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不看文章，直接作題
第一篇：閱讀理解題答案項(xiàng)特征
通過研究歷屆六級閱讀理解題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在所列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，也有一些普遍性規(guī)律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了這些規(guī)律，他(她)們就可以找到做題時(shí)的"第六感覺"，達(dá)到所謂超常發(fā)揮的水平。如果考生來不及看文章，萬般無奈下憑這些規(guī)律可以選中不少正確選項(xiàng)。
(一)答案項(xiàng)中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語氣詞有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。
例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ 。(1995年6月六級題22)
A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant。
B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true。
C. most people have to take part-time jobs。
D. people have to change their jobs from time to time。
(分析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C、D兩項(xiàng)中都含有"have to"，語氣太絕對化，一般被排除�？忌谑Ｏ聝身�(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，就大大降低了難度。)
例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ 。(1991年6月六級題40)
A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life。
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago。
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。
(分析：B、D兩項(xiàng)中均有must be,語氣太絕對化，故一般被排除�？忌Y(jié)合短文內(nèi)容在剩下兩項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，命中率就極高了。)
(二)選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語氣詞有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多數(shù))，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ 。(1999年6月四級題30)
A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
(分析：選項(xiàng)B中often 一詞，語氣委婉，不十分肯定，故為答案。而其它三項(xiàng)中所表達(dá)出的語氣都明顯絕對化。)
例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _____ 。
A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education?
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
(分析：答案項(xiàng)C中有have to, 語氣太絕對化，故被排除。而A項(xiàng)中can't 的語氣則不十分絕對化，故為答案。)
(三)選項(xiàng)中照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而同義替換的一般是選項(xiàng)。
例(1) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ 。(1993年6月六級題32)
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
(分析：答案項(xiàng)中A、D兩項(xiàng)基本上是原文中句子的原現(xiàn)，故被排除。B項(xiàng)中有often 一詞，語氣委婉，不十肯定，故為答案。)
例(2) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六級題35)
A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。
(分析：A項(xiàng)句子基本上是原文詞句，C項(xiàng)中有already一詞，語氣太絕對化，故A、C兩項(xiàng)被排除。剩下B、D兩項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)中有不十分肯定語氣詞may not,故選D。)
(四)較全面、有針對性地表達(dá)文章中心思想的，選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)。
例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六級題25)
A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers。
B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded。
C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet。
D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect。
(分析：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可以看出，A、B、C三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容都只是從某一個(gè)方面闡述了一種觀點(diǎn)，而D項(xiàng)句子所表達(dá)的意思就較全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。)
例(2) The first paragraph is mainly about _____ . (1991年6月六級題22)??
A. the teenagers' criticism of their parents
B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
C. the dominance of the parents over their children
D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis
(分析：短文意思是講年青人有時(shí)批評、責(zé)備其父母，認(rèn)為父母對他們間誤解負(fù)大部分責(zé)任是自然的事。而B項(xiàng)意思是年青人和父母間的誤解;C項(xiàng)意思是父母對他們孩子的統(tǒng)治;D項(xiàng)指年輕人處理危機(jī)的能力。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，可以明確看出，B、C、D三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都是從三個(gè)方面來論述短文觀點(diǎn)的，而A項(xiàng)則較全面地、有針對性地表達(dá)了文章的中心意思，故為答案。)
(五)選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體的、膚淺的(字面意思)一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。
例(1) The population in the 21st century _____ , according to the writer 。
A. will be smaller than a few years ago
B. will not be as small as people expect
C. will prove to be a threat to the world
D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected
(分析：選項(xiàng)A、B中都有small一詞，該詞在文中出現(xiàn)過，因而總覺膚淺，是字面之意。C項(xiàng)明顯與文章不符，而D項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意義比small要深刻得多。)
例(2) From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one . (1990年1月六級題)
A. to be more successful in his career
B. to solve technical problems
C. to be more specialized in his field
D. to develop his professional skill
(分析：題意是"從文中看出員工素質(zhì)有助于人們 ...。" B項(xiàng)題即"解決技術(shù)問題";C項(xiàng)意即"深化專業(yè)";D項(xiàng)"發(fā)展職業(yè)技能"。這三項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意思都比較具體，而A項(xiàng)則概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。)
