2016考研英語：真題演練如何做閱讀
在剛開始進行閱讀練習(xí)時，大家可以先分句翻譯，然后根據(jù)上下文與段落整體邏輯進行整合串聯(lián)。下面就給舉幾個真題的段落供大家練習(xí)并進行解析。
【真題例舉】
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy， with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of falsecheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar， a Harvard professor， According to Ben-Shahar， realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen， but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag， after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction， He analyzes the weak lecture， leaning lessons， for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally， there is perspective， which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life， one lecture really doesn't matter.
【參考譯文】
大多數(shù)人愿意把樂觀定義為無盡的歡樂，就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會為積極心理學(xué)家所稱道的虛假的快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說，“健康的樂觀主義意味著要處于現(xiàn)實之中。”在Ben-Shahar看來，現(xiàn)實的樂觀主義者會因勢利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。
Ben-Shahar會使用三種樂觀的方法。比如說，當(dāng)他進行了一次糟糕的演講感到心情郁悶的時候，他會告訴自己這是很正常的事。他會提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎，總會有一些人的'演講效果不及其他人。其次是進行重構(gòu)。他分析效果不好的演講并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來做準備。最后，現(xiàn)在存在這樣一個觀點，即在生活的宏偉計劃中，一次演講是無關(guān)緊要的。
【解析】
這兩段共10句話。其中，定語從句有5個，并列句有3個，賓語從句有5個，狀語從句有1個。
定語從句：
1)the kind of false cheerfulness(先行詞)that(引導(dǎo)詞)positive psychologists wouldn‘t recommend
2)those(先行詞)who(引導(dǎo)詞)make the best of things that happen
3)the best of things(先行詞)that(引導(dǎo)詞)happen
4)those(先行詞)who(引導(dǎo)詞)believe everything happens for the best
5)there is perspective(先行詞)，which(引導(dǎo)詞)involves acknowledging
并列句：
1)But that‘s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness…(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
2)are those who…， but not those who…(表語之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
3)about what works and what doesn‘t(介詞賓語的并列關(guān)系)
賓語從句：
1)…believe(省略引導(dǎo)詞that)everything happens for the best.
2)…reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner(直接賓語為賓語從句)
3)about what(引導(dǎo)詞)works(介詞賓語從句)
4)and what(引導(dǎo)詞)doesn‘t(介詞賓語從句，省略about)
5)that(引導(dǎo)詞)in the ground scheme of life， one lecture really doesn‘t matter.
時間狀語從句：
When he feels down—say， after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself…
大家在復(fù)習(xí)的時候，別忘了可以把這些長難句中的好詞好句總結(jié)起來，英語作文說不定還會用到它們呢。
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