2018考研英語完型填空模擬試題及答案解析

　　模擬題一：

　　The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.

　　Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.

　　But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”

　　1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments

　　2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching

　　3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over

　　4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where

　　5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed

　　6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect

　　7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting

　　8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With

　　9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil

　　10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring

　　11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely

　　12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to

　　13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while

　　14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix

　　15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered

　　16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort

　　17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such

　　18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which

　　19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for

　　20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of

　　答案

　　1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D

　　11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C

　　總體分析

　　本文講述了英國車速監(jiān)控攝像體系擴張計劃的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一計劃的支持者(警察和財政部門)和反對者(機動車管理機構)的觀點。

　　全文翻譯

　　一旦擴大車速監(jiān)控攝像體系，這個國家財政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬收入。機動車管理機構警告說這種罰款可能變成對汽車征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時，《每日郵報》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴張計劃，就是在考慮加入其中。

　　預計(在實施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達9000萬。按照計劃，警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機的費用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財政部。財政部長們和警察都堅持認為該計劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個試點地區(qū)撞車事故減少了四分之一，嚴重傷亡事故減少至一半。

　　但是機動車管理機構擔心警察為了多開罰單會把攝像機裝在相對安全但行車速度較快的直行道上，還會為車速監(jiān)控攝像機設置最低合法車速標準，如把正常的每小時10英里限速提高到每小時15英里，每小時20英里限速提高到每小時26英里。這樣做會使司機盯著自己的里程計而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國皇家汽車俱樂部(RAC)活動負責人休。尼科爾森說，“嚴格上說，我們對車速監(jiān)控攝像機并無意見，我們擔憂的是它們被安放的地點。如果把監(jiān)控攝像機視為(政府)聚斂財政收入的手段而不是安全設施，那么警察就可能喪失他們在駕駛者心目中的威信”

　　模擬題二：

　　When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were equally effective on television. Some of the 1 they experienced when they were trying to 2 themselves to the new medium were technical. When working 3 radio, for example, they had become 4 to seeing on 5 of the listener. This 6 of seeing for others means that the 7 has to be very good at talking. 8 all, he has to be able to 9 a continuous sequence of visual images which 10 meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the 11 of television, however, the commentator sees 12 with the viewer. His role, therefore, is 13 different. He is there to make 14 that the viewer does not 15 some points of interest, to help him 16 on particular things, and to 17 the images on the television screen. 18 his radio colleague, he must know the 19 of silence and how to use it at those moments 20 the pictures speaks for themselves.

　　1. A. difficultiesB. successesC. sufferingsD. incidents

　　2. A. turnB. adaptC. alterD. modify

　　3. A. onB. atC. with D. behind

　　4. A. experiencedB. determinedC. establishedD. accustomed

　　5. A. accountB. sideC. pointD. behalf

　　6. A. efficiencyB. technologyC. artD. performance

　　7. A. commentatorB. TV viewerC. speakerD. author

　　8. A. OfB. ForC. AboveD. In

　　9. A. inspire B. createC. causeD. perceive

　　10. A. addB. applyC. affectD. reflect

　　11. A. occasionB. eventC. factD. case

　　12. A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything

　　13. A. equallyB. completelyC. initiallyD. hardly

　　14. A. definiteB. possibleC. sureD. clear

　　15. A. loseB. depriveC. relieveD. miss

　　16. A. focusB. attendC. followD. insist

　　17. A. exhibitB. demonstrateC. exposeD. interpret

　　18. A. LikeB. UnlikeC. AsD. For

　　19. A. purposeB. goalC. valueD. intention

　　20. A. ifB. when C. whichD. as

　　參考答案及解析：

　　1. 【答案】A. difficulties

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。本句譯文：當他們試圖適應這種新的媒體時他們遇到的困難是技術性的。

　　2. 【答案】 B. adapt

　　【解析】本題測試結構型詞義搭配。adapt oneself to sth. 使……適應于：When you go to a foreign country, you should adapt yourself to new manners and customs.

　　turn to 求助于 ：You can turn to him for help when you are in trouble. (你有困難時可以求助于他)

　　alter (部分的)改變，修改：Have you altered your mind? (你是否已改變主意?)

　　modify (稍稍)修改，變更：You have to modify the plan if necessary. 此外，modify 還可以作“修飾”解，如：Adverbs modify verbs. (副詞修飾動詞。)

　　3.【答案】A. on

　　【解析】本題測試慣用搭配。on radio 用無線電，通過廣播(強調(diào)行為手段)：The concert is broadcast on radio. on radio 在涵義上相當于 by radio, 例如，We can listen to music broadcast by radio. 此外，還有on the radio 意為：“通過廣播，無線電廣播中”，例如：1) I listen to the music on the radio. 2) There was good music on the radio last night.

　　at, with, behind 與 radio 不能構成慣用搭配，而且從上下文意思上看也不符合題意。

　　1. 【答案】D. accustomed

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。be(或 become ,get ) accustomed to sth. or to doing sth.習慣于：You will soon get accustomed to the climate here. (你會很快習慣這里的氣候的。)從上下文的邏輯意思和語法結構上看，experienced, determined, established 均不切題。

　　5.【答案】D. behalf

　　【解析】本題測試慣用搭配。on behalf of 代表，為了。 on account of 由于;on the side of 在…. 一邊;be on the point of doing sth. 剛要做某事。

　　6. 【答案】C. art

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。art 技能，本領：the art of seeing for others 意為：“這種替別人看實況的技能”。technology 技術，performance 演出，節(jié)目，執(zhí)行，完成;efficiency 效率，均不符合題意。

　　7.【答案】A. commentator

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯型詞義搭配。

　　本句譯為：這種替別人看實況的技能意味著，電視解說員必須有高超的談話藝術。

　　8.【答案】C.Above

　　【解析】本題測試慣用搭配。above all (= most important) 最重要的。 in all 總共：There are thirty students in all in the class. for all 是復合介詞，意為“盡管”。

　　模擬題三：

　　Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.

