完型難提升，關(guān)鍵在語法

　　完型難提升，關(guān)鍵在語法，知識很多學(xué)子都還不知道這個關(guān)鍵。

　　完型常用語法之虛擬語氣

　　由if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有兩種形式，

　　1. 真實的條件句，也就說是某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是非常高的。

　　例如：If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.(2002。Text1 )

　　如果你想在談話中用幽默來使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的問題。

　　2. 非真實條件句，通過虛擬語氣來表達。

　　例如：I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.

　　要不是交通堵塞，我本會來得早一些。

　　在這句話中，假設(shè)“不堵塞”，但是真實情況并不是這樣，所以用虛擬語氣。

　　一般有6種常見的形式：

　　1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句，從句中用一般過去時，主句中用would/could/ should 加動詞原形，be 動詞的.過去式為were.

　　If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.(2007,text 1 )

　　查看為世界杯和專業(yè)隊輸送人才的歐洲國家青年隊，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪的現(xiàn)象更加明顯。

　　2)與過去事實相反的非真實條件句，從句用過去完成時，主句用would/could/should +have done .

　　If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of 42. (2008 text3 )

　　如果他打了上個賽季，他將只是42個(最高的人)中的一個

　　3)與將來事實相反的非真實條件句，從句用should do 或 were to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，主句中用 would /could/should 加動詞原形。

　　If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.(2007 text 1)

　　如果查看2006年世界杯聯(lián)賽每個足球運動員的出生證，你很可能發(fā)笑一個值得注意的奇怪現(xiàn)象：好的足球運動員都在一年的頭幾個月而不是后幾個月出生。

　　4)混合時態(tài)的虛擬。指的是主句和從句分別表示兩個時態(tài)，動詞形式依照上述三種形式進行相應(yīng)的變化。

　　If he had put all the important files in the safe yesterday, his boss wouldn’t be scolding him so angrily now.

　　如果昨天他把所有重要文件都放在保險箱中，他的老板現(xiàn)在也不會這個嚴(yán)厲的說他。

　　5)省if將從句中的系動詞或助動詞提前到主語之前，變成倒裝句，考生對這種形式應(yīng)該理解和掌握。

　　Had it not for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.(1998 )

　　如果不是群眾投資，我們的公司不會像現(xiàn)在這么興旺。

　　6)用介詞或連詞表示虛擬.比如with, without, under…condition, but for.

　　And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.(2005 text 1 )

　　如果一只猴子甚至沒有用石塊就能得到葡萄，另一只猴子就會向研究人員扔石頭，或者把石頭扔出房間，或者拒絕接受一片黃瓜。

　　完型常用語法之主謂一致

　　主謂一致指謂語動詞要與主語的中心詞語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”的方面保持一致。解答這類問題的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)主語的中心詞語。

　　1.集體名詞作主語時，主語與謂語動詞的一致

　　1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的集體名詞如police, people, cattle(牲畜), vermin(害蟲), youth等，通常用作復(fù)數(shù)，隨后的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

　　The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime.

　　警察正在調(diào)查那些與犯罪有牽連的人的記錄。

　　2)通常用作單數(shù)的集體名詞：advice, baggage, equipment, news, machinery, knowledge, merchandise, furniture, scenery(風(fēng)景), foliage(葉子),隨后的動詞用單數(shù)。如：

　　All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

　　工廠里所有的設(shè)備都產(chǎn)自中國

　　3)即可用作單數(shù)也可用作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞：family, army, group, committee, army, group, committee, audience, jury, crowd, public, faculty, crew等。

　　上述名詞如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果強調(diào)整體中的每個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：His family are all music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者

　　His family isn’t large.

　　他家不是一個大家庭。

　　2.以并列結(jié)構(gòu)做主語的主謂一致

　　1)當(dāng)and連接兩個主語表示一個單一概念時，謂語用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

　　To try and fail is better than not to try at all.

　　嘗試卻失敗比壓根就不嘗試好。

　　To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.

　　打算做和實際做是二碼事。

　　Bread and butter is our daily food.

　　面包和黃油是我們的日常飲食。

　　2)當(dāng)and連接的單數(shù)主語前面有each, every, many a, no等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

　　Many a boy and girl has seen it.

　　No teacher and no student was present at the opening ceremony.

　　3)如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, rather than, like, but, except, in addition to等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。如：

　　A professor, together with his assistants, was sent to help in this work.

　　The teacher, as well as the students, likes this novel.

　　4)由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)…, not…but等連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時，其謂語動詞與鄰近的主語取得一致。如：

　　Not only Joan but her sisters know the code to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.

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