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2013年考研英語二真題及答案(完整版)
2013年研究生入學(xué)考試英語二真題與解析
英語二完型
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
英語二閱讀原文及出處：
Text 1
In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the quantum advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers。
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. Average is over。
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total — disappeared。”
And you ain’t seen nothin’ yet. Last April, Annie Lowrey of Slate wrote about a start-up called“E la Carte” that is out to shrink the need for waiters and waitresses: The company “has produced a kind of souped-up iPad that lets you order and pay right at your table. The brainchild of a bunch of M.I.T. engineers, the nifty invention, known as the Presto, might be found at a restaurant near you soon. ... You select what you want to eat and add items to a cart. Depending on the restaurant’s preferences, the console could show you nutritional information, ingredients lists and photographs. You can make special requests, like ‘dressing on the side’ or ‘quintuple bacon.’ When you’re done, the order zings over to the kitchen, and the Presto tells you how long it will take for your items to come out. ... Bored with your companions? Play games on the machine. When you’re through with your meal, you pay on the console, splitting the bill item by item if you wish and paying however you want. And you can have your receipt e-mailed to you. ... Each console goes for $100 per month. If a restaurant serves meals eight hours a day, seven days a week, it works out to 42 cents per hour per table — making the Presto cheaper than even the very cheapest waiter。”
What the iPad won’t do in an above average way a Chinese worker will. Consider this paragraph from Sunday’s terrific article in The Times by Charles Duhigg and Keith Bradsher about why Apple does so much of its manufacturing in China: “Apple had redesigned the iPhone’s screen at the last minute, forcing an assembly-line overhaul. New screens began arriving at the [Chinese] plant near midnight. A foreman immediately roused 8,000 workers inside the company’s dormitories, according to the executive. Each employee was given a biscuit and a cup of tea, guided to a workstation and within half an hour started a 12-hour shift fitting glass screens into beveled frames. Within 96 hours, the plant was producing over 10,000 iPhones a day. ‘The speed and flexibility is breathtaking,’ the executive said. ‘There’s no American plant that can match that.’ ”
And automation is not just coming to manufacturing, explains Curtis Carlson, the chief executive of SRI International, a Silicon Valley idea lab that invented the Apple iPhone program known as Siri, the digital personal assistant. “Siri is the beginning of a huge transformation in how we interact with banks, insurance companies, retail stores, health care providers, information retrieval services and product services。”
There will always be change — new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. Here are the latest unemployment rates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for Americans over 25 years old: those with less than a high school degree, 13.8 percent; those with a high school degree and no college, 8.7 percent; those with some college or associate degree, 7.7 percent; and those with bachelor’s degree or higher, 4.1 percent。
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education。
亞當(dāng)•戴維森(Adam Davidson)《在美國制造》一文中提到南部種棉地區(qū)的一個(gè)笑話，內(nèi)容涉及現(xiàn)代紡織廠自動(dòng)化的程度：如今的普通工廠只有兩個(gè)雇員，“一個(gè)人外加一條狗。人是負(fù)責(zé)喂狗的，狗是讓人不要靠近機(jī)器的。”
我們的失業(yè)率為何居高不下、中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入為何下降，其實(shí)大部分是由于大衰退造成的需求大幅下降。這其中也有全球化和信息科技革命巨大進(jìn)步的推動(dòng)：機(jī)器或者外國工人取代勞力的速度空前。最近有大量文章都在討論這些，戴維森的文章只是其中一篇而已。
過去，只要有個(gè)一般的手藝，做份普通的工作，工人生活就過得還湊合。但如今，擁有一般水平不行了。不出眾就沒法像過去一樣活著了。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在越來越多的雇主有大把的機(jī)會(huì)接觸到不錯(cuò)的外國廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力、便宜的機(jī)器人、廉價(jià)的軟件、低廉的自動(dòng)化設(shè)備和要價(jià)低的人才。因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值：異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們在各自的雇傭市場上脫穎而出�？科接咕湍苓^日子的時(shí)代結(jié)束了。
