2010年考研英語閱讀真題答案與詳解

Text 1

①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage。

【考點(diǎn)分析】滅絕師太�？�(the most)本句的意思是“過去這些年英語報(bào)紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化的可能是藝術(shù)評(píng)論的在報(bào)道范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的墮落”。

①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③ To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies。

【考點(diǎn)分析】①to the point of “到…地步” ②轉(zhuǎn)折�？�，出21題。 “然而，在20世紀(jì)大量的最重要的批評(píng)集是有報(bào)紙?jiān)u論組成的。”本句強(qiáng)調(diào)20世紀(jì)的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論數(shù)量很多。③沿著上句的意思論述：如今讀到這樣的書的人不禁會(huì)對(duì)下面這個(gè)事實(shí)感到驚訝：這些評(píng)論之前竟然被認(rèn)為適合在面向大眾的日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登。

21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that

A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers。

B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews。

C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers。

D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】B 由第一段的 ①decline in scope 和第二段的②a considerable number 都在強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的報(bào)紙關(guān)于藝術(shù)評(píng)論數(shù)量很多，所以選擇B

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】A 比較容易排除。與第一段①矛盾，原文只是說decline, 即下降，沒有說消失(disappear)

C 比較容易排除。“高質(zhì)量的報(bào)紙未喪失大量的讀者”。無中生有。

D 強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。“年輕的讀者懷疑報(bào)紙上的評(píng)論不合適”。原文③：《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》marvel v be very surprised (and often admiring) 大為驚訝(常含贊嘆之意)，表明其實(shí)讀者是贊同：這些評(píng)論可以再報(bào)紙上刊登的。這里的doubt 表示懷疑，所以與marvel意思相反。

① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling , and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,' Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".'

【考點(diǎn)分析】①否定�？�(unfocused)出22題。承接上文，上文講我們的評(píng)論數(shù)量減少，這里繼續(xù)講我們甚至離20世紀(jì)初到二戰(zhàn)期間的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論也相差很遠(yuǎn)。Even farther removed from 表明作者的惋惜之情。② in detail and at length“詳細(xì)的”③ serious“嚴(yán)肅的”④calling“對(duì)做某項(xiàng)工作的強(qiáng)烈欲望或責(zé)任感” proud“驕傲” 上面的這些詞都表明二戰(zhàn)前的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論的風(fēng)格。⑤否定�？迹�出23題。“因此，幾乎沒有人有足夠的智慧或文學(xué)天賦在新聞事業(yè)上成就自己，我更喜歡吧新聞事業(yè)定義為“被假作家恥辱地使用了的術(shù)語，對(duì)真作家來說，他們不足掛齒”。”其實(shí)本句話中Newman wrote,后面的根本不需要看懂。

22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by

A free themes。

B casual style。

C elaborate layout。

D radical viewpoints。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】A unfocused的英文解釋：not concentrated at one point or upon one objective, free的英文解釋是unrestricted，所以u(píng)nfocused = free ,屬于同義替換。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】

B 請(qǐng)看《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》字典對(duì)casual 的解釋：(a)made or done without much care or thought; offhand 不經(jīng)意的; 隨便的; 馬虎的; 臨時(shí)的(b) (derog 貶) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不關(guān)心的; 無動(dòng)於衷的; 不負(fù)責(zé)任的(c) not methodical or thorough; not serious 無條理的; 不徹底的; 不認(rèn)真的 。這幾個(gè)意思都是和② in detail and at length“詳細(xì)的”③ serious“嚴(yán)肅的”④calling“對(duì)做某項(xiàng)工作的強(qiáng)烈欲望或責(zé)任感” proud“驕傲”相矛盾的。所以不選。

C 強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。elaborate 可以替換原文中的in detail ，但是layout(布局)無中生有，所以本題與原文不相符合。

D radical 激進(jìn)的 無中生有。

23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals。

B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists。

C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism。

D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】D 對(duì)⑤同義替換。Few= not all ，have brains enough or literary gift enough=capable of

注意：D選項(xiàng)中not all屬于部分否定，語氣委婉，在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)往往正確。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】A journalistic goals(新聞業(yè)的目標(biāo))，無中生有。

B “作家成為記者是值得鄙視的。”與④的proud (自豪的)相反。

C “作者容易被新聞業(yè)吸引”。對(duì)⑤偷梁換柱。原文說的是被define "journalism" as… 所吸引，而不是被journalism所吸引。