(六)選項(xiàng)中較符合常識的，易明白的一般不是選項(xiàng);而似乎不太合理，一時(shí)較難理解的往往是正確選項(xiàng)。
例(1) Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _____ 。(1999年1月四級題31)
A. stressing their high quality
B. unlinking him of their low price
C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
D. appealing to his buying motives
(分析：題干問的是"廣告會(huì)通過什么辦法能勸說顧客買那些沒用的產(chǎn)品?"A項(xiàng)意思是通過強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量，B項(xiàng)意思是使顧客意識到其產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低，C項(xiàng)意思是既考慮到質(zhì)量又考慮到價(jià)格。這三項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思都是我們在看廣告時(shí)能感受到的，生活中天天見到。故這樣的選項(xiàng)一般不是答案。而D項(xiàng)意思是迎合了顧客購物心理，乍一看還不太明白，不好理解。而這樣的選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案。)
例(2) Raising children, in the author's opinion, is . (1998年6月四級題32)
A. a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
(分析：題目問的是，"依作者觀點(diǎn)，撫養(yǎng)孩子是 "。 依據(jù)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钏勊�，撫養(yǎng)孩子就是A. "一種道德責(zé)任" B."不求回報(bào)的工作"。我們都覺得撫養(yǎng)孩子是人生義務(wù)，是天經(jīng)地義的。這兩項(xiàng)太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而C項(xiàng)"求回報(bào)的事"，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常識。但這樣的選項(xiàng)就是答案。D項(xiàng)有inevitable 一詞，語氣太絕對化，故排除掉。此外，在作者態(tài)度題中，象中立態(tài)度(neutral)一般不是選項(xiàng)。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，忽然有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)特別長或特別短，則此選項(xiàng)往往是正確選項(xiàng)。在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，如果除個(gè)別字外，其他部分完全一樣，其中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)。"None of the above"往往是用作干擾項(xiàng)。)
第二篇：各類題型干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
新聞?dòng)浾呃斫忸}一般采用主旨大意題、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、判斷詞匯題、邏輯推理題、作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題五種形式。考生若掌握了這些題型干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，也有助于幫助自己排除干擾項(xiàng)，做出正確地選擇。
(一)主旨大意題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)。
(1)雖覆蓋全文意思，但顯得太籠統(tǒng);
(2)其內(nèi)容太窄，不能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容，只是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，或只是文章內(nèi)容的一個(gè)細(xì)枝未節(jié);
(3)與文章內(nèi)容毫不相干，或與文章內(nèi)容相悖。
例(1) The author write this passage to _____ 。(1995年6月六級題30)
A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：文章中心意思是講漂亮對女性的不利影響(But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability。)但B項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意思偏離了主題(不是提供建議)，且不是對所有外貌有魁力的人而言的;C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太籠統(tǒng)，太寬，不是講女權(quán)平等;D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文章主旨相反。故選A項(xiàng)。)
(二)細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)。
(1)與原句內(nèi)容相反;
(2)與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同;
(3)與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對化;
(4)原文中根本沒提到。
例(1) According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?(1996年1月六級題35)
A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood。
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man?
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。
(分析：此題是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。A項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容相反，過于絕對化，原文是說由硅材料構(gòu)成的計(jì)算機(jī)可能成為一種新的智慧生命，并不是說已經(jīng)是。B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容原文中根本沒提到。C項(xiàng)說計(jì)算機(jī)的推理能力目前已超過人類，但原文內(nèi)容只是說到90年代，第6代計(jì)算機(jī)的問世，其推理能力才與人類的大腦相匹配，而不是已超過，故與原文內(nèi)容有出入。因此答案是D項(xiàng)。)
(三)邏輯推理題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
(1)不是在文章事實(shí)或上下文(句)邏輯基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理而得出了觀點(diǎn)。
(2)雖然可以以文章提供的事實(shí)或內(nèi)在邏輯為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行推理，但推理過頭，概括過度。
例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn't realize _____ 。(1993年6月六級題27)
A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things
B. the importance of the proper land use
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
D. the extraordinary rapid growth of population
(分析：此題屬從事實(shí)描述的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理。短文主要講了"環(huán)保是我們生活的一部分"。地下水位的重要性以及保護(hù)植被對保護(hù)源頭的意義和充分利用江河中的水資源的意義。而文章開頭就提出一種觀點(diǎn)"我們要著手彌補(bǔ)先輩們的錯(cuò)誤。"由此可推斷出早期先輩們沒有意識到水、土地、生物之間的相互依存關(guān)系，選A項(xiàng)。B、C項(xiàng)推理出的觀點(diǎn)太窄，不能概括整段中心，D項(xiàng)短文中根本沒提到。)
例(2) It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____ 。(1996年1月六級題24)
A. has brought about an information revolution
B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
