英語it 用法歸納總結(jié)

　　t 既是代詞又是引詞。作代詞時，它可做人稱代詞、指示代詞、非人稱代詞，用于前指、非確指或習語中。作引詞時，它本身無實義，只起先行引導的作用�？勺餍问街髡Z(it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.)或形式賓語(it + adj. + to do sth.)，真實的主語或賓語是不定式、動名詞或名詞從句，它們則放在后面。It 也用于強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)。如想強調(diào)某個詞或部分，可用it is (was) + 強調(diào)部分(主語、賓語或狀語) + that(who)…的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。本章要求了解代詞it 和引詞it 的各種用法，重點掌握it 用于前指或后指;引導詞it 用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。下面請參考小編整理的使用方法。

　　1、人稱代詞IT

　　IT一般指物不指人,但可指小孩、嬰兒和團體等.IT用于成人,有輕蔑的含義.

　　For example: Would you like to marry Malcom? Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!

　　2、指示代詞IT

　　作為指示代詞時,IT可以指人.

　　For example: Who is it?(是誰呀?)

　　3、非人稱代詞IT

　　(1)指時間

　　For example: I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought.

　　(2)指距離

　　For example:

　　How far is it from your office to the bank?

　　It was a long journey to that part of the country.

　　(3)指天氣等自然現(xiàn)象

　　For example:

　　Now it is clearing up, and a sparrow is beginning to chirp.

　　It’s damp and cold. I thingk it’s going to rain.

　　4、IT用于前指或后指

　　(1)前指

　　For example:

　　---They lost the game.

　　---Yes, so I hear. Isn’t it a shame?

　　(2)\x09后指

　　For example:

　　It’s seems so full of comfort and of strength, the night.

　　Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would be present at the bank.

　　注：代詞it指代if或when等引導的狀語從句時,既可前指,也可后指.

　　5、非確指的IT

　　有時,it所指代的是什么,要看上下文來確定.這種IT即所謂的非確指的it(Unspecified it).

　　For example:

　　1.How’s it going with you? (你近況如何?)

　　2.Does it itch much? (很癢癢嗎?)

　　3.Where does it hurt? (哪兒痛?)

　　4.Now you are in for it. (你現(xiàn)在可倒霉了!)

　　5.It says in the Bible: Thou shalt not steal. (圣經(jīng)上說:不許偷竊.)

　　6.Hand it all, we can’t wait all day for him. (見鬼!我們不能整天等他呀.)

　　7.We had a nice time of it. (我們玩得很好.)

　　8.There is nothing else for it but to stand. (沒有辦法,只好忍受.)

　　9.You never had it so good. (日子過得從來沒有這樣好.)

　　10.Take it easy. (不要緊張.)

　　6、IT在習慣用語中

　　一些含有IT的習慣用語需要牢記,以下是一般對方都熟知的,無須要明確指出來.

　　For example:

　　1.Cab it (乘車)

　　2.brave it out (拼命干到底)

　　3.walk it (步行)

　　4.go it alone (單槍匹馬地干)

　　5.beat it (走,滾)

　　6.make it (辦成功)

　　7.come it (盡自己之分內(nèi)事情)

　　8.come it strong (做得過分)

　　9.lord it over (欺壓)

　　10.take it (猜想,以為,斷定;[口][常與 can, be able to 連用]忍受得住(痛苦、批評、困難, 嘲笑等))

　　11.take it out of somebody (拿某人出氣)

　　12.have it out with somebody (與某人講個明白)

　　13.be hard put to it (在艱難之中)

　　14.Is that it? (你就要我做這些嗎?= Is that all you wanted me for? )

　　15.You’re it. (你是下一個)

　　7、引詞IT

　　(1)IT用做引詞

　　A.形式主語

　　a.真實主語為不定式

　　For example:

　　It was his duty to attend to the matter. (處理那事是他的責任)

　　It was not within my power to answer the question. (我無能力回答這個問題)

　　b.真實主語為不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　For example:

　　It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. (懶漢謀生是日益困難了)

　　What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? (何時我再給你打電話最合適?)

　　It’s very good of you to have listened to me. (感謝你,能聽我講.)

　　It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday. (您能給我這么美好的假日實在是想得太周到和太友善了)

　　c.真實主語為動名詞

　　For example:

　　It’s no use saying any more about what I think. (我如何想的再說也沒有用了.)

　　Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me? (你認為與我吵架值得嗎?)

　　d.真實主語為動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　For example:

　　It has been a great honor your coming to visit me. (你的來訪是我很大的榮幸.)

　　It would have been so bad her overhearing. (她如果偷聽到那就糟糕了.)

　　I’m afraid it vexes her my having brought Roly.(我恐怕我?guī)Я_力來使她生氣了)

　　e.真實主語為主語從句

　　For example:

　　It seems that he is rich.. (看起來他很富有.)