是的，新技術(shù)一直就在吞噬我們的工作，將來還會(huì)繼續(xù)吞噬。而且吞噬的速度在加快。俗話說，如果馬會(huì)投票，那就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有小轎車了。如戴維森所言，“2009年之前的十年內(nèi)，美國工廠裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于過去70年新增的工人數(shù)量;大概每三個(gè)工作崗位就有一個(gè)崗位消失了，總共約有600萬之多。”
還有好戲呢。去年四月，Slate 雜志的安妮•洛瑞(Annie Lowrey)寫了一篇初創(chuàng)公司E la Carte的文章，其目標(biāo)是減少對服務(wù)生的需要：這家公司“已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)出了一種增強(qiáng)版的iPad，它可以讓您在桌邊點(diǎn)菜和買單。也許很快在身邊的餐館里你就會(huì)見到這個(gè)麻省理工工程師們的杰作、時(shí)髦的發(fā)明 Presto了。你可以選擇你想吃的，把它放進(jìn)小推車?yán)�。根�?jù)餐館的選擇，控制設(shè)備會(huì)顯示營養(yǎng)信息、成分清單和圖片等。你也可以有具體的需求，比如說‘調(diào)料放在邊上’或者‘五倍的熏肉’。你都決定好之后，訂單立馬會(huì)傳到廚房，Presto會(huì)告訴你所點(diǎn)的東西花多長時(shí)間可以出來。... 與同伴等得不耐煩了?那就再iPad上玩玩游戲吧。吃完飯之后，你可以在控制設(shè)備上付款，如果你愿意，你可以一個(gè)菜一個(gè)菜地分割賬單付款，你也可以選擇付款方式。你還可以要求將收據(jù)發(fā)郵件給你。... 使用每個(gè)控制設(shè)備每月需要100美金。如果一家餐館每天營業(yè)8小時(shí)，每周營業(yè)7天，那么每張餐桌每小時(shí)的成本只有42美分：因此Presto比最廉價(jià)的服務(wù)員都便宜。”
iPad不能以超常方式做的，中國工人都可以做。來看看查爾斯•杜赫(Charles Duhigg) 和基斯?布拉德舍(Keith Bradsher)在周日在本報(bào)(《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》)上的一篇美文吧，文中有一段講述了蘋果公司為什么將那么多的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)放在中國：“最后一刻，蘋果公司重新設(shè)計(jì)了iPhone 的屏幕，因此裝配線需要全部調(diào)整。午夜時(shí)分左右，新屏幕開始到達(dá)中國工廠。根據(jù)這位執(zhí)行官的敘述，一名領(lǐng)班立即叫醒了公司宿舍的8000名工人。每人領(lǐng)了一份餅干和一杯茶后，就被帶到一個(gè)車間，半小時(shí)內(nèi)，他們就開始了12小時(shí)的輪班，將玻璃屏幕裝到斜面框架中。96小時(shí)之后，這家工廠每天就能生產(chǎn)1萬臺(tái)iPhone.‘這種速度和靈活性令人目瞪口呆。’這位執(zhí)行官說，‘在美國找不到這樣的工廠。’”
自動(dòng)化也不僅僅發(fā)生在生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域，硅谷科技公司孵化器斯坦福國際研究院(SRIInternational)的首席執(zhí)行官柯蒂斯•卡爾森(CurtisCarlson)說。該公司發(fā)明了蘋果iPhone的個(gè)人數(shù)字助理服務(wù)Siri程序。“在改變我們與銀行、保險(xiǎn)公司、零售商店、醫(yī)療保健提供商、信息檢索服務(wù)公司和產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)公司的關(guān)系方面，Siri只是這個(gè)巨大轉(zhuǎn)變的開始。”
變化總是會(huì)存在的，新工作、新產(chǎn)品和新服務(wù)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)。但我們確信無疑的是，全球化和科學(xué)技術(shù)每前進(jìn)一步，最好的工作都會(huì)要求工人接收過更多的更優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育，這樣他們才會(huì)超于常人。下面是美國勞工局對美國25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)：高中學(xué)歷都沒有的失業(yè)率為13.8%;有高中學(xué)歷，但沒大學(xué)學(xué)歷的為8.7%;有大學(xué)或大專學(xué)歷的為7.7%;有學(xué)士甚至更高學(xué)位的只有4.1%。
在一個(gè)平庸者已經(jīng)無法生存的時(shí)代，我們需要做的促進(jìn)就業(yè)的事情有很多，但沒有哪個(gè)比通過像《退伍軍人權(quán)利法案》之類的法案來得重要。只有這樣，才能保證21世紀(jì)的每個(gè)美國都能接受高中之后的教育。
Text 2
Imagine a new immigration policy
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage。
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it。
We don''t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges。
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among today''s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another。
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably。
Imagine life with a radically different immigration policy: The Jamaican woman who came as a visitor and was looking after your aunt until she died could try living in Canada for a while. You could eventually ask her to come back to care for your mother。
The Indian software developer could take some of his Silicon Valley earnings home to join friends in a little start-up, knowing that he could always work in California again. Or the Mexican laborer who busts his back on a Wisconsin dairy farm for wages that keep milk cheap would come and go as needed because he could decide which dairy to work for, and a bi-national bank program was helping him save money to build a better life for his kids in Mexico。
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system。
A new system that encourages both sojourners and settlers would not only help ensure that our society receives the human resources it will need in the future, it also could have an added benefit: Changing the rigid framework might help us resolve the status of the estimated 11 million unauthorized migrants who are our shared legacy of policy failures。
