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考研英語(yǔ)作文的破解

時(shí)間:2023-01-01 00:48:43 考研英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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考研英語(yǔ)作文的破解

聽(tīng)說(shuō)米國(guó)的宙斯盾防空系統(tǒng)能檢測(cè)、識(shí)別、判斷和跟蹤約400個(gè)目標(biāo);對(duì)12枚艦載型“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”防空導(dǎo)彈進(jìn)行中段制導(dǎo),可是從400個(gè)目標(biāo)中選擇12個(gè)打擊目標(biāo),卻需要有一個(gè)威脅評(píng)估的過(guò)程,即先打哪一個(gè)、后打哪一個(gè)?喵哥想,這大概跟咱的考研規(guī)劃差不多,不大會(huì)的題,威脅大題的要早動(dòng)手,不然耗到十月份,所有目標(biāo)混一起,game基本over。
今天海天考研英語(yǔ)姚老師就占用海天考研君的客廳,來(lái)跟大家聊聊考研作文的事兒:
很多考生背得不少,得分不高,其中原因主要包括以下幾點(diǎn):
1)不會(huì)描述圖片者“暴死”
2)無(wú)主題者“猝死”
3)語(yǔ)言搭配不合理、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤多者 “被小刀剮死”
首先我們來(lái)探討一下第一種“暴死”型:這一型考生掛在不注意觀察角度上,經(jīng)常把自己明明不會(huì)寫(xiě)的單詞當(dāng)成描述的主題,這樣的話(huà),第一段的7分一丟,心焦氣,第二段連拿分的心情都沒(méi)了。
其實(shí)考研圖畫(huà)雖然龐雜,主要特征無(wú)非是人物、動(dòng)物與物體兩種,其中人物還分人多和人少,他們應(yīng)該這樣處理:
1)一群人的圖,就動(dòng)作神態(tài),物體帶著寫(xiě),能寫(xiě)則寫(xiě),不會(huì)寫(xiě)別去送死,
比如2009年的 “網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,有的同學(xué)不會(huì)寫(xiě)外面的那個(gè)蜘蛛網(wǎng),那你就從屋里的人物寫(xiě)啊,干嗎那么實(shí)誠(chéng)?The picture above describes many youngsters, who are sitting intheir rooms. Some of them are staring at their computers, while others areplaying games or chatting with their friends. Obviously, all of them show greatinterest in the Internet world around.(那個(gè)蜘蛛網(wǎng)明明就是障眼法,能寫(xiě)則寫(xiě),不能寫(xiě)就換個(gè)角度)
一個(gè)人的圖,就動(dòng)作神態(tài),用意識(shí)流手法加個(gè)心理分析,無(wú)非是悲觀、樂(lè)觀、(形容詞別老is/are/, 變成become increasingly…, full of…/seem to be…/appear…/look…)一些物體詞匯能寫(xiě)則寫(xiě),不寫(xiě)放棄,
比如2008年那年的“拐杖”不會(huì)寫(xiě),可以:The picture above describes two youngsters, who are standingshoulder to shoulder. The two young people are moving steadily forward along apath. However, neither of them seems to be depressed and anxious. Rather, bothof them become increasingly self-confident and cheerful, even though they eachhave only one leg.(注意這里的幾個(gè)處理的技巧:1)考生其實(shí)不會(huì)寫(xiě)拐杖,但是他沒(méi)有硬寫(xiě),因?yàn)槟菢踊揪?ldquo;死菜”了,考生考上后跟我說(shuō):“我本來(lái)就不會(huì)寫(xiě)拐杖,那么何必想這個(gè)詞怎么寫(xiě)呢?還不如大膽猜想這兩個(gè)人的情緒,2)不會(huì)寫(xiě)殘疾人,就在最后帶一下,雖然比較血腥吧,也沒(méi)看見(jiàn)什么disabled,handicapped這類(lèi)的所謂大詞,但是考官基本上能看懂,不會(huì)給你滿(mǎn)分,但是也不會(huì)給你低分。)
2) 如果是物體動(dòng)物為中心,那可能得寫(xiě)象征點(diǎn)主題:至少得留一個(gè)主動(dòng)用法、一個(gè)被動(dòng)用法備用,如stand for, can be regarded as a symbol as,用這幾個(gè)詞點(diǎn)主題就行了。如果根本沒(méi)有主題歸納的意識(shí),這種文章的描述就會(huì)寫(xiě)得比較少,因?yàn)閮?nèi)容本身沒(méi)有什么可描述的,用象征直接點(diǎn)中心思想就可以,不要“糾纏”。
總之,喵哥提示同學(xué)們要想不“暴死”,就別太實(shí)誠(chéng),要懂得選擇觀察的角度,避實(shí)擊虛。背到最后也是人多、人少、物體動(dòng)物這幾種情形,背一大圈兒還是回到起點(diǎn)。干嘛不歸納總結(jié)呢,反正就一天了,反正也背不動(dòng)了。
2) 沒(méi)有主題的“猝死”類(lèi)型:這種考生有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn),那就是他們都不仔細(xì)閱讀圖畫(huà)下方的文字暗示,并通過(guò)對(duì)這個(gè)文字暗示進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而歸納出文章要考的主題。他們的注意力大多集中在模板文章的默寫(xiě)。可惜的是,大多數(shù)文章的“模板句”如果不能和文章的主題相關(guān),他們寫(xiě)出的文章自然就是套話(huà)連篇、內(nèi)容空洞,自然也就不可能得到滿(mǎn)意的分?jǐn)?shù)了。
請(qǐng)看以下這篇文章:2008年考題“你我一起、走南闖北”
The picturehighlight a focal social point, that is, friendship and communication isindispensable.(錯(cuò)誤1) To begin with, it is not only beneficialfor advance of a nation, but also essential for development of a person. (錯(cuò)誤2)What is more, it (錯(cuò)誤3)can teach people treat others withsympathy, sincerity and love. Still, it can help people obtain moreopportunities in the competition and achieve themselves in the prospectivecareer. Last but not the least, it will certainly exert positive influence onsustainable development of society.
