2017年考研英語閱讀理解選項命制規(guī)律講解
一、2017考研英語閱讀理解：正確選項是同義替換
正確選項是對對原文定位句的同義替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)述，這是考研閱讀選項設(shè)置的常見規(guī)律。這提醒我們需要在復(fù)習(xí)的過程中不斷積累同意替換詞，比如表示觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯。 例如：
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
解析：這是一道題干無定位信息的細(xì)節(jié)題。原文第一句：our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 人類的腳和背不能夠承受過于大型的肢體所帶來的持續(xù)壓力。由此可知，人類身高會受到直立行走的限制，選項[B]中Human height is conditioned by the upright posture是對原文cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
二、2017考研英語閱讀理解：正確選項是正話反說
除同義轉(zhuǎn)述之外，正確選項還經(jīng)常采用正話反說或反話正說的手法。文章中用否定方式表述的內(nèi)容，選項會用肯定的方式把同樣的意思表達(dá)出來;反之，命題人也可能會用否定的形式來表達(dá)原文中肯定的內(nèi)容(如雙重否定句，或者一個否定形式加上另一個否定詞如never, none等)。例如：
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.
54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________.
[A] turning of the business cycle
[B] restructuring of industry
[C] improved business management
[D] success in education
解析：本題的定位句是第二句，F(xiàn)ew Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar...“沒有幾個美國人將此僅僅歸因于美元貶值或商業(yè)周期變化這樣顯而易見的原因”。關(guān)鍵在“obvious causes”，說明“美元貶值或商業(yè)周期變化”是作者認(rèn)同的.原因。原文用表示否定的詞“few”進(jìn)行表述，而選項則用了肯定方式表達(dá)了同一意思。
對考研英語閱讀真題的分析一定要全面透徹，不僅要分析文章本身的結(jié)構(gòu)和主題，還需要明確解題思路和選項的命題特點(diǎn)。這是我們提高閱讀應(yīng)試技巧的必要手段，所以請大家務(wù)必在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中多關(guān)注選項的設(shè)置方法，積累同義替換詞。
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