2018考研英語閱讀理解考試題

　　考試題一：

　　Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything——including spending a lot of money——to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is， more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply don't work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process， according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

　　The report， based on interviews with the parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities， contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their children's asthma. After that， however， many parents seemed to go astray， taking precautions that weren't helpful “and made little sense，” according to Dr. Michael Cabana， a pediatrician at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital， who led the study.

　　One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more： shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies， a dehumidifier works better.

　　Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved， over and over again， to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called “questionable utility.”

　　Part of the problem， Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe， is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners， ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time， or have the time， to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example， allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma， while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand what's really triggering your child's asthma. And remember， the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.

　　注(1)：本文選自Time，8/30/2004，p67;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題Text 1

　　1. What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?

　　[A]Parents are eager to cure of their children‘s disease.

　　[B]Many parents are wasting money for their children‘s frightening disease.

　　[C] Many parents fail to find the effective way for their children‘s disease.

　　[D]Parents feel worried about their children‘s disease.

　　2. Which of the following is not the trigger of asthma attacks?

　　[A]Humidifier.

　　[B]Second-hand smoke.

　　[C]Plant pollen.

　　[D]Dust mites.

　　3. The expression “to keep an attack at bay” (Line 3， Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.

　　[A]to ease the attack

　　[B]to lessen the attack

　　[C]to continue the attack

　　[D]to prevent the attack

　　4. Why are the parents in such a dilemma?

　　[A]The doctors are not responsible enough.

　　[B]Parents are influenced much by ads.

　　[C]Parents are ignorant of the disease.

　　[D]The quality of medical products is not good.

　　5. Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　[A]Parents shouldn‘t spend too much money on the children.

　　[B]The expensive products are not always good.

　　[C]To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.

　　[D]Parents often make mistakes.

　　答案：CADBC

　　考試題二：

　　Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night， but a lot of us get by just fine on less， and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke——probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.

　　Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon， it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride， confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness， a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously， surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.

　　“I could tell you horror stories，” says Jaya Agrawal， president of the American Medical Student Association， which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours，” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”

　　“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work，” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey Turnpike， going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy，” writes a third， because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”

　　Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001， introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions， modeled on New York State's regulations， include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors， however， resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley， a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan， agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience， not by the government.”

　　The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors， patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one， you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors， for their part， have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.

　　注(1)：本文選自Time;3/11/2002， p73， 3/4p， 1c;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象：第1、2題分別模仿1999年真題text4的第1題和text2的'第2題;第3題模仿1998年真題text3的第2題;第4、5題分別模仿2004年真題text2的第3題和text3的第5題;

　　1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ____________.

　　[A] people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness

　　[B] poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder

　　[C] stroke is often associated with sleep

　　[D] too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep

　　2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face， the author implies that ________________.

　　[A] doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic

　　[B] doctors‘ sleep is deprived by residents

　　[C] doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems

　　[D] sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated

　　3. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to ____________.

　　[A] entertain the audience with some anecdotes

　　[B] discuss the cause of doctors‘ sleep problems

　　[C] show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients

　　[D] exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep

　　4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience， not by the government” (line 6， paragraph 5)， Dr. Charles Binkley means that ____________.

　　[A] doctors should not abide by government‘s regulations

　　[B] the government is interfering too much

　　[C] the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific

　　[D] law can not force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can

　　5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

　　[A] Patients should control the hours of their doctors.

　　[B] Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors‘。

　　[C] Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.

　　[D] People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.

　　答案：B C D B C

　　考試題三：

　　WHAT do you do when everyone hates you? That is the problem faced by America's pharmaceutical industry. Despite its successes in treating disease and extending longevity， soaring health-care costs and bumper profits mean that big drug firms are widely viewed as exploitative， and regarded almost as unfavourably as tobacco and oil firms (see chart)。 Last week， at a conference organised by The Economist in Philadelphia， the drug industry was offered some advice from an unlikely source： a tobacco firm. Steven Parrish of Altria， the conglomerate that includes Philip Morris， gave his perspective on how an industry can improve its tarnished public image.

　　Comparing the tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem absurd， or even offensive. “Their products kill people. Our products save people's lives，” says Alan Holmer， the head of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America， an industry association. Yet the drug giants currently face an unprecedented onslaught of class-action lawsuits and public scrutiny; industry bosses are being grilled by lawmakers asking who knew what and when. It is all reminiscent of what happened to the tobacco industry in 1994.

　　Mr Parrish advised drug firms to abandon their bunker mentality and engage with their critics. Rather than arguing about the past， he said， it is better to move on， and give people something new to think about. (Philip Morris now acknowledges， for example， that cigarettes are addictive and deadly， and is trying to develop less harmful products.) Not everyone is open to persuasion， so focus on those who are， he said. But changing opinions takes time and demands deeds as well as words： “This is not about spin， this is about change.”

　　The pharmaceutical industry is pursuing a range of initiatives to mollify its critics， Mr Holmer noted in his own speech. But Mr Parrish suggested that speaking with one voice through a trade association might be counter-productive， since it can give the impression that the industry is a monolithic cartel. And too much advertising， he said， can actually antagonise people further.

　　The audience was generally receptive， claims Mr Parrish. This is not the first time he has offered his thoughts on dealing with implacable critics. At a conference at the University of Michigan last year， he offered America's State Department advice on improving America's image in the Middle East. So does his prescription work? There has been a positive shift in attitudes towards tobacco firms， if only a small one. But at least， for once， a tobacco firm is peddling a cure， rather than a disease.