Currently, we do not do gray zones well. Hundreds of thousands of people slosh around in indeterminate status because they''re caught in bureaucratic limbo or because they have been granted temporary stays that are repeatedly extended. President Barack Obama created a paler shade of gray this summer by exercising prosecutorial discretion not to deport some young people who were brought to this country illegally as children. But these are exceptions, not rules。
The basic mechanism for legal immigration today, apart from the special category of refugee, is the legal permanent resident visa, or green card. Most recipients are people sponsored by close relatives who live in the United States. As the name implies, this mechanism is designed for immigrants who are settling down. The visa can be revoked if the holder does not show "intent to remain" by not maintaining a U.S. address, going abroad to work full time or just traveling indefinitely. Legal residents are assumed to be on their way to becoming Americans, physically, culturally and legally. After five years of living here, they become eligible for citizenship and a chance to gain voting rights and full access to the social safety net。
This is a fine way to deal with people who arrive with deep connections to the country and who resolve to stay. That can and should be most immigrants. But this mechanism has two problems: The nation is not prepared to offer citizenship to every migrant who is offered a job. And not everyone who comes here wants to stay forever。
It may have once made sense to think of immigrants as sodbusters who were coming to settle empty spaces. But that antique reasoning does not apply when the country is looking at a long, steep race to remain competitive in the world economy, particularly not when innovation and entrepreneurship are supposed to be our comparative advantage. To succeed, we need modern birds of passage。
The challenges differ depending on whether you are looking at the high end of the skills spectrum, the information workers or at low-skilled laborers。
A frequent proposal for highly skilled workers comes with the slogan, "Staple a green card to the diploma." That is supposed to ensure that a greater share of brainy international students remain in the United States after earning degrees in science and technology. But what if they are not ready for
a long-term commitment? No one would suggest that investment capital or design processes need to reside permanently in one nation. Talent today yearns to be equally mobile. Rather than try to oblige smart young people from abroad to stay here, we should allow them to think of the United States as a place where they can always return, a place where they will spend part, not all, of their lives, one of several places where they can live and work and invest。
Temporary-worker programs are a conventional approach to meeting low-skilled labor needs without illegal immigration. That''s what President George W. Bush proposed in 2004, saying the government should "match willing foreign workers with willing American employers." An immigrant comes to do a particular job for a limited period of time and then goes home. But such programs risk replacing one kind of rigidity with another. The relatively small programs currently in place don''t manage the matchmaking very well。
Competing domestic workers need to be protected, as do the migrant workers, and the process must be nimble enough to meet labor market demand. Nobody really has pulled that off, and there is no reason to believe it can be done on a grand scale. Rather than trying to link specific migrants to specific jobs, different types of temporary work visas could be pegged to industries, to places or to time periods. You could get an engineering visa, not only a visa to work at Intel。
