考研英語(yǔ)難句突破9句
1. If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition餾 behalf.
【譯文】 如果抱負(fù)得到高度的重視，那么它的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲望、對(duì)個(gè)人命運(yùn)的掌握——?jiǎng)t必須被認(rèn)為值得為之做出犧牲。
【析句】 此句包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句If ambition is to be well regarded，全句的主語(yǔ)是the rewards of ambition，謂語(yǔ)是must be deemed，而破折號(hào)中的詞語(yǔ)是插入語(yǔ)，作the rewards的同位語(yǔ)。made on ambition's behalf是 the sacrifices的定語(yǔ)。
【講詞】 distinction在句中意為“聲望”。
ambition有“野心，雄心”的意思，但是考慮到“野心”和“雄心”在漢語(yǔ)中的含意不盡相同，一個(gè)是負(fù)面的表述，一個(gè)是正面的表述，因此譯成“抱負(fù)”比較合適。
worthy of意為“對(duì)得起”或“不辜負(fù)”。He is a man worthy of our admiration.（他是一個(gè)值得我們稱贊的人。）Is he worthy of your love?（他值得你愛(ài)嗎？）
on behalf of意為“為了；代表”。This is a statement issued on behalf of the president.（這是以總統(tǒng)名義發(fā)表的聲明。）I’d like to offer my congratulations on behalf of my family.（我代表全家向你表示祝賀。）
2. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.
【譯文】 如果抱負(fù)的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么它就應(yīng)該受到廣泛的推崇，尤其應(yīng)該受到那些自身得到他人羨慕的人們的高度重視，尤其是其中接受過(guò)良好教育的人。
【析句】 本句由兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成。前一個(gè)分句包含由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)，主句中的主語(yǔ)it指代the tradition of ambition。后一分句中who are themselves admired修飾 people，the educated not least among them是people的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人”。The educated among them是指為人仰慕的.人當(dāng)中那些接受過(guò)良好教育的人。
【講詞】 not least與not least of all意思相同，意為“尤其是”。It pays to know the enemy,not least because at some time you may have the opportunity to turn him into a friend.（了解敵人有好處，尤其是在某個(gè)時(shí)候你也許有機(jī)會(huì)把你的敵人變成你的朋友。）Control is critical to any business success,not least of all in China.（控制對(duì)于生意的成功是至關(guān)重要的，尤其是在中國(guó)。）
3. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
【譯文】 這其中有著濃厚的虛偽成分，恰如馬跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門那樣，而受過(guò)良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。
【析句】 a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，with the educated themselves riding on them是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)中的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。后句的比喻，即馬跑了再關(guān)上馬廄的門與漢語(yǔ)的成語(yǔ)“亡羊補(bǔ)牢”沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盜鈴”。作者在這里批評(píng)那些接受過(guò)良好教育的人，他們本人有野心或雄心，但卻反過(guò)來(lái)譴責(zé)抱負(fù)。
【講詞】 hypocrisy意為“虛偽；偽善”。The Open Door policy advocated by the United States is sheer hypocrisy.（美國(guó)所倡導(dǎo)的門戶開(kāi)放政策是十足的虛偽表現(xiàn)。）hypocritical是形容詞，意為“虛偽的”，hypocrite指虛偽的人。
note意為“口氣，口吻；調(diào)子；成分”。There is a note of anxiety in her voice.(她的聲音里有一點(diǎn)焦急的意思。）
4. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
【譯文】 當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并未比從前減弱。避暑別墅、歐洲旅行、寶馬車——它們的位置、地名和商標(biāo)可能會(huì)改變，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前減少。
【析句】 此處出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。另外注意句中的雙重否定：一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。
【講詞】 summer homes指富人在夏天避暑的房子，因此應(yīng)該譯成“避暑別墅”。 name brands指商標(biāo)。
in demand意為“有需求”。The careers in demand that we have identified all require some level of education.（我們所公布的待聘職位都需要一定的教育程度。） Qualified teachers are in great demand in the rural areas.（農(nóng)村地區(qū)需要大量合格的教師。）
5. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
【譯文】 現(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易而公開(kāi)地坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想，惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛(ài)出風(fēng)頭、貪婪、庸俗。
【析句】 what一詞指代的是that引導(dǎo)的從句（that people cannot confess fully to their dreams），as easily and openly as once they could作從句的狀語(yǔ)。此外 lest引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)帶虛擬語(yǔ)氣的假設(shè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
【講詞】 pushing意為“有進(jìn)取心的,有沖勁的,急切的”。