　　About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them.

　　After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.

　　We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive.

　　1. A. setB. gotC. madeD. took

　　2. A evenB. thoughC. soD. if

　　3. A. when B. whereC. asD. so that

　　4. A. fallenB. flownC. splitD. blown

　　5. A. viewB. visionC. lookD. glimpse

　　6. A. came upB. came outC. came overD. came on

　　7. A. viewedB. noticedC. notifiedD. glanced

　　8. A. afterB. beforeC. unlessD. until

　　9. A. motionlesslyB. constantlyC. steadilyD. continually

　　10. A. In spite ofB. In relation toC. In case ofD. In the event of

　　11. A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything

　　12. A. laid outB. made outC. drawn outD. marked out

　　13. A. withoutB. inC. beyondD. out of date

　　14. A. wrenchB. wedgeC. padD. pinch

　　15. A. cut downB. cut away C. cut outD. cut off

　　16. A. positionB. situationC. occupationD. orientation

　　17. A. died outB. died offC. died backD. died down

　　18. A. Instead ofB. FurthermoreC. IndeedD. At last

　　19. A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better

　　20. A. climbedB. crashedC. creptD. crawled

　　參考答案及解析：

　　1. 【答案】C. made

　　【解析】本題測試慣用搭配. make towards(=make for, go forwards, move in the direction of …) 朝….走去。

　　2. 【答案】B. though

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配.though 表示讓步意義，引導讓步狀語從句。因為從句主語和主句主語相同，從句謂語又包含be,所以從句中的主語和助動詞可以省略。例如：1) The girl, though plain, had a good kind face. 2) I went on talking , though continually interrupted by John.

　　3. 【答案】C. as

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配.從上下文意思看，本句中從句與主句的聯(lián)系是因果關系，故選 as,表示原因，其他詞均不切題。

　　4. 【答案】D. blown

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配.fallen 和flown均為不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。blow vt.吹，正合題意。

　　本句譯文：這里我們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么雪，因為大部分雪似乎已從山上刮走了。

　　5. 【答案】A. view

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. 此處view 意為“看見的東西，景色”，例如：Your house has a fine view of the hills. (從你的房子能看到這些小山的美麗景色。)本句譯文：看不到遠處的山，因為我們四周的云層正在形成。

　　6. 【答案】A. came up

　　【解析】本題測試詞義型慣用搭配.come up (=happen)發(fā)生，形成：A snowstorm is coming up. (一場暴風雪正在醞釀之中。)本句中有suddenly, 故用came up 比came on 更妥。

　　7. 【答案】B. noticed

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. notify vt.(=inform sb. of sth. ; report sth. to sb.) 通知，報告。glance(at) (=take a quick look at) 看一眼(強調(diào)行為的過程)。因此，notify和glance均不符合題意。notice vt. ( =become aware of; observe)注意到;留心;看到(強調(diào)行為的結果);view vt.(=look at or watch carefully)仔細察看，注視(強調(diào)行為的過程)�？梢姡�此句中應選，noticed.

　　模擬題四：

　　There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest. In a plan called“Station Renaissance”that it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods. The company also plans to introduce __14__cards—known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.

　　1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles

　　2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially

　　3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled

　　4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over

　　5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances

　　6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations

　　7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained

　　8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders

　　9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as

　　10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates

　　11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts

　　12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament

　　13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated

　　14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent

　　15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating

　　16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of

　　17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

　　18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only

　　19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners

　　20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink

　　參考答案：

　　1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C

　　6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A

　　11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C

　　16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A

　　總體分析本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關注的新計劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起越來越多人的關注。第二段具體介紹了這一計劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應信息時代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計劃及其優(yōu)點。

　　全文翻譯通過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起人們的關注。

　　東日本鐵路在11月份公布的“車站復興”計劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應信息時代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個都市人嚴重依賴列車作為上下班交 通工具的國度里，每天大約有 1600萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。

　　該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡，因為它們利用集成電路儲存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因為IC卡的讀卡機比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間。

　　模擬題五：

　　Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for. Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.

　　1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue

　　2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering

　　3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive

　　4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial

　　5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding

　　6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset

　　7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising

　　8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for

　　9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant

　　10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It

　　11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay

　　12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus

　　13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity

　　14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply

　　15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic

　　16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding

　　17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies

　　18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at

　　19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate

　　20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality

　　參考答案：

　　1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D

　　6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B

　　11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A

　　16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C

　　總體分析本文主要討論了老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老體系帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家?guī)�來的挑�?zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對解決該問題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來的問題，即越來越多的人早退休而壽命延長，隨著出生率的降低，就會有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來為他們養(yǎng)老，養(yǎng)老金在國家財政中所占的比例增加，成為無法承受的負擔。第三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。

　　全文翻譯老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家，尤其是在如何支付未來的公共養(yǎng)老金負債方面，帶來了嚴重的挑戰(zhàn)。早退休給退休金的融資帶來了難以承受的負擔。沒有什么簡單的解決方案，但推遲退休(年齡)可能有所幫助。

　　早退休可能看起來是個值得追求的個人目標，但對于社會來說卻是昂貴的，它使當前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而壽命卻更長。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴在職者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔憂的。未來50年，經(jīng)合組織國家的低出生率和預期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。占經(jīng)合組織國家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比例預期將平均增加超過三個百分點，而在有些國家甚至會增加八個百分點。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預期或認為應該得到的養(yǎng)老金的危險。

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