考研英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法詳解
一、動(dòng)名詞也可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)
就是在動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)前面加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格。
帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)等。在非正式文體當(dāng)中,經(jīng)常把物主代詞簡(jiǎn)化為賓格人稱代詞,把名詞所有格簡(jiǎn)化為名詞。例如:
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我堅(jiān)持要他和我一起去看電影。
I can hardly imagine Peter(Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我簡(jiǎn)直不能想象彼得會(huì)在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋。
Linda’s coming will do you good.(主語(yǔ))林達(dá)的到來(lái)對(duì)你有好處。
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表語(yǔ))使他生氣的是他們笑。
二、動(dòng)名詞的完成式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
。1)完成式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。例如:
I apologize for having broken my promise.我沒(méi)有遵守諾言,我道歉。
I don’t remember having talked with him before. ??我不記得以前曾和他談過(guò)話。
恨不相逢未嫁時(shí)! I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.
。2)當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者時(shí),動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:
I could no longer stand being treated like that.我再也不能忍受被那樣對(duì)待。
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英國(guó)受過(guò)訓(xùn),她感到自豪。
他不喜歡嘲笑別人!鶫e doesn’t like laughing at others.
他不喜歡被人嘲笑!鶫e doesn’t like being laughed at.
三、某些動(dòng)詞可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)
。1)like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜愛(ài),厭惡的動(dòng)詞后面,可用動(dòng)名詞也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ),意義差別不大。但當(dāng)這些詞前面有should或would時(shí),一定要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。表示想要,愿意,打算。例如:
She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you. 她喜歡跳舞。(泛指)但他不喜歡和你跳。(特指)
He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him. 他看上去很累,我不想打擾他。
I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight. 我不喜歡看書(shū),但是今天晚上倒想躺在床上看本雜志。
We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.我們不喜歡背后議論人。
hate to do sth 表示“真不想做某事,(但不得不做)”。如:
I hate to disturb you now, but I have no choice.我真不想現(xiàn)在打擾你,但沒(méi)有辦法。
。2)forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)
例如:
The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著。她忘記關(guān)了。(關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)做)
The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off. 辦公室的'燈沒(méi)亮著。是她關(guān)的,但她忘記關(guān)過(guò)燈。(已關(guān)過(guò)燈,她忘了)
她昨天又來(lái)還我二百元錢(qián)。她忘記上個(gè)月還我了!鶶he came to pay back RMB 200 to me again yesterday. She forgot having paid it back to me last month.
(3)remember to do sth.記著去做某事
remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事
例如:
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year? 你記得去年一次宴會(huì)上見(jiàn)過(guò)我嗎?(已見(jiàn)過(guò)面)
You must remember to leave tomorrow。你一定要記著明天離開(kāi)。(還沒(méi)離開(kāi))
(4)stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
例如:
She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她停下來(lái),在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息。
As long as you live, your heart never stops beating, 只要你活著,你的心臟就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止跳動(dòng)。
。5)regret to do sth. 對(duì)尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遺憾;
regret doing sth. 對(duì)已做的事情表示后悔
例如:
I regret saying that.?我后悔說(shuō)了那話。
I regret to tell you the following truth.?我非常遺憾地告訴你下面這個(gè)事實(shí)。
(6)try to do sth努力去做某事
try doing sth.做某事試一試
例如:
You must try to do it again. 你必須想方設(shè)法再做一次。
Let’s try doing the work in some other way. 咱們用另一種方法做這工作試試。
。7)mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事
mean doing sth.意味著做某事
例如:
If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait. 如果這意味著拖延一個(gè)多星期,我就不等了。
I mean to help you, and nothing else.我想幫助你們,沒(méi)別的。
我不是想傷害你,對(duì)不起。→I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.
宣布就是對(duì)中國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)!鶧eclaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.
。8)go on to do sth.做了一件事又去做另一件
go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事情
例如:
After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.他作完數(shù)學(xué)后,接著又做物理。
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