Both short-term visas and permanent residence need to be part of the mix, but they are not the whole answer. Another valuable tool is the provisional visa, which Australia uses as a kind of intermediary stage in which temporary immigrants spend several years before becoming eligible for permanent residency. The U.S. system practically obliges visitors to spend time here without authorization when they''ve married a citizen, gotten a job or done something else that qualifies them to stay legally。
We also could borrow from Europe and create long-term permission to reside for certain migrants that is contingent on simply being employed, not on having a specific job. And, legislation could loosen the definitions of permanent residency so that migrants could gain a lifetime right to live and work in the United States without having to be here (and pay taxes here) more or less continuously。
The idea that newcomers are either saints or sinners is not written indelibly either in our hearts or in our laws. As the size of the unauthorized population has grown over the past 20 years or so, the political response has dictated seeing immigration policy through the stark lens of law enforcement:
Whom do we lock up, kick out, fence off? Prominent politicians of both parties, including both presidential candidates, have engaged in macho one-upmanship when it comes to immigration. So, President Obama broke records for deportations. Mitt Romney, meanwhile, vows to break records for border security。Breaking out of the either/or mentality opens up many avenues for managing future immigration. It could also help break the stalemate over the current population of unauthorized migrants. No election result will produce a Congress that offers a path to citizenship for everybody, but there is no support for total deportation, either。
If we accept that there are spaces between legal and illegal, then options multiply。
Citizenship could be an eventual outcome for most, not all, people here illegally, but everyone would get some kind of papers, and we can engineer a way for people to work their way from one status to another. The newly arrived and least attached could be granted status for a limited time and receive help with returning to their home countries. Others might be offered life-long privileges to live and work here, but not citizenship. We''d give the fullest welcome to those with homes, children or long time jobs。
By insisting that immigrants are either Americans or aliens, we make it harder for some good folks to come and we oblige others to stay for the wrong reasons. Worse, we ensure that there will always be people living among us who are outside the law, and that is not good for them or us。
Text 3
Beyond the Blink
When the Supreme Court announced its decision on the Affordable Care Act last month, the media went wild. The rush to judgment took seconds. CNN and Fox News initially described the decision incorrectly, saying five justices had struck down the law. Even after corrections, the snap analysis that followed wasn’t very helpful. The multipart decision is complex, and its ramifications will take months or even years to understand。
The blink response to this case is only the latest example of a troubling increase in the speed of our reactions. E-mail, social media and the 24-hour news cycle are informational amphetamines, a cocktail of pills that we pop at an increasingly fast pace — and that lead us to make mistaken split-second decisions. Economists label the problem “present bias”： we are vulnerable to fast, salient stimulation。
Fortunately, there is an antidote: the conscious pause. Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses。
For example, countless studies have shown that physicians’ immediate, unconscious reactions to racial minorities lead them to undertreat black patients. In one study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine in 2007, researchers asked several hundred doctors about a hypothetical 50-year-old male patient who showed up with chest pain. The researchers gave the doctors a photograph of the man, randomly varying his race. Half saw him as white; half saw him as black。
