2016考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合知識(shí)及運(yùn)用。對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生而言，英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作最大的困難就是表達(dá)，即語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用。縱觀歷年的考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作，小編整理了一下考生容易出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤：
1. 審題不清，偏離主題。在考場(chǎng)上，許多考生處于時(shí)間的考慮，在在著手做寫(xiě)作部分時(shí)并未審清題目，且無(wú)構(gòu)思的概念。這樣的考生往往無(wú)從下筆或者毫無(wú)邏輯的開(kāi)始著手寫(xiě)作，結(jié)果不是文不對(duì)題就是時(shí)間已過(guò)半，只好草草收?qǐng)觥?/p>
2. 準(zhǔn)備工作不充分，考場(chǎng)慌亂易出錯(cuò)。許多考生都執(zhí)著于考研寫(xiě)作的萬(wàn)能句子和及黃金模版，但部分考生對(duì)這些萬(wàn)能句子和模板復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間及精力的投入不足，造成考場(chǎng)上各種慌亂中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。 且部分考生未能將已背會(huì)的萬(wàn)能句子靈活運(yùn)用，造成復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)的提取失敗。
3. 漢語(yǔ)思維，中式英語(yǔ)。寫(xiě)作考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合水平及能力，對(duì)學(xué)生綜合能力要求較高。有的考生的英語(yǔ)遣詞造句能力較差，在緊張的考場(chǎng)環(huán)境中，容易將漢語(yǔ)思維構(gòu)思整篇寫(xiě)作。往往造成詞不達(dá)意，思維表達(dá)混亂。
4. 固定搭配和用詞習(xí)慣不當(dāng)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的一大特點(diǎn)就是其豐富的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配。英語(yǔ)中有大量的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)，形容詞短語(yǔ)，例如，部分考生經(jīng)常會(huì)將 “spend much time in ...”(花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間做某事)寫(xiě)成 “take much time in ...”; 再如，“幫某人一個(gè)忙”、“給某人恩惠” 應(yīng)是“ do sb. a favour ”，部分考生可能會(huì)寫(xiě)成 “give sb a favour”。英語(yǔ)中的固定搭配及習(xí)慣用法有時(shí)看起來(lái)不符合邏輯，但卻是地道用法。
5. 詞匯量小，創(chuàng)造單詞。平時(shí)詞匯積累不夠，能夠運(yùn)用在寫(xiě)作中的詞匯量太少，好不容易知道如何運(yùn)用但又無(wú)法正確拼寫(xiě)出來(lái)，結(jié)果只能用漢語(yǔ)拼音替代。除了部分詞匯的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤外，考生有時(shí)還會(huì)想當(dāng)然而為之的自己“創(chuàng)造”單詞。曾經(jīng)就有考生將長(zhǎng)城“The Great Wall”寫(xiě)成“ChangCheng”。這樣在寫(xiě)作上“肆意妄為”，必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致成績(jī)不太理想。
6. 句子成分邏輯混亂。由于受到母語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，考生易對(duì)句子成分的安排位置不當(dāng)而造成邏輯混亂。例如，對(duì)句子主謂語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)之間的位置安排不妥而造成的邏輯混亂：Our English class often told stories. 應(yīng)改為：We often told stories in our English class。
7. 缺少及承上啟下的句子和段落。文章的前后邏輯關(guān)系需要過(guò)渡詞及過(guò)渡段落的使用。文章的邏輯性關(guān)乎著整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，過(guò)渡詞和過(guò)渡段落的使用可以使文章表達(dá)更合乎邏輯，文章緊湊。
There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. The spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the min reason. Many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. A lot of people have become richer and richer. They can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
采用適當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞，改進(jìn)為：
There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the min reason. Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Last but not least, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤解析：
1) 主謂一致是考生必須在寫(xiě)作中要注意到的部分，例如：
誤：A number of boy students is football fans.
正：A number of boy students are football fans.
誤：The number of the students in this school have been increasing these years.
正：The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years.
誤：The construction of the two new railway lines have been completed by now.
正：The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.
主謂一致中的就近一致，例如：
誤： There are a rubber and two pencils in the box.
正： There is a rubber and two pencils in the box.
誤： There is a wide variety of people on the earth.
正： There are a wide variety of people on the earth.
2)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在不同的寫(xiě)作要求中，文章時(shí)態(tài)的使用必須要謹(jǐn)慎。
描述圖畫(huà)應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)：
誤：As is shown in the picture, there are two handicapped individuals bind their disabled legs together and hold fast to each other’s shoulders, with their crutches left behind each other.
