2015考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段長難句常見問題大全
目前2015考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段復(fù)習(xí)中，輔導(dǎo)老師收集了一些學(xué)員共有的問題，學(xué)員們?cè)诖穗A段除了復(fù)習(xí)詞匯外，我們還建議學(xué)員復(fù)習(xí)長難句，分析句子，理解句子的意思，那么目前我們收集的基本是長難句方面的問題，在此輔導(dǎo)老師給大家整理出這些問題，希望考生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，從中總結(jié)長難句分析的方法：
1. A technological advancement is gauged by the power it gives or the energy it consumes and the cost that is involved.
解析：本句的難點(diǎn)在于后置定語，it gives，it consumes，that is involved，把這些后置定語直接作為形容詞短語放在前面就行，同時(shí)注意短語is gauged by：以...為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。那么我們來切分意群：A technological advancement /is gauged by /the power it gives /or the energy it consumes /and the cost that is involved.逐個(gè)意群翻譯，最后組合為通順的漢語。
整句翻譯為：技術(shù)改進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于它所給予(或付出)的能量，它所消耗的能源以及它涉及的價(jià)值。(或投入的成本)
2、He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.
解析：本句主要考察賓語從句，定語從句，比較及并列結(jié)構(gòu)。首先我們先切分意群，He adds humbly /that perhaps /he was “superior to the common run of men/ in noticing things/ which easily escape attention, and /in observing them carefully.
注意以下詞匯：humbly，卑謙地，謙遜地。Superior to高于…，然后逐個(gè)意群翻譯，組合成較為通順的漢語：他謙虛的補(bǔ)充到：或許自己在注意到容易被人忽略的事情，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行仔細(xì)觀察方面優(yōu)于他人。
3、These peculiar elements in the make-up of man provide a long history and tradition of wisdom accumulated in various forms of civilization from which culture grows and continue flowing.
解析：本句是定語從句：主語:These peculiar elements; 謂語：provide。有兩個(gè)后置定語：in the make-up of man; accumulated in various forms of; 定語從句是from which 后面。切分意群：These peculiar elements /in the make-up of man /provide/ a long history/ and tradition of wisdom /accumulated in various forms of civilization/ from which culture grows and continue flowing.
意譯為：這些組成人類的獨(dú)特元素歷史悠久，使人類擁有形式多樣的文明傳統(tǒng)的智慧，這種人類文化源遠(yuǎn)流長。
4、The technology that was prevalent in the 1940’s used to be about 100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming.
解析：本句主要找準(zhǔn)主干：The technology used to ...，分辨出that引導(dǎo)的定語從句及隱含的比較句。本句中沒有太難得短語，切分意群：The technology/ that was prevalent /in the 1940’s /used to be about 100 percent more expensive/ and about 1000 times energy consuming.
意譯為：20世紀(jì)40年代盛行的技術(shù)大約百分之一百的昂貴，并且所消耗的能源也是現(xiàn)在的1000倍。
5、The progress of the digital techniques mainly depends on computer’s development and the progress of digital transmission systems based on it have merged computer and communication.
解析：本句是and引導(dǎo)的并列句，注意based的后置定語，直接把其作為形容詞放在名詞前面。切分意群：The progress of the digital techniques /mainly depends on /computer’s development/ and the progress of digital transmission systems/ based on it /have merged computer and communication.
翻譯為：數(shù)字科技的進(jìn)步主要依賴于計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展，基于數(shù)字科技的數(shù)字傳播系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)步融合了計(jì)算機(jī)與交流兩部分。
6、Man lives in the world of ideas, and acts and reacts in terms of concepts about objects and organizations.
解析：本句由and引導(dǎo)的簡單的并列句，注意幾個(gè)詞組：in terms of根據(jù)，依據(jù)，按照。About關(guān)于….，切分意群：Man lives /in the world of ideas, and acts and reacts/ in terms of concepts /about objects and organizations.
根據(jù)主題人類與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，我們意譯為：人類生活在思想的世界中，并根據(jù)物體和組織的概念做出行動(dòng)和反應(yīng)。
7、It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
解析：本句是it引導(dǎo)的形式主語，真正的主語是：such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail是定語從句，省略了which is，這樣切分意群：It is becoming less clear,/ however, that such a theory /would be a simplification, /given the dimensions and universes /that it might entail,/ nonetheless, /unification of sorts /remains /a major goal. 逐個(gè)翻譯意群的意思，然后再組合成通順的漢語。
意譯：然而，鑒于這樣一種理論所涵蓋的規(guī)模和領(lǐng)域，他是否還算是一種簡化就越來越模糊了。盡管如此，將多樣性統(tǒng)一化依然是主要目標(biāo)。
8、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老師，麻煩您把"in response... status" 這部分的結(jié)構(gòu)給分析下吧，謝謝!
解析：children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是從句，children是主語，commit賓語，in response to 狀語。
本句是賓語從句，難點(diǎn)在in response to后的翻譯，切分意群：Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家來意譯：
強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)角色的理論認(rèn)為，孩子們犯罪是他們自己沒有成功地超越現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的.(自發(fā)的，本能的)反應(yīng)行為。
9、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
解析：首先我們來切分意群：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
然后我們?cè)诜g時(shí)要注意：
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句：Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句
3)as part of.。。是賓語從句中的rights的主語補(bǔ)足語。
同時(shí)我們學(xué)員在翻譯時(shí)要注意以下的詞匯：
argue 論證
a social contract 社會(huì)契約
as part of 作為(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益，權(quán)利
綜合以上的分析我們可以意譯：
有些哲學(xué)家論證說，權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分。
10、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。
解析：首先我們來切分意群：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。
然后我們翻譯時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)部分：
1) it invites you to think that…后面是賓語從句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語。
最后翻譯時(shí)要注意以下的詞匯：
leads ...to extremes 引向極端
at the outset 從一開始
invites you to think 使人們認(rèn)為
consideration 關(guān)切，體諒
humans extend to other humans 人對(duì)待人
綜合以上的總結(jié)我們可以意譯：
這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。
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