2017考研英語(yǔ)閱讀備考練習(xí)題及解析(部分)
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章一般都節(jié)選自歐美國(guó)家的報(bào)刊雜志,題材多種多樣,比較復(fù)雜。下面CN人才網(wǎng)小編為大家整理了相關(guān)的試題,歡迎前來(lái)查看。
21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.
[A] identifying
[B] associating
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
還原到文章:
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. (雖然關(guān)于差異的討論一直存在,美國(guó)社會(huì)確是一個(gè)令人驚嘆的同化人們的機(jī)器。這句話(huà)中有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的邏輯連接詞,in spite of,表示雖然,盡管的含義,這說(shuō)明前后兩個(gè)小句子在意思方面存在相反的趨勢(shì)。前面說(shuō)到difference, 后面就可能說(shuō)到相同的地方,也就是homogenizing people,表示什么呢?對(duì)于這個(gè)詞,大家如果對(duì)homo這個(gè)詞根比較熟悉的話(huà),應(yīng)該知道表示同樣的,類(lèi)似的含義。但是如果大家不知道,也應(yīng)該可以推斷出來(lái)是和difference相反。好,再看下一句,來(lái)驗(yàn)證一下我們的推論)There is “the democratizing uniformity(重點(diǎn)詞,表示統(tǒng)一,一致,一樣,和上文我們推測(cè)的內(nèi)容邏輯上一致) of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular (關(guān)鍵詞,大眾的,普遍的,和上文我們推測(cè)的內(nèi)容邏輯上一致)culture. (這里有“民主化統(tǒng)一的著裝和言談舉止,和以隨意和缺乏順從為特點(diǎn)”的大眾文化。)
下面我們來(lái)看一下幾個(gè)選項(xiàng),A選項(xiàng)是identifying,意思是:識(shí)別。與文章沒(méi)有聯(lián)系,排除。B選項(xiàng)associating是比較強(qiáng)的干擾項(xiàng),其意思是:聯(lián)系。說(shuō)把人們聯(lián)系在一起,沒(méi)有突出本質(zhì)屬性,一致,統(tǒng)一這一特點(diǎn),排除。C選項(xiàng)assimilating是吸收,使同化的意思,最符合原文的觀點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。D選項(xiàng)monopolizing的意思是獨(dú)占,壟斷的意思,與原文沒(méi)有聯(lián)系,排除。
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
回到原文:
People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. (人們深深地被“消費(fèi)文化”所吸引,這種文化是由19世紀(jì)的百貨公司所發(fā)起的,它“將各式各樣的商品陳列在一種高雅的氛圍中”。[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption把它的出現(xiàn)歸功于消費(fèi)文化。因果顛倒,故錯(cuò)誤。)Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. (他們不是為了迎合有知識(shí)的精英們而開(kāi)設(shè)親情商店,而是創(chuàng)建了“不分階層和背景人人都可以進(jìn)入”的大眾商店。這里有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵邏輯關(guān)系詞,instead of, 表示不是一種怎樣的情境,后面出現(xiàn)的小句子中陳述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和instead of后面的內(nèi)容意思相反。所以,[B] became intimate shops for common consumers,屬于比較強(qiáng)的干擾項(xiàng),intimate的意思是親密的, 隱私的,在文章的意思應(yīng)該是私人的意思。B選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該翻譯為:變成了普通消費(fèi)者的私人商店,故該選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)意思是:滿(mǎn)足了知識(shí)淵博的社會(huì)精英們的需要。這與原文正好相反,故錯(cuò)誤。)This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.(這使得購(gòu)物成為一種大眾的、民主的行為。大眾傳媒、廣告和體育也是協(xié)助人們同一化的推動(dòng)力。[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture,百貨商店在推廣大眾文化的過(guò)程中起作用,符合原文描述,為正確選項(xiàng)。)
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
[A] are resistant to homogenization
[B] exert a great influence on American culture
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture
[D] constitute the majority of the population
回到原文第二自然段:
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous(移民正在快速地融入到這個(gè)大眾文化中,這可能對(duì)于大眾文化沒(méi)有提升作用,但是不會(huì)是有害的,這里的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but非常重要,告知我們作者對(duì)移民的態(tài)度是肯定的,或者說(shuō)至少不是否定的。故B選項(xiàng),對(duì)美國(guó)文化產(chǎn)生巨大影響錯(cuò)誤,絕對(duì)性太強(qiáng),不符合原文表述;C選項(xiàng),對(duì)大眾文化幾乎沒(méi)有威脅,符合原文hardly poisonous的表述,為正確選項(xiàng)). Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation(今天的移民并沒(méi)有達(dá)到一個(gè)空前的水平,移民們也沒(méi)有抵制同化。故A選項(xiàng),抵制同化錯(cuò)誤。Assimilation和homogenization是同義詞。). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. (通過(guò)這些數(shù)據(jù),我們可以得知:移民在美國(guó)總?cè)丝谥兴急壤?0%左右,不是占據(jù)大部分人口,故D選項(xiàng),構(gòu)成了人口的大多數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。)Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.