Sure enough, although the doctors insisted they were not racially biased, they were more likely to prescribe thrombolysis, an anti-blood-clotting procedure, for the white patient, while giving the black patient a less-aggressive prescription. The doctors didn’t appear racist, yet their unconscious snap reactions led them to treat blacks differently — the very definition of racism。
However, about one in four of the doctors guessed that the study was designed to test racial bias. They stopped for a moment and considered how they might react differently depending on race. The researchers found that this “aware” subgroup did not treat patients differently. Once they paused to consider whether race was an issue, race was no longer an issue。
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. If we need to understand how nine justices resolved a difficult legal issue, we need even more time。
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid, even subliminal stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Sanford DeVoe and Chen-Bo Zhong, psychologists at the University of Toronto, found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long。
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling)， we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, as a study by the economists Bradley Ruffle and Ze’ev Shtudiner shows, we can help screeners understand their biases — or hire outside screeners。
John Gottman, the marriage guru made famous in Malcolm Gladwell’s best-selling book “Blink,” explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds。
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: primates and dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term。
The beginning of summer is supposed to be the time for us to slow down and take a breath. Go to the beach with a few books. Spend downtime with family. Tune out. But instead of jumping into the swimming pool, we have leapt into a whirlpool of news。
Still, although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend. There are a couple of summer months left, and no time to waste。
Frank Partnoy is a law professor at the University of San Diego and the author of “Wait: The Art and Science of Delay。”
Text 4
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses。
46.英語二翻譯
I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was four。
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory. I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broodway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way。
47 Writing suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to
1) inform them about the details and
2)encourage them to participate 100 words use LiMing.Don''t write your address。
48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should
(1)interpret the chart ,and
(2)give your comments
You should write about 150 words。
2013考研英語二真題解析
1.【答案】A (However)
【解析】空前作者講到“鑒于電子貨幣的優(yōu)勢,你也許會(huì)認(rèn)為,我們將快速步入非現(xiàn)金社會(huì),實(shí)現(xiàn)完全電子支付。”而空后說“真正的無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)很可能不會(huì)馬上到來” 這兩句話語義是轉(zhuǎn)折的，因此答案A。 B. moreover表遞進(jìn) C. therefore 表結(jié)果 D. Otherwise表對比
2.【答案】D (around)
【解析】由空格所在句的“but” 得知，句子前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。事實(shí)上,這樣的預(yù)測已經(jīng) 二十年了,但迄今還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。A. off 停止 B. back 返回 C. over 結(jié)束，與后文均不構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故答案選D. around出現(xiàn)。
3.【答案】B (concept)
【解析】空格所在的句子意思為例如, 1975年《商業(yè)周刊》預(yù)測電子支付手段不久將“徹底改變貨幣本身的____”將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，能夠徹底改變的對象只能是金錢的概念(定義)，而A“力量”,C“歷史”,D“角色”，語義都不恰當(dāng)，并且如果選擇 role的話，應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)roles, 因?yàn)槭墙疱X的作用不止一個(gè)，故答案選B。
4.【答案】D (reverse)
【解析】空格填入的動(dòng)詞跟前面的動(dòng)詞 revolutionize (變革)意思上應(yīng)該是同義替換的，要選擇含有變革，徹底改變意思的詞匯，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A. reward 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)，都不合適，只有D選項(xiàng)reverse“顛覆”最為貼切，本句譯為“電子支付方式不久將改變貨幣的定義,并將在數(shù)年后顛覆貨幣本身。”
5.【答案】C (slow)