點(diǎn)評(píng):雖然考生在上述段落中用了一些難詞,比如indispensable, essential, sympathy, sincerity, 但是得分仍然不高。只從語(yǔ)法單詞的角度看,這篇文章的錯(cuò)誤似乎并不多,但是文章將主題句寫(xiě)成了friendship and communication is indispensable,可是2008年文章主題是“合作”,考官閱讀時(shí)肯定會(huì)有一種文不對(duì)題的感覺(jué)。這篇文章告訴我們,如果考生在沒(méi)有看懂題目的情況下就開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作,即使寫(xiě)了象indispensable這樣的“大詞”,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)也沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤,只要是文不對(duì)題,考官仍然會(huì)毫不客氣地給出低分。因?yàn)榭床坏胶献鳎ɑ蛘吣敲词呛献鞯慕x詞)考官就會(huì)立刻失去耐性,認(rèn)為你根本就沒(méi)看懂題目,他“失性”、你“猝死”。
喵哥建議:這個(gè)考生的寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)其實(shí)并不弱,但是他拿到文章之后,沒(méi)有通過(guò)題目中的文字暗示判定寫(xiě)作主題,而是很隨意地按照自己的想法,而不是文章的主題詞寫(xiě)作。其實(shí)這個(gè)同學(xué)只要明確文章的主題“合作”,然后把句子重新組織一下就可以了,具體寫(xiě)法如下:The primary purpose of this picture is to show (套話(huà)要少寫(xiě))that a growingnumber of people have come to realize that cooperation is not only necessary,but also indispensable for one’s career.(首句用“重要性”的句子點(diǎn)題,) As a result, they increasingly stressing the fundamental role of cooperation in today’s society(延伸句1) By doing so, they can improve working skillsnecessary for their prospective career, gradually fitting into a competitivesociety and carving their career. (延伸句2) Still,cooperation enhances mutual understanding between people, thus proving themwith mental comfort as well as spiritual back-up.(延伸句3)To sum up, in today’s world, nothing is moreimportant than cooperation (尾句要和主題呼應(yīng),可以換寫(xiě)和“重要性”有關(guān)的句子,做到首尾呼應(yīng),中間展開(kāi)。)
3. 寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤太多的“小刀割死”型:這部分考生一般都能看出文章的主題詞,但是通常把主題詞寫(xiě)在段落的結(jié)尾、2)喜歡只寫(xiě)一些和主題無(wú)關(guān)的背景類(lèi)型信息。這樣的框架處理方法,就使文章的主題詞和其相關(guān)的內(nèi)容相割裂,遲遲不能和主題掛接,越不會(huì)寫(xiě)吧,越寫(xiě)、可是越寫(xiě)吧、越不會(huì)寫(xiě)。逐漸進(jìn)入“原創(chuàng)”后,語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤無(wú)數(shù)、拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤無(wú)數(shù)?脊?zèng)]讀兩行,就產(chǎn)生一種“跳躍”感,感覺(jué)這個(gè)考生總是前言不答后語(yǔ),句子之間不能相輔相成。
閱讀以下的這篇文章:
China has rapidlydeveloping in recent years. (錯(cuò)誤1)Accoroding to the economic datas by the government, our country haschanged stronger than before.(錯(cuò)誤2) So with it followed there are a phenomenon called“China hot”in many other countries.(錯(cuò)誤3)that is, foreigners are popular with tralve to China,wearing traditional Chinesecostume,eating Chinese diet,even learning Chinese and Beijing Opera.However,isthat the picture tell us?Certainly not.(錯(cuò)誤4)The American girl is not only wearing a traditional Chinese costumebut expressing Chinese traditional cultural sign.furthermore,this picture abovedoes convey a truth that the national culture is international culture,(錯(cuò)誤5)and that is easily to understand.