　　GRAPH： Unpopularity contest

　　Economist; 11/27/2004， Vol. 373 Issue 8403， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph

　　注(1)：本文選自Economist; 11/27/2004， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象第1題2004年真題text 4第1題，第2題模仿1994年真題text 3第1題，第3題模仿1996年真題text 3第3題，第4題模仿1997年真題text 3第2題，第5題2004年真題text 4第5題;

　　1. Why is America‘s pharmaceutical industry so unpopular?

　　[A] Because it， like tobacco and oil firms， does harm to people‘s health and environment.

　　[B] Because it fails to cure disease and make people live longer.

　　[C] Because the prices of its products are too high and its profit margin is too wide.

　　[D] Because it exploits its employees.

　　2. Alan Holmer is quoted to illustrate that __________.

　　[A] the comparison between tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem ridiculous， or even insulting

　　[B] the pharmaceutical industries agree that they are similar to tobacco industry

　　[C] tobacco products do more harm to people than pharmaceutical products

　　[D] pharmaceutical industries are currently facing lots of problems

　　3. According to the text， Mr. Parrish gives the following suggestions to drug firms except ______.

　　[A] To acknowledge the problems and try to do something to improve their images.

　　[B] Not to react to the public in one voice through the drug association.

　　[C] Not to care about the past.

　　[D] To try to spend time and energy to persuade the majority of the audience who are open to persuasion.

　　4. The word “mollify” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) might mean?

　　[A] placate.

　　[B] enrage.

　　[C] fight.

　　[D] relieve.

　　5. What does the author imply by saying “This is not the first time he has offered his

　　thoughts on dealing with implacable critics.“?

　　[A] Mr. Parrish has offered his advice to other on dealing with tough critics for several times.

　　[B] Mr. Parrish has dealt successfully with other critics himself.

　　[C] Mr. Parrish has given sound advice to drug firms.

　　[D] Mr. Parrish has been of help to others on critical moments.

　　答案：C A C A C

　　考試題四：

　　The countdown goes something like this： 3) IRS auditor， 2) ex-husband's new 20-year-old girlfriend， 1) dentist. The top three people we most hate to see.

　　“Let's face it，” says Dr. Lorin Berland， a dentist in Dallas. “Dentistry can suck.” A third of Americans， according to the National Center for Health Statistics， haven't even set foot in the dentist's office in the past year. Berland， along with an increasing number of dentists all over the country， is trying to change that. He wants dental appointments to be less about pain and drilling and more about relaxation， foot massage and soothing aromatherapy.

　　Spa dentistry， as it's called， means you can enjoy a hot paraffin-wax hand treatment while getting your teeth cleaned. Or you can slip on some virtual-reality glasses and watch your favorite movie. Or you might just lie back and let the scent of lavender and the sound of falling water quiet your anxiety， while a licensed massage therapist eases the crick in your neck. Most vacations aren't this good. In response to spa dentistry's growing popularity， the Chicago Dental Society will teach its first course on the practice at its annual midwinter meeting in February， expected to attract 35，000 industry professionals.

　　“Some people are born to cater to people， and others have to be taught，” says Dr. Grace Sun， a dentist in Los Angeles who， without benefit of a lecture， offers massage， fruit smoothies and movies. In addition， she provides luxury hotel-style concierge services： while you're in the (vibrating， of course) chair， her staff makes dinner reservations， takes your cell-phone calls， baby-sits， dog-sits， orders in food or does just about anything else you ask.

　　Dr. Debra Gray King of the Atlanta Center for Cosmetic Dentistry calls her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry” and in fact sends her “dental concierges” to the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center for training in client relations. They're taught to squire each patient as he or she navigates the various rooms of the center's luxe 8，400-sq.-ft. Twelve Oaks——esque mansion. Once in the dentist's chair， King's patients can use the attached flat-panel monitor to watch TV， play a DVD or surf the Web. Can't see the screen? No worries， there's one wired to the ceiling too. Noise-reduction headphones block the screech of the drill and play a CD of your choice， and the specially constructed dental chair channels the sound waves from the music into a full-body massage. “The more relaxed the patient is，” says King， “the easier our job.”

　　Patients are responding. Martha Dickey， a magazine publisher in Atlanta， says a hot paraffin-wax treatment can “change your whole feeling about going to the dentist. You feel like you're there to get nurtured and pampered. It's fabulous. Every one of your senses is taken care of.” If only the offices of the IRS were as pleasant.

　　注(1)：本文選自Time; 12/30/2002-1/6/2003， p155， 3/4p， 1c;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年text 1;

　　1. How do Dr. Berland and some other American dentists try to change the image of

　　dentistry?

　　[A] They try to change it by facing it bravely.

　　[B] They try to change it by teaching patients how to take good care of their teeth.

　　[C] They try to change it by providing new services to help patients feel relaxed and at home.

　　[D] They try to change it by relieving patients‘ pain with new pills.

　　2. Which of the following is not a service provided by spa dentistry?

　　[A] a vacation

　　[B] spa

　　[C] massage

　　[D] dental treatment

　　3. The expression “cater to” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) most probably means _______.

　　[A] meet the requirements of sb.

　　[B] be to sb‘s liking

　　[C] take sb. seriously

　　[D] serve sb. well

　　4. Why does Dr. Debra Gray King call her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry”?

　　[A] Because her “dental concierges” are trained at the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center.

　　[B] Because her cosmetic dentistry center provides the kind of concierge services luxury hotels like Ritz-Carlton provide.

　　[C] Because her Center is located in a mansion as large as Ritz-Carlton.

　　[D] Because her patients are also guests at Ritz-Carlton.

　　5. Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　[A] Dr. Grace Sun learned her new practice from the course offered by the Chicago Dental Society.

　　[B] The author hopes that dentist‘s offices can be as comfortable the offices of the IRS.

　　[C] The patients like the new services provided by the dentists mentioned in the text very much.

　　[D] Dental appointments are often associated with relaxation.

　　答案：C A D B C

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