【解析】根據(jù)前面的句意得知，早在1975年就預(yù)測了無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)將到來，而實(shí)際上作者講到“真正的無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)很可能不會(huì)馬上到來”，因此也得出這種變革是一個(gè)緩慢的過程，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady穩(wěn)定不變的。
6.【答案】B (against)
【解析】上一段末句提出本段的論點(diǎn)，即人們進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金時(shí)代的速度緩慢的原因。因此本段應(yīng)圍繞紙幣系統(tǒng)不會(huì)消失來闡述。而且由句首的Although得知，空格所在句與前一句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。盡管電子支付手段可能比紙幣支付方式更加高效，然而以下幾個(gè)方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會(huì)”消失的原因，故答案選 B，work against妨礙，對…產(chǎn)生消極影響。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對…起作用，都不合適。
7.【答案】B (expensive)
【解析】本句陳述的原因都是關(guān)于上句提到的傳統(tǒng)支付方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以根據(jù)這個(gè)基調(diào)，得出選項(xiàng)productive不對，最后根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容推理出消極意思的選項(xiàng)expensive，其他選項(xiàng)意思放到空格處不合理，imaginative，意思是“虛構(gòu)的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、容易受傷的”。故本題正確答案為B。
8.【答案】D(dominant)
【解析】空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，C, D是比較恰當(dāng)?shù)�，再結(jié)合本文章的主旨，應(yīng)該選擇“占主導(dǎo)地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項(xiàng)。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,都不合適。
9.【答案】B (provide)
【解析】 紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠____收據(jù),這是和電子支付相比的一大優(yōu)勢，A. collect 收集收據(jù)，C. copy 復(fù)印收據(jù)，D. print打印收據(jù)都和實(shí)際生活不符合。應(yīng)該是B. provide提供收據(jù)。
10.【答案】A (give up)
【解析】該動(dòng)詞短語的賓語是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢，肯定是消費(fèi)者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢相搭配的動(dòng)詞短語不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢，符合語境，為正確答案。
11. 【答案】A (before)
【解析】這里考查的是時(shí)間連詞的應(yīng)用。句子意思是“在支票兌換成現(xiàn)金之前要花上好幾天”，符合句意的只有before，其它三項(xiàng)都不符合。
12. 【答案】D (withdrawn)
【解析】這里考查動(dòng)詞辨義。原文句子意思是“資金是從發(fā)卡機(jī)構(gòu)的賬戶里提取的”，withdraw有“提款、取款”的意思，這里是指紙幣從銀行賬戶中“被取出”故為正確答案。
13. 【答案】C (Because)
【解析】這里考查的是連詞的應(yīng)用。從原文可以看出空后的兩個(gè)句子在意思上存在著因果關(guān)系，“因?yàn)殡娮又Ц妒羌锤兜模韵丝蛻舻母犊?rdquo;。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C because可以表因果，其他三項(xiàng)均不能表因果。故答案為C。
14. 【答案】C( raise)
【解析】 這里考查的是動(dòng)詞辨析以及上下文語義銜接。[A] hide “隱藏，隱瞞”，[B] express “表達(dá)，表示”，[C] raise “舉起，提高，引發(fā)”，[D] ease “減輕，緩和”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和concerns 構(gòu)成搭配的只有raise，故正確答案為[C]。
15.【答案】C.(stored)
【解析】這句講了an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information__________ there. “一些黑客入侵電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫并且更改_____信息”根據(jù)空前信息可知是入侵電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫，所以information 是被儲(chǔ)存在電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫中的信息。
16.【答案】C.(uncommon)
【解析】此題考查一致性�？崭袼诰�“The fact that this is not an__16_occurrence means that…”中this指代上文中that從句的內(nèi)容，即黑客能夠獲取電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫和更改儲(chǔ)存的信息。因此not an_16_occurrence應(yīng)該能體現(xiàn)這一行為的特征，而上文提到“We often hear media reports that…”，其中的often正是對這一行為的特征解釋，即not an__occurrence等于often的含義，對比選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)uncommon符合，帶入后意為“經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情”。
17.【答案】A (steal)
【解析】本題缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，通過語法結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，主語是dishonest persons，并通過后面的其他人的帳戶，可以推定為答案是負(fù)向的，只有A steal符合題意，語義上也說得通，故為正確答案。
18.【答案】B.(prevention)
【解析】文章最后一段首句談?wù)撾娮痈顿M(fèi)方式的又一個(gè)缺陷：會(huì)引起安全和隱私問題。接下來就開始解釋這個(gè)現(xiàn)象�？崭袼诰涮岬�“對這種欺詐的_18__ 絕非易事，而且一個(gè)新的電腦科學(xué)領(lǐng)域正在形成來_19__安全問題。”因此，本句在談?wù)搶栴}的解決應(yīng)對。18空格與19空格所填內(nèi)容語意上應(yīng)該是一致的。瀏覽選項(xiàng)，18空只能選prevention，即防止這種欺詐行為發(fā)生并非易事，而C選項(xiàng)manipulation是“操縱”的意思，D選項(xiàng) justification意為“解釋，證明……合理”，均不合理。
19.【答案】A.(cope with)
【解析】此空格解釋同18空格，應(yīng)選有“處理，解決”意思的選項(xiàng)，只有A選項(xiàng)cope with合適。B選項(xiàng)fight against意為“對抗，抵制”，而賓語是security issues，因此不符合。
20.【答案】D.(trail)
【解析】此空所在句提出了使用電子付費(fèi)方式的又一個(gè)擔(dān)心，即會(huì)留下__20_，空格后的定語從句解釋了空格內(nèi)容，即它包含大量個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)。瀏覽選項(xiàng)，只有 trail符合，意為“痕跡”。B碎片從語義上均說不通，C路徑有一定的干擾性，但相比較D而言，痕跡更為合適，故為正確答案