綜上所述,英語(yǔ)在行文過(guò)程中,上下文之間、各個(gè)小句之間都存在著千絲萬(wàn)縷的.聯(lián)系,這些聯(lián)系有時(shí)通過(guò)語(yǔ)義體現(xiàn),有時(shí)通過(guò)連詞體現(xiàn),不管是怎樣的出現(xiàn)方式,都能夠幫助我們正確理解文章。所以,請(qǐng)大家在做題時(shí)一定要注意文章句子中出現(xiàn)的邏輯連接詞,根據(jù)它們的語(yǔ)義功能來(lái)理清不同內(nèi)容之間的邏輯關(guān)系,從而更好地分析選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案。如果大家想了解更多考研英語(yǔ)中閱讀題解題方法和技能,可以登錄文都網(wǎng)校,參考研究生考試英語(yǔ)相關(guān)課程。
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
回到原文:
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Rodriguez注意到,世界邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的兒童是諸如阿諾德·施瓦辛格和加斯·布魯克斯等超級(jí)明星的星迷,而“一些美國(guó)人擔(dān)心生活在美國(guó)的移民在某種程度上并不受美國(guó)的同化力量的影響。”阿諾德·施瓦辛格和加斯·布魯克斯是美國(guó)人,世界上偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的孩子都是這些明星的粉絲,可見(jiàn)美國(guó)文化影響力之大,后面話(huà)鋒一轉(zhuǎn),但是,有些美國(guó)人擔(dān)心在美國(guó)居住者的移民某種程度上不受美國(guó)這個(gè)國(guó)度同化力量的影響。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)并列小句之間的邏輯關(guān)系我們可以得知:列舉這兩個(gè)美國(guó)名人的原因就是為了突出顯示美國(guó)文化強(qiáng)大的影響力。故D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)為了證明這兩個(gè)人在世界范圍廣受歡迎,這只是例子最表面的意思,文章是為了通過(guò)這兩個(gè)人的受歡迎程度來(lái)體現(xiàn)美國(guó)文化的影響力,這才是根本所在。就像我們說(shuō),書(shū)可以用來(lái)閱讀,也可以在天熱時(shí)用來(lái)當(dāng)做扇子用。一個(gè)例子它也有很多種功用,具體是采取它的哪一種功用還需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境。同理,C選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)公眾害怕移民,文中只是說(shuō)some Americans,范圍擴(kuò)大,故錯(cuò)誤。
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.
[A] rewarding
[B] successful
[C] fruitless
[D] harmful
回到原文最后一個(gè)自然段:
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.在美國(guó)是否存在不和以及潛在的憤怒?答案是肯定的。作為一個(gè)大國(guó),它足以擁有一切。然而,當(dāng)把美國(guó)現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)指標(biāo)與其跌宕起伏的過(guò)去相比較,這些指標(biāo)很難說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)環(huán)境是陰暗和敗壞的。這個(gè)段落中,重點(diǎn)落在了but之后,雖然but之前的內(nèi)容說(shuō)的是消極的方面,但是我們可以看到but后面的內(nèi)容用否定的形式,表示一種積極的陳述hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment。
我們?cè)诳佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀文章中,經(jīng)常可以看到這種詢(xún)問(wèn)作者態(tài)度的題型,這種題型說(shuō)容易也容易,說(shuō)難也難。容易是因?yàn)橥瑢W(xué)們真的讀懂了文章的主題,把握住了作者對(duì)該問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度,或是同學(xué)對(duì)作者的用詞比較敏感,讀出了字里行間蘊(yùn)含著的真感情。但若是不看文章只是憑著文章中出現(xiàn)的一兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)斷章取義,那么很可能就掉入了出題人的陷阱,選擇了錯(cuò)誤的答案。所以做題過(guò)程中,我們?nèi)羰且粫r(shí)選擇不定,這時(shí)候一定要好好研讀一下作者重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容,像我們平時(shí)讀到的這些轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but, however, nevertheless, yet,它們后面的內(nèi)容就是作者想要重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)的,一定要多讀幾遍,認(rèn)真思考它們背后隱藏的含義。
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