①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. ①②③④⑤

【考點(diǎn)分析】①否定常考+段首�？�。“不幸的是，這些批評(píng)家?guī)缀醣煌�記了�?rdquo;言語之間是作者對(duì)報(bào)紙?jiān)u論墮落的惋惜之情。②-⑤是舉Neville Cardus的例子來論證以前的評(píng)論家怎么被忘記的，可以略讀。

①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat。

【考點(diǎn)分析】①特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)常考，出25題。筆者在課堂中反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)出現(xiàn)問號(hào)是必考的。“Cardus'那樣的評(píng)論會(huì)重現(xiàn)嗎?不太可能!”再一次點(diǎn)明了作者所討論的中心：報(bào)紙行業(yè)的墮落(decline)，要注意decline與①中的revival是反義詞。③講理由，出24題。

24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today。

B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute。

C His style caters largely to modern specialists。

D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】A ③說 新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變，讀者不需要(have little use for)他所擅長的風(fēng)格，所以Cardus's criticism不可能復(fù)蘇。而A Cardus's criticism也許不能吸引當(dāng)今的讀者。 注意have little use for= not appeal to

同時(shí)本選項(xiàng)還有may,這個(gè)語氣委婉的詞，符合黃四“正確答案語氣委婉”。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】B 原文沒有提到他的名聲有爭(zhēng)議，所以無中生有。

C “他的風(fēng)格符合現(xiàn)在的專家”與本段最后一句相矛盾。

D 移花接木，是利用最后一句話編造的選項(xiàng)。

25. What would be the best title for the text?

A Newspapers of the Good Old Days

B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers

C Mournful Decline of Journalism

D Prominent Critics in Memory

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】主旨題，可以利用串線法解出本題。第一段開宗明義：過去這些年英語報(bào)紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化的可能是藝術(shù)評(píng)論的在報(bào)道范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的墮落(decline)。第二段承接第一段的意思。第三段首句：“不幸的是，這些批評(píng)家?guī)缀醣煌�記了�?rdquo;言語之間是作者對(duì)報(bào)紙?jiān)u論墮落的惋惜之情。第四段：“Cardus'那樣的評(píng)論會(huì)重現(xiàn)嗎?不太可能!”再一次點(diǎn)明了作者所討論的中心：報(bào)紙行業(yè)的墮落(decline)，所以C：令人惋惜的新聞業(yè)的墮落。mournful 是大綱詞匯。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】A “報(bào)紙行業(yè)過去的黃金歲月”。沒有點(diǎn)出作者對(duì)現(xiàn)在的報(bào)紙的惋惜之情

B “報(bào)紙行業(yè)的消失的視野” 本選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤類型和A一樣。

D “記憶中的杰出的評(píng)論家”本文的中心不是懷戀過去，而是批判現(xiàn)在的墮落。

Text 2

Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box。

本段是背景段，講過去的事情。只需看懂第一句“過去的幾十年中，上千個(gè)商業(yè)方法被授予專利。”

Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In the Bilski, as the case is known, is a “very big deal”， says Dennis’D Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents。”

本段轉(zhuǎn)折。“將會(huì)用一個(gè)案例來全面審查商業(yè)方法專利”。最后一句“它有可能排除一種專利(即上文的business-method patent)”

26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of

[A] their limited value to business

[B] their connection with asset allocation

[C] the possible restriction on their granting

[D] the controversy over authorization

選[C]，根正苗紅的同義替換。possible= potential ， eliminate= restriction

[A] 無中生有 [B] 用第一段的一個(gè)小例子中的細(xì)節(jié)捏造選項(xiàng) [D] controversy 無中生有。

27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?

[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions

[B] It involves a very big business transaction

[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit

[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。

選[D] potential= may ,change 對(duì)應(yīng)著第一段和第二段之間的轉(zhuǎn)折。從本段的review，eliminate也可以看出這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折。

全文一直沒有講Bilski case的判決的結(jié)果，而 [A] [C]都是在講其判決結(jié)果，所以與原文相反。

[B] 是從原文“ a “very big deal””字面意識(shí)出發(fā)設(shè)置的干擾選項(xiàng)。a big deal 其實(shí)在英文中的意思是“重要”，而不是“生意(transaction)”

本題[D]還有may ,正確答案往往語氣委婉，所以更加確定選這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。

28. The word “about-face” (Line 1,Para 3) most probably means

[A] loss of good will

[B] increase of hostility

[C] change of attitude

[D] enhancement of disnity

本題是詞匯題，一定要返回原文通過上下文解題。Because 之前是說對(duì)business-method 的約束(curbs)，而because之后說的是“正是聯(lián)邦審判引入了business-method”，所以二者之間自然表明了是“態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變”。所以選[C]