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21.【答案】A
【解析】第一段第二行指出笑話是關(guān)于紡織廠自動(dòng)化程度的，后一句具體說明了笑話的內(nèi)容：工廠平均每天只有兩個(gè)人，一人一狗。人的工作是喂狗，狗的工作是看機(jī)器，暗示了工廠所有的生產(chǎn)工作都是由機(jī)器自動(dòng)完成的。因此，這個(gè)笑話是用來說明技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響，故選A。
22.【答案】D
【解析】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干“根據(jù)第3段，要想成為一個(gè)成功的雇員，一個(gè)人得……”, 我們首先可以定位到文章第三段，由第三段的最后一句話“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.”意思是“因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值，異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們在各自的雇傭市場上脫穎而出。”，我們可以得出，題干中 “to be a successful employee”與第三段的最后一句話中的“that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”是同義替換，“everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution”與D選項(xiàng)中的“contribute something unique”是同義替換，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與第三段的倒數(shù)第二句話意思不符，是干擾選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)與第三段的第一、二句話意思相反，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是“But ,today ,average is officially over.”，意思是“現(xiàn)如今，擁有一般水平不行了。”
23. 【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，第一句technology has been eating jobs(技術(shù)使工作機(jī)會(huì)減少)也反映了該段的主旨。而根據(jù)題干quotation一詞，我們讀到引號(hào)里有“shed workers (解雇工人)”、“roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared (大約1/3的手工生產(chǎn)工作機(jī)會(huì)消失，總計(jì)6百萬)”，可推斷出B選項(xiàng)。
24. 【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干reduce unemployment減少失業(yè)，可以定位到文章中最后一段，這段出現(xiàn)了與之類似的表達(dá)“support employment” 促進(jìn)就業(yè)，而題干表述“the most important”與文章“nothing would be more important than”相對應(yīng)，指出促進(jìn)就業(yè)最重要的是頒布類似于“G.I.Bill”的法案來保障人們接受高等教育的權(quán)利，選項(xiàng)C與之吻合，故正確。A項(xiàng)加速信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)變革，C項(xiàng)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，均未提及，故排除。D項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)，雖提及要頒布更多法案，但頒布法案的目的實(shí)際是為了保障教育，故也排除。
25.【答案】C
【解析】該題是主旨大意題，主要考查考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容凝練主旨大意的能力。從整個(gè)文章的脈絡(luò)來看，第一段以亞當(dāng)•大衛(wèi)森一篇論文中關(guān)于現(xiàn)代工廠自動(dòng)化與僅需要一人一狗兩個(gè)員工的一則笑話，揭示了科技進(jìn)步給人們帶來的影響。第二三段是科技的進(jìn)步引起工廠自動(dòng)化水平提高，普通員工如果沒有競爭力和突出優(yōu)勢，就很容易失去工作，因此也對員工提出了更高的要求(extra-unique value contribution)。第四段就是員工只有不斷地提高自己的教育水平，才能讓自己脫穎而出(to have more and better education to make themselves above average)。最后一段點(diǎn)明主題，average is officially over。由此可見，全文一直在圍繞這一宏觀主線展開，這一主線也統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文，所以正確答案為C。
Text 2
26.【答案】C (stay in a foreign temporarily)
【解析】詞義句意題。根據(jù)題干，首先定位到首段末句。在這句中，birds of passage是前面一句中的1/4的意大利移民的昵稱，他們只在美國居住了一段時(shí)間，但最終還是返回意大利。A項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在首段首句有提及，但是它突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的是橫跨大西洋的移民，這也是一世紀(jì)前的情況，而如今birds of passage可能來自世界各個(gè)角落，并非局限于大西洋兩岸。B項(xiàng)與段意不符，D項(xiàng)文中未提及。
27.【答案】C (should be adopted to meet challenges)
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，直接定位到第二段。解題關(guān)鍵可定位到“…, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond stick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, …We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.”大意是“我們需要改變的是關(guān)于分類的思考方式，突破合法和非法的嚴(yán)格限制。首先承認(rèn)短暫移民者的存在，然后解決移民問題面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。”C項(xiàng)高度總結(jié)了以上幾點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)與原文意思不符。B、D項(xiàng)在文中未提及。
28.【答案】D (the freedom to stay and leave)
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，可定位到第三段。解題關(guān)鍵在于對“They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them .They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.”大意是“他們跟著機(jī)會(huì)走，來去自如。他們可以在一個(gè)地方立業(yè)，在另一個(gè)地方成家”。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是工作機(jī)會(huì)，而不在乎工作地點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)是這句意思的高度概括。A項(xiàng)是對原文的片面理解，吸引短暫移民者的不僅僅是來自金錢的激勵(lì)(financial incentives)，還有工作機(jī)會(huì)和工作理念。B項(xiàng)在文中未提及。C項(xiàng)中的regular jobs(一般工作)在文中未提及，也是對文意的曲解。
29.【答案】C (with legal tolerance)
