考研英語句型
1. But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.
【譯文】 但是我們忘記的是——我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)所依賴的就是遺忘——快樂遠(yuǎn)不是沒有痛苦的喜悅。最有可能給我們帶來最大快樂的東西也有可能會(huì)帶來損失和失望。
【析句】 在第一句中，主語是一個(gè)主語從句，破折號(hào)中間的成分是插入語。在第二句中，主語（The things）后面跟了一個(gè)定語從句。
【講詞】 potential作形容詞意為“潛在的,可能的”，作名詞表示“潛能,潛力”。 We have to be prepared for any potential difficulties.（我們應(yīng)對(duì)潛在的困難做好準(zhǔn)備。）The father detected soldier potential in the boy.（父親覺察到孩子天生是塊當(dāng)兵的料。）
2. Today,surrounded by promises of easy happiness,we need art to tell us,as religion once did,Memento mori: remember that you will die,that everything ends,and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet,somehow,a breath of fresh air.
【譯文】 今天，周圍到處都是輕易就能得到快樂的許諾，我們需要藝術(shù)來告訴我們死的象征意義，好比宗教曾經(jīng)告訴我們的那樣：記住，你會(huì)死的，一切終有結(jié)束的時(shí)候，快樂不在于否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)，而在于要接受這一點(diǎn)。這個(gè)信息雖說比丁香煙還要苦澀，然而不管怎樣卻也有一股清新的氣味。
【析句】 主干結(jié)構(gòu)是we need art to tell us，過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)（surrounded by promises of easy happiness）作狀語，注意Memento mori是作直接賓語，而us則是間接賓語。冒號(hào)后面的句子是Memento mori的同位語。另外，as religion once did作結(jié)果狀語。
【講詞】 Memento mori是拉丁語，意為“死的象征”。
clove cigarette（丁香香煙）含有少量的丁香，味道芬香，具有一定的止痛作用。
3. The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a “Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.
【譯文】 賭場(chǎng)因他是一個(gè)好顧客而發(fā)給他一張“游樂卡”，此卡可以積分并享受免費(fèi)的食品和飲料，并能使賭場(chǎng)跟蹤使用者的活動(dòng)。
【析句】 此句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The casino issued to him… a “Fun Card”。as a good customer是一個(gè)介賓短語，作him的后置定語。a “Fun Card”后面跟了一個(gè)定語從句，而這個(gè)定語從句又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，從句是when(it is) used in the casino，主句則有兩個(gè)并列的謂語成分：一是earns points for meals and drinks，一是enables the casino to tract the user’s gambling activities。
【講詞】 track在此句中的意思同monitor（監(jiān)視，記錄）。The air controller in Perth tracked the aircraft’s progress as it headed east across the desert.（在飛機(jī)朝東飛越沙漠時(shí)，珀斯的空中管制員跟蹤到飛機(jī)的航線。）track down可以表示“追到，查到，找到”。After two days of almost nightmare,I tracked down the problem.（經(jīng)過幾乎是噩夢(mèng)般的兩天，我終于查到了問題的所在。）
4. Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.
【譯文】 現(xiàn)在他正在起訴賭場(chǎng)，控告賭場(chǎng)既然知道他上癮就應(yīng)該阻止他上船。
【析句】 句子比較簡(jiǎn)單，但是應(yīng)該掌握句中關(guān)鍵的單詞。
【講詞】 sue意為“控告；請(qǐng)求；求婚”。He sued the department store for his personal injury he had suffered when he slipped on the floor inside the store.（他起訴了那家百貨大樓，要求對(duì)其在店內(nèi)滑倒所受到的人身傷害進(jìn)行賠償。）The enemy sued for peace after the battle.（敵人在戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束以后求和。）He sued for the hand of the girl he loved.（他向自己所愛的姑娘求婚。）
charge也有“起訴”的意思，但是charge還可以表示“指責(zé)”，不一定要正式起訴某人。
patron意為“贊助人，資助人；老顧客”。patronage表示“保護(hù),贊助,光顧”或“保護(hù)人的身份；老顧客的身份”。It seems our little establishment has finally been deemed worthy of the bank餾 patronage.（看來銀行終于認(rèn)為值得資助我們這種小機(jī)構(gòu)。）Shopkeepers thanked Christmas shoppers for their patronage.（店老板感謝圣誕節(jié)顧客的光臨。）
addict意為“上癮的人；癮君子”，a cigarette addict（煙民，煙鬼），a drug addict（吸毒者）。addicted意為“上癮；著迷”，如表示對(duì)什么上癮或著迷，后面要跟介詞to。例如：He was addicted to drugs.（他吸毒上癮。）
5. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well瞓eing.
