考研英語閱讀理解B型題測試題附答案
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Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
Americans wear black for mourning. Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters. Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. 1）
His findings go far toward explaining why American cultures seem so contentious and Chinese cultures so passive, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in fundamental ways. 2）said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Borkeley assistant professor of psychology.
"Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument," said Peng. "The problem is that at the interpersonal level, you really don't need to find the truth, or may be there isn't any." "Chinese people," said Peng, "are far more content to think that both sides have flaws and virtues, because they have a holistic awareness that life is full of contradictions." "They do far less blaming of the individual than do Americans," he added.
In studies of interpersonal argument, for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were "non-compromising, blaming one side - usually the mother - for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offering no compromise" in dealing with the conflict.
3）
In tests of scientific thinking, however, the Chinese came up short. Asked to determine which statement was true-- whether, for instance, smoking makes people gain or lose weight-- Chinese respondents took the middle road, even when they believed one statement to be less true than another.
4）
He believes that this tendency to find the middle way has hampered Chinese efforts to seek out scientific truth through aggressive argumentation, the classic Western method for forging a linear path through contradictory information, which results in identifying right and wrong answers.
Dialectical thinking also has a Western version, which Americans often consider the highest, most sophisticated form of reasoning, said Peng. This type of reasoning allows people to proceed from thesis to antithesis, to synthesis.
5）
�。跘］In Chinese folk wisdom, by comparison, people do not attempt to work through the contradictions, following a cultural tradition which holds that reality is "multi-layered, unpredictable and contradictory," and is in a constant state of change, Peng said.
�。跙］"It can hardly be right to move to the middle when you have just read evidence for a less plausible view. Yet that is what the Chinese subjects did," said Peng.
�。跜］The Chinese could learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, and Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life.
�。跠］Compared to this angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons of compromise, finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.
［E］The best way is to use both one style for science and another for relationships. Maybe that will be the real benefit of multi-culturalism.
�。跢］"They should stop blaming each other, poor people and immigrants, and talk about what we can do as a society to become more tolerant," said Peng.
�。跥］ Now a University of California, Berkeley, Psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures-- polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.
答案及詳解
1.G。文章開頭即指明中、西文化宛如地球的兩個端點，從第二段第二句以及第六段的“In tests of scientific … short”看，此處作者想更進一步表明中、西在“reason and discover truth”上的差異。
2.C。前文是兩者的不同，這里指出應互相學習。
干擾項為E，但我們注意到，E過于籠統(tǒng)，而C句中的“scientific truth”與“social and personal life”與下面展開的段落直接相關，所以選C。
3.D。上一段舉例表明美國人在人際關系中，互相指責，此段作為對比，顯示了中國人的中庸之道，這一段是圍繞第三段中“They do far less blaming of the individual than do Americans.”展開的。
4.B。在肯定中國人在處理人際關系中的優(yōu)勢后，作者隨即指出其在 scientific thinking 上折中主義的劣勢，從下文的“hamper”可以看出，作者對在科學問題上也采用折中主義這種方法是不贊成的'，因此我們選B。
5.A。對比中西方辨證思維模式的不同。從上文中的西方的推理是由正題推出反題，進而推出合理看，此處應為論述中國人認為現(xiàn)實是“multilayered, contradictions”的思維方式。
中心思想
本文論述了中美文明在社會關系和科學問題上的差異，美國人在人際關系中比較好斗，而中國人傾向?qū)で笳壑械慕鉀Q方案，在科學問題中，中國人也經(jīng)常采用中間路線，美國人的直線前進的方法，往往可以辨明正確和錯誤的答案，作者主張生活中采用中國方式，科學上采用美國方式。
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