(分析：短文中句電子媒體本身是"信息革命"(information revolution)的一部分，而A項(xiàng)說"導(dǎo)致、帶來"(brought about)信息革命，屬推理過頭。文中還談到計(jì)算機(jī)本身是一種電子媒體，而這種媒體又是音樂物質(zhì)文化的一個(gè)更為重要的部分，而B項(xiàng)"加速新一代計(jì)算機(jī)的產(chǎn)生"從邏輯上推不出來。D項(xiàng)說導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)樂器的變革，而文中根本沒提到"traditional musical instruments"屬不在事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行揄，故錯(cuò)。因此，選項(xiàng)C才是正確答案。)
(四)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)縱觀歷屆四、六級閱讀理解試題在考查學(xué)生揣測作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，正確選項(xiàng)要么是肯定、贊揚(yáng)、褒義性的(如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等)要么是否定、批評、貶義性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等)而又以否定、貶義性居多。所以此類題型中的中性詞(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均為干擾項(xiàng)。
由于近幾年文章都是反映與社會(huì)聯(lián)系緊密的，多為人們所擔(dān)心的現(xiàn)象，故作者對這些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象持批評態(tài)度的較多。
例(1) The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _____ . (1998年 6月六級題25)
(分析：答案是(B)critical 其它選項(xiàng)(A)positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerant均為干擾項(xiàng)。)
例(2) What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _____ . (1998年1月六級題30)
A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh。
C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry industry in Bangladesh。
(分析：答案選C。表明作者的批語態(tài)度。)
例(3) The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _____ 。(1996年1月四級題68)
(分析：正確答案為(C)critical, 其它選項(xiàng)(A)neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising 均為干擾項(xiàng)。)
第三篇：緊急狀況下的閱讀答題方法
做好閱讀理解題，最理想的步驟是先迅速瀏覽五道題大體了解一下五道題各自提問了什么，各選項(xiàng)句是什么意思。然后帶著題干的提問略讀全文，以最快的速度掌握所閱讀材料中的主要內(nèi)容和主要觀點(diǎn)，模清五道題各自提問的內(nèi)容大體在文章的什么位置，并做些相應(yīng)的記號。接著開始逐個(gè)答題如果哪一題在略讀基礎(chǔ)上不能選出，再到文中相應(yīng)的地方進(jìn)行查讀、細(xì)讀，直至選出正確答案。五題全做完后，最后把五個(gè)選出的答案連起來看一看，檢查一下是否存在明顯的邏輯不通或相沖突。如果有，及時(shí)訂正;如果沒有，可以做下一篇文章。但是，如果考生時(shí)間實(shí)在不夠了而剩下一、兩篇還沒做，在此緊急狀況下，該如何閱讀答題呢?下面介紹一些臨門一腳的訣竅。
(一)針對主旨大意題只讀段首、段尾句。一般來說，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主題思想往往通過段首、段尾句表達(dá)出來�？忌杆僬业搅诉@些主題句，也能答題。
例(1) The author writes this passage to _____ 。(1995年6月六級題30)
A. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive。
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：考生若沒有時(shí)間看整個(gè)文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句話：But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句話：While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能選出正確答案項(xiàng)A。)
例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ 。(1991年6月六級題40)
A. better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.??
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。
(分析：此題主要考某一段的中心意思�？忌嗫吹搅嗽摱蔚谝痪湓挘篏reenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使沒有通讀全段，考生也應(yīng)能選出A項(xiàng)為正確答案。)
(二)若針對舉例子、引用名人言論、特殊符號(如冒號、引號、破折號)后內(nèi)容出題，考生可只讀例子、名人言話、符號前后句內(nèi)容，然后符號題。
例(1) Tish Sommers argues that _____ . (1994上1月六級題28)
A. older women find it hard to escape poverty。
B. older women usually perform better in their jobs
C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism
D. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism。
(分析：考生一看到題干，迅速到文章中找到Tish Sommers 的位置，人名開頭字母大寫，容易找到，且有雙引號引用了她的原話："When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in the doorstep it moves in"。考生只要看看新引用的話及前后句內(nèi)容，就能選出正確答案A項(xiàng)。)
例(2) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ . (1993年6月六級題32)
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep。
(分析：考生一看到此人名字，迅速從課文中找到，然后細(xì)讀他所說的話："people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David. "They think they're key because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."只要理解了這些話，考生應(yīng)能選出B項(xiàng)。)
(三)如果題目只是針對某一段內(nèi)容而提問，考生可只看該段內(nèi)容即可答題，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到時(shí)要交卷，而能做出的題因時(shí)間不足而瞎猜。
例(1) In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _____ 。(1996年1月六級題26) (建議：考生看完第一段就做此題，不必看后面內(nèi)容)
例(2) From the third paragraph, we can leard that _____ 。(建議：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答題。)
(四)針對詞匯題，考生可只看詞匯所在句和前后句內(nèi)容即可答題，因?yàn)閷卧~字義的揣測，一般只通過單詞所在句或前后句內(nèi)容就能猜出。
例(1) The word "dubious"(Line. 2)most probably means _____ 。(1990年1月六級題33)
A.valuable B. useful C. doubtful D. helpful
(分析：對"dubious"一詞詞義的揣測，可根據(jù)該單詞所在句和其前面一句話即可猜出。Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 從這兩句可猜出dubious是含有貶義、否定語氣的，故選C。)
例(2) The word "hassles" in the passage (Line 4) probably means _____ 。(1993年6月六級題24)
A. agreements B. disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels
(分析：判斷"hassles"意思，可從該詞所在句前后句判斷出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 從前后句意思及介詞over, 考生可猜出"hassles"就是quarrels。)
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