考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句活學(xué)活用案例
●活學(xué)活用案例一
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument , since an argument , since an argument that is convincing only if it precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed , whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
【詞匯突破】
dread 害怕，擔(dān)心
precise 精確的
whereas 鑒于，然而，反之
perturbation 憂慮，不安，煩惱，小的變化
【主干識(shí)別】The physicist rightly dreads precise argument .
【其他成分】since an argument , since an argument that is convincing only if it precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed , whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under perturbations of its underlying assumptions為狀語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句部分可以切分為兩個(gè)部分：
1.since an argument , since an argument that is convincing only if it precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed
An argument loses all its force .為本句的主干。
That is convincing only if it is precise 作定語(yǔ)從句修飾argument.
If the assumptions are slightly changed 為狀語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)從句。
On which it is based 為定語(yǔ)從句修飾assumptions , which指代assumptions , 相當(dāng)于the argument is based on assumptions。
連在一起，本部分譯文可翻譯為：
如果一個(gè)只有在精確的情況下才能有說服力的論斷所基于的假設(shè)發(fā)生了細(xì)微變化，那么這個(gè)論斷會(huì)失去其全部的說服力。
注意：由于狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句都是修飾同一個(gè)argument ， 所以翻譯時(shí)可以把定語(yǔ)從句的信息先說明，這樣可以使得譯文更加順暢，符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
●活學(xué)活用案例二
A sacred place of peace , however crude it may be , is a distinctly human need , as opposed to shelter , which is a distinctly animal need .
【詞匯突破】
sacred 神圣的
crude 簡(jiǎn)陋的
shelter 棲息之地
distinctly 明顯地
opposed 與……相反的`
【主干識(shí)別】A sacred place of peace is a distinctly animal need .
【其他成分】狀語(yǔ)從句為however crude it may be =it maybe however crude.
意為無(wú)論……多么……，as opposed to shelter 在本句中作狀語(yǔ)。
【譯文賞析】一處神圣的和平之所，無(wú)論多么簡(jiǎn)陋，也明顯是人類所需要的，它同棲身之所是不一樣的，棲身之所顯然只是動(dòng)物的需求。
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