The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling。

本段第一句話沒有看懂，直接跳過。第二句講“聯(lián)邦審判要求這個(gè)案子要12個(gè)法官審，而不是普通的3人小組，并且要求判斷是否要重新考慮之前的Bank ruling” 由本句可以排除29 [A]

The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court”， says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School。

in the wake of= after 。第一句：最高法院已經(jīng)減少了對(duì)專利持有者的保護(hù)(protection)。而29[C] 減少了對(duì)專利持有者的尊重(esteem)。其中esteem是對(duì)protection的偷梁換柱。第二句：舉例子。法官發(fā)出信號(hào)： too many (過多的專利被授予了)，表明法院認(rèn)為很多business-method 不應(yīng)該被授予，所以選[B] too many =often unnecessarily. [D]無中生有。

29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents

[A] are immune to legal challenges

[B] are often unnecessarily issued

[C] lower the esteem for patent holders

[D] increase the incidence of risks

見上文的解析。本題[A] [B] 兩項(xiàng)相反必去其一。

30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

[A] A looming threat to business-method patents

[B] Protection for business-method patent holders

[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents

[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents

選擇 [A] 。首先排除[B]，與原文相反。[C]大帽子。[A] [D]的選擇有一定難度。用串線法解題。第一段講過去business method很容易被授予專利。其中第一段的最后一句話已經(jīng)暗含著對(duì)這種做法的反對(duì)。第二段轉(zhuǎn)折：將會(huì)用一個(gè)案例來全面審查商業(yè)方法專利。第三段：對(duì)business method的約束(curbs)是法院態(tài)度的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變。最后一段明確提出reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court 。要注意的是原文始終沒有說Bilski case的判決，因此只是一個(gè)looming (隱約地出現(xiàn))的danger ，而不是已經(jīng)盛行的趨勢(shì)。

Text 3

① In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. ②The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread。

【考點(diǎn)分析】① 因果�？�(driven)，出31題[A]。Malcolm Aladuell 的觀點(diǎn)“社會(huì)流行的東西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影響力的人發(fā)動(dòng)的，這些人見多識(shí)廣，有說服力” ②轉(zhuǎn)折常考，出31題[B]。 “這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)不能解釋思想是如何傳播的”。要注意：ideas actually spread= social epidemics 這就意味著作者認(rèn)為influential對(duì)how ideas actually spread作用不大，不起driven(驅(qū)動(dòng))的作用。

31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to __________。

[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics

[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas

[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics

[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】[B] 本題是說明作者目的題。由上文②的分析可知選本選項(xiàng)。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[A] 與原文相反。本文討論的是原因(driven)，而本題是說結(jié)果(consequence)。

[C] 本段沒有提到人們的直覺的反應(yīng)(intuitive response)。②只是說“作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)從直覺上看是吸引人的”。所以無中生有

[D]偏離中心：influential對(duì)social epidemics的作用。只是①中的細(xì)節(jié)。

①The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”： Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. ② Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. ③The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. ④In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. ⑤Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

【考點(diǎn)分析】①因果�？�(derive from)+轉(zhuǎn)折�？�(but)+否定�？�(untested)+段首常考+特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)�？�(冒號(hào))，出32題。請(qǐng)看supposed在《牛津高階英語詞典》的英文解釋 [only before noun] used to show that you think that a claim, statement or way of describing sb/sth is not true or correct, although it is generally believed to be。這就意味著supposed后面的東西在本質(zhì)上都是作者反對(duì)的。“這種influential的假象的重要性來源于一個(gè)貌似合理但是實(shí)質(zhì)上未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的two-step flow of communication的理論”。②講商人接受了這一錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。③中的seems ④中的cursory search(草率的搜索) ⑤中的Anecdotal evidence(傳聞的證據(jù))這幾個(gè)詞組都表明作者對(duì)這個(gè)理論持反對(duì)態(tài)度。

32. The author suggests that the “two-step flow theory” __________。

[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems

[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends

[C]has won support from influentials

[D]requires solid evidence for its validity

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】[D]由①可知這個(gè)理論是未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的(untested)，這就意味著“需要可靠的證據(jù)證明其有效性”(requires solid evidence for its validity)。所以本題是同義替換之正話反說。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[A]與作者對(duì)該理論的反對(duì)態(tài)度矛盾。

[B] ③這個(gè)理論似乎(seems)可以解釋某些流行的趨勢(shì)，seem這個(gè)詞表明作者其實(shí)是反對(duì)這個(gè)說法的。

[C]偷換概念，偷換了②中的marketer

①In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. ② In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all. ③ The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey — whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. ④Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. ⑤ For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; ⑥and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ⑦ If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。