這個(gè)段落的首句為Chinahas rapidly developing in recent years. 可以說(shuō),當(dāng)這位考生寫(xiě)了這句話(huà)的時(shí)候,離低分也就不太遠(yuǎn)了。也許你覺(jué)得我說(shuō)的有點(diǎn)“危言聳聽(tīng)”,但是這篇文章在闡述段的開(kāi)頭位置寫(xiě)“中國(guó)發(fā)展快”,這本身就遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地脫離了文章寫(xiě)作的中心。這樣這個(gè)段落就成了證明“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展快”,而不是“民族文化、世界文化“了。這篇文章最為致命的一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是:二段用引言句開(kāi)篇(“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展快”是個(gè)被廣大考生寫(xiě)“爛”了的引言句,這樣三句話(huà)寫(xiě)完了都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)文章主題詞。
喵哥建議1:建議考生將主題詞前置到二段段首,用“重要要重視”的寫(xiě)法開(kāi)篇,然后用先熟悉萬(wàn)能意思框架,然后選擇最明確簡(jiǎn)單的關(guān)聯(lián)詞即可,注意以下的文章寫(xiě)法:on the one hand, on the other hand, by doing so, 這樣的連詞形成中間段引申的粘結(jié),盡量多寫(xiě)和文化交流有關(guān)的句子。然后用“這種做法會(huì)造成積極/消極影響”的寫(xiě)法結(jié)尾。 The primary purpose of thispicture is that cultural exchanges are not only necessary, but also indispensable,so we are supposed to emphasize their role in a country. (開(kāi)篇句) One the one hand,(串接詞1) they will invariably enhance friendly ties between countries andimprove their mutual understanding between peoples. On the other hand,(串接詞2)they can promote communication betweenpeople in these countreis and remove the barrier between them. In the long run,(歸納總結(jié))the cultural exchanges culture will exert positive effects on thesustainable development of world civilization.(結(jié)尾句中的sustainabledevelopment雖然有些老套,但是如果主題詞前置,延伸句層次清晰,并不很明顯,反而和exertpositive effects相組合,形成了合理的結(jié)論。)
結(jié)語(yǔ):
戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上,新兵和老兵的區(qū)別是,新兵該膽大的時(shí)候膽小,該膽小的時(shí)候膽大;而老兵則相反,該膽小的時(shí)候膽小、該膽大的時(shí)候膽大?忌谝淮慰佳,多為新兵,如果這個(gè)考場(chǎng)就是戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)壕之前,記不住那么多交戰(zhàn)法則,那么只要記住以下三點(diǎn)就足夠了:
1)盡量準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)核心段落框架,模板不宜過(guò)多,但是一定要和主題詞相聯(lián)系。
2)第一段的描述和第二段的闡述延伸部分要搭配合理、表意清晰。
3)盡量減少拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。第三點(diǎn)其實(shí)反而不重要,因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法拼寫(xiě)的錯(cuò)誤多只是表象,根源在于考生的表述水平,隨著框架結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)化、以及對(duì)常用說(shuō)法的歸納整理、加上反復(fù)練習(xí),相當(dāng)一部分的拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤也就慢慢消失了。
對(duì)于總是說(shuō)我不會(huì)寫(xiě),什么都忘了的同學(xué),最后還有一個(gè)救命招,就是用數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查,到這一步,“絕境”的“絕境”了:
Clearly, the picture tells us that 主題詞plays aleading role, and we have to put emphasis on its significace in our everydaylife.(重要有害)In fact, this statement is not only impliedin the drawing above, but also supported by a recent survey by the StudentUnion of our university.(或者報(bào)紙/電視臺(tái)也行). In this survey, an overwhelming majority of people believe thatit is quite necessary to延伸 and 延伸. This study also shows that if we延伸,it ispossible for us to延伸,thus延伸。
這樣寫(xiě)法的好處是:虛虛實(shí)實(shí),將套句和說(shuō)法結(jié)合,前后一體,像模版吧,又不太像純模版,像補(bǔ)習(xí)班的產(chǎn)物吧,但是有分析有內(nèi)容。其實(shí)考生覺(jué)得自己都忘了只是考場(chǎng)太緊張所致,如果靜下心想,又會(huì)將遺忘的回憶出來(lái),只不過(guò)不系統(tǒng),這時(shí)用數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查的辦法,可以將你會(huì)的安排在一個(gè)比較穩(wěn)妥的位置,進(jìn)行填空,慢慢也就寫(xiě)順了。這種寫(xiě)法在考研寫(xiě)作中主要適用于題型偏怪,題材背得不熟的時(shí)候,沒(méi)詞兒了,只能靠他救命了。因?yàn)槿绻氵@時(shí)什么都不寫(xiě),第二段就空著,直接低分。
這樣寫(xiě)的壞處是:很多學(xué)生怕被判斷為模版,不敢用。其實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查是論證方法,考生之所以容易被看出模版,核心原因還是沒(méi)有延伸句,沒(méi)有“瓤“,光剩下“殼”,當(dāng)然讓老師看出來(lái)了。
說(shuō)一千、道一萬(wàn),考場(chǎng)上靠的是冷靜分析、合理布局、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。快打快撤是最重要的,考研這種寫(xiě)作考試,字?jǐn)?shù)少,主題簡(jiǎn)明,取決高分的不是你寫(xiě)了多少,而是有效的寫(xiě)了多少。
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