　　It doesn’t matter what you do.(你干什么都沒有關(guān)系)

　　It was clear enough what she meant.(她的意思十分清楚)

　　He was an old man, and it did not matter much where he lived.(他年事已高,在哪兒居住都無所謂)

　　It’ a pity he doesn’t swim. (他不會游泳,真遺憾)

　　B.形式賓語

　　a.真實賓語為不定時

　　For example:

　　I find it easy enough to get on with Pam.. (我覺得與帕姆相處很容易.)

　　I would think it worth while to go.(我認為去是值得的.)

　　He thought it best to be on his guard. (他認為他最好還是要警惕.)

　　He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. (他規(guī)定自己在議會每次開會時至少發(fā)言一次.)

　　He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Otis. (他覺得把事實告訴奧蒂斯先生是他的職責)

　　b.真實主語為動名詞

　　For example:

　　You must find it exciting working here.. (你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)在此工作是很令人興奮的.)

　　I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement.(我認為我們沒有明確的協(xié)議就進行是不明智的.)

　　He find it a great privation not being allowed to smoke there. (他覺得在那里不能吸煙對他是一大痛苦.)

　　注：以上例句皆可不用形式賓語,可改寫為：

　　You must find working here exciting.

　　I think going on as we are without definite agreement very unwise.

　　He found not being allowed to smoke there a great privation.

　　c.真實賓語為賓語從句

　　For example:

　　I think it best that you should stay here. (我認為你最好留在這里.)

　　I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly. (我曾老覺得母親不得不無休止地操勞是一件可怕的事情.)

　　I take it you have been out. (我想你出去過了.)

　　I took it for granted that you would stay with us. (我認為你當然會留在我們這里的.)

　　I have it on my conscience that I offended you. (我心里老嘀咕著我得罪了你)

　　They kept it quiet that he was dead. (對于他的死他們沒有透露一絲口風.)

　　(2)引詞IT用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中

　�、儆⒄Z中常用的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是：“It is (was)+被強調(diào)的部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+ who(that)…”.一般說來,被強調(diào)部分指人時用who,指物時用that(但that亦可指人).注意：強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在強調(diào)狀語時,只可用that從句,不可用which.

　　For example: John wore his best suit to the dance last night.(約翰昨晚他穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會)

　　It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.

　　It was his best suit (that) John wore to the dance last night.

　　It was last night (that) John wore his best suit to the dance.

　　It was to the dance that John wore his best suit last night.

　�、趶娬{(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)也可強調(diào)短語和從句(包括because,only when,who,whom,whose,that,which等引導的從句).

　　For example:

　　I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.(我懷疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他帶到這兒來的)

　　It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. (我昨天是由于想買一本字典而進城的.)

　　It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value them(只有你差一點失去某一個人時,你才會充分意識到你是多么珍視他們.)

　　It must be your mother who (whom, that) you are thinking of.(你在想的'一定是你的母親.)

　　It was your brother to whom I offered a dollar for his knife yesterday.(我昨天給了你兄弟1元錢買他的小刀.)

　　It is Uncle Bill whose address I lost.(比爾叔叔的地址我丟了.)

　　It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.(應該注意, 特別是行為動詞常用在主動語態(tài)中.)

　�、郾碚Z與賓語補語偶爾也可為被強調(diào)的部分.但通常情況下,表語一般不可用作被強調(diào)的部分.

　　For example:

　　It was a doctor that he eventually became.(他最后成了一個醫(yī)生)

　　It’s dark green that we’ve painted the kitchen.(我們把廚房漆成了深綠色)

　�、軓娬{(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)一般應該一致.但也有例外的例子.

　　For example:

　　It is not I who am angry.(發(fā)怒的不是我.)

　　I was my two sisters who knew her best(是我的兩個姐妹最了解他.)

　　I will not be you who will have to take the blame for this.(對此受責難的將不是你.)

　　For exceptional example:

　　It is Miss Williams who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime. (是威廉姆斯小姐以讀小說來消遣.)

　　It is these very novels that Miss Williams enjoyed reading as a pastime.(威廉姆斯小姐作為消遣所讀的小說就是這些.)

　　⑤強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用于獨立句中,也可以用在從句之中.

　　For example:

　　It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.(應該注意, 特別是行為動詞常用在主動語態(tài)中.)

　　I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.(我懷疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他帶到這兒來的)

　　He told me that it was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life. (他告訴我是解放才使他的生活有了翻天覆地的變化.)

　�、迯娬{(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的that 與who在非正式文體中可以省略.有時還可以省去句首的It is (was).

　　For example:

　　I suspected it was on her orders you were bringing him here.(我懷疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他帶到這兒來的)

　　A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! (彼得爵士,你學得是一種很好而誠實的一行啊!)

　�、邚娬{(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的被強調(diào)部分有時可放在句首.

　　For example:

　　Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.(就在這時,他的生命完結(jié)了,他所逃脫不了的命運降臨了.)

　�、郔t is(was)之后可有一個以上的被強調(diào)部分.

　　For example:

　　It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her. “Did I faint?” she asked.(是她躺在過道上,是那個陌生人在俯視她.“我暈倒了嗎?”她問道.)

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