【考點(diǎn)分析】①承上啟下。研究者推翻了上文的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。②無需看懂。③研究者的理由來自關(guān)于社會(huì)影響的簡單的觀察。即使最有影響力的人也不會(huì)與太多的人交流。④是two-step-flow theory理論。⑤轉(zhuǎn)折常考出33題。“每一個(gè)受影響的人必須要影響他的熟人，他的熟人再影響自己的熟人”，這也就因?yàn)槭莝ocial interaction。

33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________。

[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions。

[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media。

[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public。

[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】[A] 由⑤可知，a social epidemic to occur= the power of influence， his or her own acquaintances=social interaction 可以明確的同義替換。goes with 與…相伴而生。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[B]本段沒有提到媒體增加人際聯(lián)系。無中生有。

[C] channel(渠道)無中生有

[D“大多數(shù)名人有很大的媒體影響力”無中生有。

34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who __________。

[A] stay outside the network of social influence

[B] have little contact with the source of influence

[C] are influenced and then influence others

[D] are influenced by the initial influential

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】本題可以看做是指代詞具體是指代的對(duì)象。指代的對(duì)象一定是向前指代，往前找最近的名詞。⑤中“每一個(gè)受影響的人必須要影響他的熟人，他的熟人再影響自己的熟人”所以these people 就是指這些“被影響并且影響別人的人”

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[A]“在社會(huì)影響的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之外”與原文相反。

[B] 強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。⑥說的是“how many others pay attention to each of these people”與initial influential(= the source of influence)無關(guān)，而[B]偷換為“these people”與initial influential(= the source of influence)接觸不多。

①Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social contagion by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced。

【考點(diǎn)分析】

35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

[A]The eagerness to be accepted

[B]The impulse to influence others

[C]The readiness to be influenced

[D]The inclination to rely on others

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】 [C]The readiness to be influenced由本段最后一句可知社會(huì)影響的動(dòng)力要素是：人們影響別人的能力以及被別人影響的傾向性。所以選C。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[B] 錯(cuò)在impulse(突如其來的念頭)

[A]錯(cuò)在accept

[D]錯(cuò)在 rely on 。

解法二：[B][C] 符合黃二。但是由第四段最后一句：

If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。尤其是resistant可知更強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“被影響”

TEXT 4

(注：本文含有的生詞和難句較多，考研閱讀的原則是過難的單詞和句子一定不會(huì)出題，在考場(chǎng)上緊緊抓住能看懂的句子即可，因?yàn)槲恼律舷挛牡囊馑级际怯忻芮嘘P(guān)聯(lián)的。筆者把本文無需看懂的句子用刪除線標(biāo)出來，以便于學(xué)生更好的復(fù)習(xí)。示例：not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。)

第一部分：36題

①Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. ②Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. ③Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. ④These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。

【考點(diǎn)分析】①②“臺(tái)面上，銀行家們將他們的麻煩歸咎于己身，臺(tái)面下，他們一直把目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)他人：會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則制定者。”臺(tái)上臺(tái)下，表里不一，暗含了作者對(duì)銀行家的虛偽的否定，對(duì)無辜者standard-setters的同情。③講具體的抱怨的內(nèi)容。“銀行業(yè)抱怨會(huì)計(jì)規(guī)則迫使他們報(bào)告巨大損失，認(rèn)為這不公平。” ④二者相比必出考點(diǎn)。出36題。進(jìn)一步描述會(huì)計(jì)規(guī)則的內(nèi)容。“規(guī)則認(rèn)為他們必須以第三方付出價(jià)格來評(píng)估部分資產(chǎn)的價(jià)值，而非按照管理者和監(jiān)管者期望該資產(chǎn)能夠獲得的價(jià)格。”本句其實(shí)只要看懂“These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not”not后面無需看懂，只要知道是與not前面不一樣的方法。

36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________。

[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules

[B] collect payments from third parties

[C] cooperate with the price managers

[D] reevaluate some of their assets。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】[A] 36題 complain= moan ，not fair(③) = unfavorable , value some assets(④)= asset evaluation 所以本題屬于根正苗紅的同義替換。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[B] 對(duì)④偷梁換柱。把value 偷換為collect。

[C] 與原文相反。錯(cuò)誤一：原文④說：“These rules say they must value some assets at the price 。。。， not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch”明確說“規(guī)則不讓按照managers的期待的價(jià)格評(píng)估”，所以這與cooperate(合作)相反。

錯(cuò)誤二：原文中沒有提到price manager 這個(gè)概念，④managers and regulators would like them to fetch。是定語從句來修飾price。