acquisitive意為“好學(xué)的；貪婪的”，例如：The boy was so acquisitive that he seemed interested in learning everything.（男孩很好學(xué)，不管學(xué)什么他似乎都有興趣。）In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.（在一個(gè)貪婪的社會(huì)里,貪財(cái)是自私自利的突出表現(xiàn)形式。）
vulgar意為“粗俗的,庸俗的，下流的”。the technical and vulgar names of an animal species(動(dòng)物種類的科學(xué)名稱和通俗名稱。）The newly rich like to dispaly their vulgar houses and cars.（新富喜歡炫耀其庸俗的房屋和汽車。）
6. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three瞫tar restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
【譯文】 相反我們目睹了比以前任何時(shí)候都多的虛偽景觀：美國(guó)物欲主義批評(píng)家在南安普頓擁有一幢避暑別墅，激進(jìn)圖書(shū)的出版商在三星級(jí)餐館就餐，倡導(dǎo)終生參與民主制的新聞?dòng)浾甙炎约旱淖优瓦M(jìn)私立學(xué)校。
【析句】 本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句（which now more than ever seem in ample supply）修飾spectacles。冒號(hào)后面的成分是三個(gè)并列的名詞性短語(yǔ)，其核心詞分別是critic，publisher和 journalist。
spectacles在文中意為“壯觀景象”，有一定的反諷意味。
【講詞】 be treated to“被款待，被招待”，例如：She treated herself to a day in the country.（她花了一天時(shí)間在鄉(xiāng)間游玩。）該詞組的意思是to be provided with或to be given,因而，在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮加上合適的動(dòng)詞。
in supply和in demand詞義相反，意為“供應(yīng)”，in ample supply意為“供應(yīng)充足”。反之，表示“供應(yīng)短缺”英語(yǔ)是in short supply。
7. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptio瞡al,the proper formulation is,“Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
【譯文】 對(duì)于這樣的人，以及更多也許不太出色的人而言，恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨闇?zhǔn)則是：“不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但要避免讓人看出雄心勃勃。”
【析句】 For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional是句子的狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是the proper formulation，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is，表語(yǔ)是引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容。
【講詞】 formulation意為“配方；公式；簡(jiǎn)潔的陳述”。在此句中，formulation譯成“行為準(zhǔn)則”比較合適。
at all costs意為“不惜一切代價(jià)”，一個(gè)相關(guān)的詞組是at the cost of（以……為代價(jià)），其含義和用法與at the expense of相同。Economic development should not be achieved at the cost of our environment.（經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展不能以犧牲我們的環(huán)境為代價(jià)。）
exceptional表示“例外的, 異常的”。All her children are clever, but the youngest daughter is really exceptio瞡al.（她的孩子們都很聰明，但最小的女兒尤為突出。）
8. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where they are not extremely unattractive.
【譯文】 對(duì)抱負(fù)的攻擊非常之多，而且觀點(diǎn)不盡相同；公開(kāi)為之辯解的則少之又少，而且并不為人注意，盡管他們并非一點(diǎn)吸引力也沒(méi)有。
【析句】 此句是用分號(hào)隔開(kāi)的兩個(gè)并列句。where they are not extremely unattractive是定語(yǔ)從句，從整體上來(lái)修飾its public defenders。
【講詞】 angle意為“角度”，這里特指看問(wèn)題的角度。Personally,though,I am more interested in looking at the issue from another angle.（盡管就我個(gè)人而言，我更有興趣從另外一個(gè)角度看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題。）
perspective原意為“透視畫法，透視圖”，轉(zhuǎn)意為“遠(yuǎn)景；前途；觀點(diǎn)；（認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題的）角度”。It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the pre-sent.（偶爾回顧過(guò)去有助于展望未來(lái)。）He tried to explore from the perspective of history the uniqueness of Asia’s development.（他試圖從歷史的角度來(lái)探討亞洲發(fā)展的獨(dú)特性。）
9. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.
【譯文】 這并不意味著抱負(fù)已經(jīng)窮途末路，人們不再感覺(jué)到它對(duì)人們的激勵(lì)了；而只是說(shuō)明人們不再公開(kāi)地以它為榮，更不愿公開(kāi)地坦承了。
【析句】 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干是this does not mean,后面接了3個(gè)并列的that從句作mean的賓語(yǔ)。在第三個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入語(yǔ)，作該從句的狀語(yǔ)。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。
【講詞】 stir的意思是“攪動(dòng)；轟動(dòng)”，在句中的意思是“為之所動(dòng)”或“為之激動(dòng)”。prompt有“提示；激勵(lì)”的意思，其在句中的意思與stir相同。profess意為“公開(kāi)承認(rèn)”，例如：He professed to despise everything that had happened since 1850.（他自稱厭惡自1850年以來(lái)發(fā)生的一切事情。）profess還可表示“宣誓入教”，即參與某個(gè)宗教團(tuán)體。
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