考研英語教你靈活拆分長難句
【摘要】總有人說考研英語得閱讀者得天下,而閱讀中難點重點又在于對句子結構的分析,也就避不開所謂的長難句,想必各位考研er們也想知道有沒有什么拆分長難句的小秘訣,那就趕快看看幫幫今天給你的這篇吧!
有的考研er遇到長難句,可能會感到迷茫,無所適從;其實英語里的所有句子,不管句子多長,結構多么復雜,看起來多難,無外乎是由英語中的8種句子成分(即:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、補語、定語、狀語、同位語)組合而成,或者說是在英語中的5種基本句型(即:主謂結構、主謂賓結構、主系表結構、主謂雙賓結構、主謂賓賓補結構)的框架之上添加修飾成分擴展而來的,所以只要掌握了長難句拆分的方法,再長再難的句子就都迎刃而解了。
考研英語長難句拆分要遵循這樣的原則:把主句和從句拆分出來,把主干部分和修飾部分拆分出來。但是遇到長難句時,具體要從哪些地方切入進行拆分呢?
★考研英語長難句拆分信號:
1、標點符號:
比如,2個逗號形成插入語,破折號表示解釋說明,分號相當于"and"表示并列;
2、連詞:
并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等,從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介詞:
介詞引導介詞短語,介詞短語在句子中可充當定語、狀語等修飾成分;
4、不定式符號to:
不定式符號to引導不定式短語,在句子中除了可以充當主語、賓語、表語、補語等主干成分外,還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;
5、分詞:
分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,在句子中可充當定語和狀語修飾成分。
★實戰(zhàn)演練
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
1、句子拆分
拆分點:從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail
2、句子結構
找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen)
找連詞(when, that, that)
前面沒有從屬連詞的'動詞即為主句的謂語動詞
確定主從句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;
從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句嵌套著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
3、解析
during the Second World War(介詞短語做狀語)when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail (做定語修飾)the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail(同位語從句修飾)conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment(修飾)demands。
4、本句的參考譯文
這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當時一些國家的政府得出結論:政府向科研機構提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。
總之,只要考生對句子結構有個透徹的理解,弄清句子的各個成分,并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得復雜,由復雜變得簡單,這樣句子結構分析技能提高了,長難句也就攻克了,對于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡單了。
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