[D] reevaluate(重新評(píng)估)無中生有。

第二部分：37題

①Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. ②The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. ③And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult。

【考點(diǎn)分析】①否定�？�(unfortunately)+段首�？肌３�40題。Unfortunately，是強(qiáng)烈的表示情感的詞。“不幸的是，銀行的游說活動(dòng)看來已起作用了。”表明作者是反對(duì)銀行，支持同情standard-setters。②轉(zhuǎn)折�？迹�出37題。But之前不看，之間看后面“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定者的獨(dú)立性——這資產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)正常運(yùn)行十分重要——已經(jīng)削弱了。”

①After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. ②These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. ③Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives。” ④ Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management。”

【考點(diǎn)分析】①bruising encounter根本不需認(rèn)識(shí)。rushed through 只需要認(rèn)識(shí)through，表示 “通過”。注意：動(dòng)詞+介詞的短語，有時(shí)候只要通過介詞就可以把握句子所表達(dá)的大致方向是支持還是反對(duì)。本句只需明白“FASB通過了規(guī)則變化” 即可。 ②只需看懂：These gave banks more freedom to… value …assets and more flexibility… in their income statement。省略號(hào)所省略的內(nèi)容完全可以不看。“即銀行在評(píng)估資產(chǎn)上有了更多的自由” ③沒看懂，沒關(guān)系，因?yàn)楹竺嬗修D(zhuǎn)折。④轉(zhuǎn)折�？�。出37[A]。本句只需看懂 the changes …enhance the use of judgment by management。“這些變化增加了管理層的判斷的作用”

37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________。

[A] the diminishing role of management

[B] the revival of the banking system

[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses

[D] the weakening of its independence

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】[D] 本題定位有點(diǎn)難度。從第三段①可知FASB通過了規(guī)則變化。第二段的①的意思是“不幸的是，銀行的游說活動(dòng)看來已起作用了。”這就意味著：第一段銀行抱怨的規(guī)則的不公平得到重視，規(guī)則變化了。所以37題題干問的“the rule changes of the FASB”的結(jié)果，也就是第二段②的結(jié)果。

《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》中compromise 的解釋：modify (sth); weaken 修改，更改(某事物);減輕;減弱;緩和。所以這里的compromise= weaken，根正苗紅的同義替換。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[A] 與原文相反。diminish與④中的enhance 相矛盾。

[B] 第二段③講了銀行復(fù)蘇的條件“銀行如果不以能夠吸引買家的價(jià)格計(jì)量有毒資產(chǎn)，銀行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)蘇將會(huì)非常困難。”而本選項(xiàng)說FASB的規(guī)則變化會(huì)帶來復(fù)蘇，與③不相符合。

[C] 無中生有。

第三部分：38題

①European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. ②The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. ③Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules。

【考點(diǎn)分析】上文講的是美國的情況。本段講歐洲的情況。①“歐洲的部長們立刻要求國際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(IASB)也這么做。” ②轉(zhuǎn)折�？�。出38題。IASB對(duì)部長的做法比較反感，但是它在今年下半年完成規(guī)則修訂時(shí)必須屈服的壓力十分巨大。③引用McCreevy對(duì)IASB不聽話的警告。

38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to __________。

[A] keep away from political influences。

[B] evade the pressure from their peers。

[C] act on their own in rule-setting。

[D] take gradual measures in reform。

【正確選項(xiàng)解析】[C] ①講歐洲部長對(duì)IASB的要求，②是IASB對(duì)之的抵觸情緒，但是(but)壓力又很大(strong)，③McCreevy對(duì)IASB警告它不是“處在政治真空中”而是“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里”。這三句話的中心是：IASB想自己獨(dú)立的制定規(guī)則(act on their own in rule-setting)，而歐洲部長(包括McCreevy)又想命令其按自己意愿行為。所以選擇[C]。

【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】[A]是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，貌似是對(duì)“not in a political vacuum”的同義替換。但是與[C]相比，[C]更加符合本段的中心。因?yàn)楸径尾⒉皇菑?qiáng)調(diào)IASB不能逃脫政治影響，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)IASB想要自己獨(dú)立地制定規(guī)則�？忌�切記：當(dāng)兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)無法分清的時(shí)候，符合中心的才是正確答案。

[B]偷梁換柱。原文沒有提來自同伴的壓力(pressure from their peers)，而是說“在今年下半年完成規(guī)則修訂時(shí)必須屈服的壓力”

[D]“在改革中采取漸進(jìn)措施” gradual measures屬于無中生有。

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