)生就業(yè)和繼 續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的影響，故選c。
57.A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“‘Inflation’in grades ought to mean that work of a given standard would beawarded an ever higher grade，year by year.”內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)分通脹意味著同一水準(zhǔn)的成績(jī)獲得的學(xué)分逐年增高，因此，在作者看來，最高學(xué)分提高時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生學(xué)分通脹，故選A。
58.B【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“That is worse：a distortion in relative prices is more
confusingthan a uniform upward drift.Grade compression squeezes information OUt of the system.”可知，相對(duì)價(jià)格的扭曲比統(tǒng)一上浮更加令人困惑。學(xué)分貶值讓學(xué)生學(xué)到的知識(shí)越來越少，從而令整個(gè)教育系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)量逐漸減少，甚至匱乏。由此 可推知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)分貶值的特征就是一個(gè)扭曲的評(píng)分體系，故選B。
59.B【精析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，雇主在錄取人員時(shí)，會(huì)考慮選擇一個(gè)哈佛畢業(yè)但只獲得c的學(xué)生，還是選擇一個(gè)學(xué)校并不那么出名卻獲得A的學(xué)生，由此可推知，哈佛成績(jī)一般的學(xué)生在找工作時(shí)更能從學(xué)分通脹中獲益，故選8。
60.A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“The best Hagvard students see their grades devalued relativeto those of second.rate Harvard.That is bad with respect to encouraging students to work harder.”可知，哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)分通脹讓優(yōu)秀學(xué)生喪失了不斷進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力，故選A。
Part B
參考譯文
下面這段文字是5個(gè)人對(duì)于一篇雜志文章《世界漁業(yè)危機(jī)》所作的評(píng)論。
湯姆·哈根：
我是阿拉斯加的一名商業(yè)漁夫�？吹绞澜缟蠞O業(yè)所受的破壞和污染真是大開眼界。阿拉斯加鮭魚業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)得非常好，在那里我們看不到任何的破壞。許多當(dāng)?shù)厝吮г箤?duì)捕魚業(yè)的諸多限制法律，但讀完這篇
文章后，我對(duì)嚴(yán)格的條文非常贊成。海洋是地球上的生命賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。我們必須保護(hù)它。
吉米·奧勃良：
你在美國(guó)不會(huì)涉足捕魚業(yè)，因?yàn)檫@里的漁夫執(zhí)行著世界上最嚴(yán)格的捕魚法律及捕魚設(shè)備限制。根據(jù)麥格納森·史蒂文森漁業(yè)保育管理法的相關(guān)規(guī)定，我們是在當(dāng)下 比較流行的提法——友好型的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行捕魚的。美國(guó)一直從那些對(duì)捕魚設(shè)備或捕獲量沒有嚴(yán)格限制的國(guó)家進(jìn)口大量的魚產(chǎn)品。美國(guó)漁民無法和國(guó)外的價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因 此漁民的數(shù)量逐漸減少。
蒂芙尼·米勒：
看至商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)完全忽視其自身資源，我感到很震驚。一些漁民說由于其捕撈量受限，他們很難生存，那么，我想問問他們：如果所有的魚類都滅絕了，你們將如何生存呢?
內(nèi)森·肯尼迪：
你可能沒有注意到全球漁業(yè)危機(jī)的根本原因：不是新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，而是人口的爆炸性增長(zhǎng)，僅僅是因?yàn)楹Ｑ笾械聂~已經(jīng)無法滿足人類的需求。如果沒有任何措施來根除人類對(duì)魚類消費(fèi)的無限需求，那世界上所有漁業(yè)管理和保護(hù)法對(duì)于過度捕撈都將束手無策。
皮特·保羅：
作為一個(gè)在多種保護(hù)組織中擁有35年之久會(huì)員身份的人，我曾寫過數(shù)以千計(jì)的郵件、信件，并進(jìn)行過多種其他形式的抗議，但最后，我得出了一個(gè)可悲的結(jié)論： 我所做的事沒有起到任何作用。一旦捕魚量低于營(yíng)業(yè)成本，這個(gè)行業(yè)就會(huì)消失，海洋的健康也一并被摧毀。屆時(shí)，我們將全都無奈地站在一邊，想著為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這 樣的事情。
61.F 【精析】主旨題。湯姆·哈根對(duì)世界上漁業(yè)所受的破壞和污染感到十分震驚。這與F項(xiàng)“我沒有想到世界上對(duì)捕魚業(yè)有各種破壞的方法”表示的意思相同。故選F。
62.D 【精析】主旨題。吉米·奧勃良提到美國(guó)漁民捕魚時(shí)受到的諸多限制，因此相對(duì)來說，美國(guó)魚類價(jià)格較高，無法與國(guó)外不受嚴(yán)格限制的魚類價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這與D項(xiàng)“和其他國(guó)家的捕魚業(yè)相比，我們所處的地位相對(duì)比較弱”表示的意思相同，故選D。
63.G 【精析】主旨題。蒂芙尼·米勒認(rèn)為過渡捕撈終有一天將使魚類滅絕，漁民也將很難生存。這與G項(xiàng)“我在想漁民是否想過耗盡海洋資源的后果”表示的意思相同，故選G。
64.c 【精析】主旨題。一內(nèi)森·肯尼迪認(rèn)為全球魚類危機(jī)的根源在于人口爆炸性的增長(zhǎng)，而不是新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，文章并沒有指出這一點(diǎn)，這與C項(xiàng)“我認(rèn)為這篇文章沒有指出過度捕撈的真正原因”表示的意思相同，故選C。
65.E 【精析】主旨題。皮特·保羅分析了魚量減產(chǎn)后，其對(duì)整個(gè)捕魚業(yè)及海洋所帶來的厄運(yùn)，而屆時(shí)人們只能眼睜睜無奈地看著，并在想其中的原因，這與E項(xiàng)“遲早有一天，我們會(huì)對(duì)自己現(xiàn)行的捕撈方式后悔的”表示的意思相同，故選E。
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