正：As is shown in the picture, there are two handicapped individuals binding their disabled legs together and holding fast to each other’s shoulders, with their crutches left behind each other.
描述圖表應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)：
誤：As is illustrated by the chart, mobile-phone subscription number is increasing to 8 times from 2000 to 2008.
正：As is illustrated by the chart, mobile-phone subscription number increased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008.
誤：This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand between 2008 and 2009. In 2008, cars with Japanese brands top the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the market. The years of 2009 has witnessed a huge change that Chinese brands hit 32% of the auto market, while cars with Japanese and American brands take 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
正：This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand between 2008 and 2009. In 2008, cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the market. The years of 2009 has witnessed a huge change that Chinese brands hit 32% of the auto market, while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
在預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì)的文章中，需要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)：
誤：I believe then the relationship between people is harmonious and our society is a better place for us in the future.
正：I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us in the future.
3)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，例如：
誤：Large quantities of food have been stored for the winter.
正：Large quantities of food has been stored for the winter.
誤：Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others areessential to their development. (is)
正：Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others isessential to their development.
4)介詞搭配，例如：
誤：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen of on her way home.
正：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen from her on her way home.
Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed of her on her way home.
誤：For my part, I agree to the latter opinion for the following reasons.
正：For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons.
誤：We agreed to leaving there the next day.
正：We agreed on leaving there the next day.
5) 單詞大小寫(xiě)及拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，在寫(xiě)作中，題目的大小寫(xiě)(除冠詞、連詞和介詞外， 其他詞原則上都應(yīng)該第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě));例如：
誤：Human needs and wants
正：Human Needs and Wants
誤：He said, “he is going to Shanghai next week”.
正：He said, “He is going to Shanghai next week”.
6)專(zhuān)有名詞(人名，地名，書(shū)名)和縮寫(xiě)字母要大寫(xiě);頭銜在專(zhuān)有名詞前要大寫(xiě)，在專(zhuān)有名詞后則小寫(xiě);例如：
誤：Caption smith
正：Caption Smith/Smith, the captain
誤：I am writing to recommend you to read Wealth of Nations for the club reading sessions.
正：I am writing to recommend you to read Wealth of Nations for the club reading sessions.
7)分清及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞，例如：
誤：He arrived Paris the day before yesterday.
正：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
8)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：
誤：The question is hard to be understood.
正：The question is hard to understand.
9 )詞類(lèi)混淆，將動(dòng)詞或形容詞誤作名詞用，將名詞或動(dòng)詞誤作形容詞用等。例如：
誤：It's becoming difficulty to remember things for her.
正：It's becoming difficult to remember things for her.
誤：There was no difficult in persuading her.
正：There was no difficulty in persuading her.
10)冠詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，介詞，代詞等方面的應(yīng)用，例如：
誤：Favorable attitude to the life can broaden our experience and enhance our vigor then to create a enthusiastic environment for our society.
正：Favorable attitude to the life can broaden our experience and enhance our vigor then to create an enthusiastic environment for our society.
誤：As a result, they can paid for the expense to do that kind of things.
正：As a result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things.
11) 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，寫(xiě)文章時(shí)，切忌從頭到尾只用逗號(hào)的現(xiàn)象，每完成一句話，需要正確的使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來(lái)標(biāo)注出。同時(shí)也要注意正確使用逗號(hào)和分號(hào)。例如：
誤：Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work, such as the tank workers, while some people use the computer to play games, for example, some old person like to play game on computer.
正：Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work. Such as the tank workers. While some people use the computer to play games. For example, some old person like to play game on computer.
在這篇文章中，小編從具體的方面著手，整理了11種考研寫(xiě)作易出現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)錯(cuò)誤。這些錯(cuò)誤體現(xiàn)著一個(gè)考生綜合的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)及能力。一篇優(yōu)秀的考場(chǎng)作文時(shí)絕對(duì)不可以出現(xiàn)這樣基礎(chǔ)的錯(cuò)誤。這些錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)會(huì)影響到寫(xiě)作部分的分?jǐn)?shù)。因此，小編建議各位考生，在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)2016考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中，把自己經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)錯(cuò)誤記錄下來(lái)。在不斷改進(jìn)這些錯(cuò)誤的過(guò)程中，相信各位考生的英語(yǔ)綜合能力也會(huì)有很大的進(jìn)步。
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