【譯文】 鑒于其問題行為的“醫(yī)療和心理”性質(zhì)，信中表示在他出示醫(yī)學(xué)和心理學(xué)證明以示光顧不會(huì)對(duì)其安全和健康構(gòu)成任何威脅之前，賭場(chǎng)不會(huì)再次對(duì)他開放。
【析句】 句子的主干是the letter said。Noting…gambling behaviors是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，賓語是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句。從句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是he would have to present… his safety or well瞓eing，從句是before(he is) being readmitted to the casino。
【講詞】 /在英語中表示“和”的意思。
admit在句中的意思是“接納”。After two years in practice,he was admitted to the bar association.（從業(yè)兩年以后，他加入了律師協(xié)會(huì)。）You will not be admitted to the auditorium without a ticket.（沒有票是不會(huì)讓你進(jìn)禮堂的。）
well瞓eing表示“康樂,安寧,福利”，臺(tái)灣人喜歡譯成“福祉”。We should put the people first and give priority to the people’s well瞓eing.（我們應(yīng)該把人民放在首位，以人民的安康為重。）
6. Every entrance ticket lists a toll瞗ree number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will”.
【譯文】 每張入場(chǎng)券上都印有印第安納心理健康中心的免費(fèi)咨詢電話號(hào)碼。然而，威廉斯的訴訟指責(zé)賭場(chǎng)明知他“成癮不能自拔”，還故意設(shè)法“引誘”他“繼續(xù)違反其意愿的行為”。
【析句】 第二句中charge所跟的賓語從句主干為the casino… worked to “l(fā)ure” him to…。
【講詞】 toll作名詞主要表示“（鐘、鈴）聲；征稅；收費(fèi)；傷亡”。The death toll from the train accident over the weekend passed 250.（在上周末的火車脫軌事故中死亡的人數(shù)超過了250。）toll瞗ree意為“免費(fèi)”，例如：Most big companies have toll瞗ree numbers.（多數(shù)大公司都有免費(fèi)電話。）
suit作名詞有“起訴，訴訟”意，等于law suit。
work在句中表示“設(shè)法”。All his life,he worked to help the poor rural women.（他一生都設(shè)法幫助那些貧窮的'農(nóng)村婦女。）
7. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
【譯文】 《精神錯(cuò)亂診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》第四版寫道：“病態(tài)”是一種持續(xù)反復(fù)并難以控制的行為，與其說是追求金錢，倒不如說是為了尋求冒險(xiǎn)博取橫財(cái)?shù)拇碳ぁ?/p>
【析句】 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The fourth edition… says，賓語是一個(gè)從句，其主語是“pathological gambling”，謂語是involves，賓語是一個(gè)less… than…構(gòu)成的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，比較pursuit of money和pursuit of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall。
【講詞】 pursuit意為“追求”，pursuit of money即表示“對(duì)金錢的追求”。
to take risks(the risk) in doing sth表示“冒險(xiǎn)做某事”。The entrepreneurs took the risk in lending their mo瞡ey and hoped that the business they invested in would succeed.（企業(yè)家冒險(xiǎn)借出他們的錢，希望他們所投資的生意會(huì)成功。）
quest表示“追求；尋找”。The company is questing for improving its service.（公司正在追求改進(jìn)服務(wù)。）The quest for truth has never been more important than it is now.（對(duì)真理的追求從來沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣重要。）
8. Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
【譯文】 在科學(xué)或所謂的科學(xué)的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，社會(huì)正對(duì)曾被視為性格缺陷或道德缺失的東西重新進(jìn)行歸類，認(rèn)為是類似于身體殘疾的性格失衡。
【析句】 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是society is reclassifying，賓語是what…moral failings，后面的成分（as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities）是賓語補(bǔ)足語。被動(dòng)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)（Pushed by science,or what claims to be science）作全句的狀語。
【講詞】 flaws意為“缺點(diǎn)；裂紋；瑕疵”，character flaws指“性格缺陷”。 They share the character flaw of arrogance.（他們都有傲慢的缺點(diǎn)。）
failings意為“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”。
physical disability意為“身體殘疾或缺陷”，這里的physical意為“身體的，生理的”。
akin意為“同類的，類似的”。I should teach my students that science is akin to common sense.（我要教導(dǎo)學(xué)生，讓他們了解科學(xué)類似于常識(shí)。）The situation there is akin to that of the West before the rise of the ready瞭o瞱ear industry in the early 1900s.（這種情形與20世紀(jì)初成衣工業(yè)出現(xiàn)前的西方相仿。）
9. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
【譯文】 令人擔(dān)心的是，社會(huì)越發(fā)把行為問題當(dāng)作是疾病來治療，常把更為堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的上幾代人稱之為意志薄弱的行為定義成上癮。
【析句】 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,其中it作形式主語。often defining as… weakness of will是medicalizing的伴隨狀語。注意more and more在句中是副詞，修飾medicalizing。
【講詞】 will作名詞時(shí)意為“意愿；意志”，will power意為“意志力，自制力”。Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者，事竟成。）The international community needs to demonstrate its political will to end hunger.（國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)該拿出根除饑餓的政治意志來。）When you have the will to win,you will find the skill to win.（你要是有贏的意志，就會(huì)獲得贏的技巧。）
will作名詞還可表示“遺愿；遺囑”。Never yielding to Victorian conventions,Collins had insisted upon a simple funeral in his will.(考林斯一生都不愿迎合維多利亞時(shí)代的習(xí)俗，他在遺囑中要求在他死后只舉辦一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的葬禮。）
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