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，可定位到第五段。題干問到“根據(jù)作者的意思，我們(美國)應(yīng)該怎樣對待這些短暫移民者?”在本段中，作者寫道我們應(yīng)該 “Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system”，大意是“我們應(yīng)該超越移民合法性方面的文化之爭，重現(xiàn)看待中間地段，充分意識(shí)到當(dāng)今的移民管理體系需要各種途徑，從而取得多樣化的結(jié)果，來解決現(xiàn)今移民體系下用法律手段很難解決的問題”，暗含了C項(xiàng)中的tolerance也就是對multiple paths and multiple outcomes的改寫。A、B和D項(xiàng)在文中未提及。
30.【答案】D (legal or illegal: big mistake)
【解析】主旨大意題。文章第二段第二句中提到“我們把新移民分成兩類：合法移民和不合法移民”，同時(shí)作者認(rèn)為“我們不需要局限于合法與不合法這樣嚴(yán)格的定義”，這說明了從合法和不合法角度對于移民的分類是錯(cuò)誤的。另外，文章最后一段最后一句“包括在現(xiàn)行的移民體系中不容易合法的實(shí)現(xiàn)的一些事情”也反映了文章的中心。即，從合法和不合法角度對于移民的分類是錯(cuò)誤的。故選D(合法或非法：大錯(cuò)誤)。 A項(xiàng)談到短暫移民者的移動(dòng)是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，偏離了文章主旨。B和C項(xiàng)說的是risk(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))，文中并未提及，偏離文章主旨。
Text 3
31.【答案】 [D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“作決定過程中所需的時(shí)間可以_____”。文章第一段提到“如果我們在做出反應(yīng)之前花點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間來思考，那么將會(huì)減少甚至消除我們快速反應(yīng)所帶來的負(fù)面影響”，也就是說我們做決定所花的時(shí)間決定了我們判斷的準(zhǔn)確性。文章第二段第二句話也隱含本題正確答案線索。第二句以But 這一轉(zhuǎn)折連詞引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)關(guān)注其后表達(dá)的信息，“但是，我們需要更多的時(shí)間來評(píng)估其他要素。”而本段的第三、四句子，很明顯地揭示出本題正確答案，尤其是第三個(gè)句子中的“accurately” 一詞。選項(xiàng)D中的表達(dá)“可預(yù)先決定判斷的準(zhǔn)確性”，此外，此選項(xiàng)中的“accuracy” 為“accurately ”的同詞異形，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A表達(dá)“依形勢緊急性而定”錯(cuò)在無中生有，本文并沒有出現(xiàn)類似信息;選項(xiàng)B“證明大腦反映的復(fù)雜性”，也是無中生有;選項(xiàng)C “取決于評(píng)估的重要性”，也與原文不符合，故排除。
32.【答案】[A] can be associative
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“我們對于快餐商標(biāo)的反應(yīng)速度表明決定是_____樣的”,由題干的“fast-food logo”我們可以定位到第三段。第二段說處理人際關(guān)系問題時(shí)人們會(huì)倉促?zèng)Q定，第三段開頭就說了，讓人做出倉促?zèng)Q定的刺激因素不僅限于人際關(guān)系范圍內(nèi)。緊接著一句說人們對快餐商標(biāo)的反應(yīng)速度比一般閱讀速度快。下一句闡述了原因：因?yàn)槿藗儫o意識(shí)地(unconsciously)將“快餐”與“速度”和“心急”聯(lián)系在一起，并將這些沖動(dòng)付諸行動(dòng)。A說決定是有聯(lián)系性的，正確，因?yàn)槿藗儗?ldquo;快餐”與“速度”，“心急”聯(lián)系在了一起。B說決定是無意識(shí)的，與原文意思相反，錯(cuò)。C說決定是危險(xiǎn)的，原文未提及，排除。D說決定是不沖動(dòng)的，與原文意思相悖，故排除。
33.【答案】[C] think before we act
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。先看題干說“為了逆轉(zhuǎn)倉促?zèng)Q定所帶來的影響，我們可以做_____”， 根據(jù)題干定位到第四段。第四段通過兩個(gè)例子說明我們應(yīng)該怎樣克服負(fù)面影響，第一個(gè)例子表示“如果我們會(huì)對消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品或者房產(chǎn)選擇做出“過度反應(yīng)”，我們可以在購買之前先思考一會(huì)兒”，由此可說明我們應(yīng)該在行動(dòng)之前先思考來消除負(fù)面影響，因此選擇答案C。其他選項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)“相信我們的第一印象”;B項(xiàng)“按照人們通常所做的去做”;D項(xiàng)“征求專家意見”均不符合題意。
34.【答案】[D] adequate information
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“John Gottman認(rèn)為可靠的快速反映是基于_____的。”由題干John Gottman 定位到全文倒數(shù)第二段。其中第一句：John Gottman, the marriage expert,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly”thin slice”information reliably only after we gound such snap reactions in ”thick sliced”long-term study.婚姻專家約翰.古德曼解釋說，我們快速反應(yīng)的信息的可靠性是建立在這樣的快速反應(yīng)的行為是以長期的研究為基礎(chǔ)而做出的快速反應(yīng)行為。其中 gound是題干中base on 的同意置換，long-term study長期的研究與D選項(xiàng)adequate information相互呼應(yīng)。由此可判斷出[D] adequate information(足夠的信息)是本題正解。該段第二句話是When Dr,Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer eveluation,two days ,not two seconds.當(dāng)古德曼博士想去評(píng)估一對夫妻是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)在一起時(shí)，他會(huì)邀請他們到他的島上進(jìn)行一個(gè)更為長期的調(diào)查，是兩天而不是兩秒。第二句是對第一句的舉例說明，更加驗(yàn)證此選項(xiàng)。
35.【答案】[C] optimistic
【解析】態(tài)度題。根據(jù)35題題干 reversing the high-speed trend是全文的最后一句，所以解此題可先定位到全文的最后一段。最后一段最后兩句：Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.譯為：盡管技術(shù)可能改變我們反應(yīng)的方式，但是它并沒有改變我們的本性。我們?nèi)匀挥心芰θタ朔T惑并扭轉(zhuǎn)這種高速度的趨勢。由此我們可以看出作者的態(tài)度是非常確定的，因此B選項(xiàng)uncertain(不確定)首先排除;We still have the imaginative capacity…表面作者對于我們的能力是有信心的。因此[C] optimistic(樂觀的)是正解。A選項(xiàng)tolerant(容忍的) 、D選項(xiàng)doubtful(懷疑的)在原文中沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有的選項(xiàng)。
Text 4
36.【答案】B men have the final say
【解析】根據(jù)題干corporate workplace定位到第一段。首句就說歐洲性別不平等，in particular進(jìn)一步指出corporate workplace，說明工作中性別尤其不平等。緊接著說歐洲公司高管職位remain overwhelmingly male，說明以男性為主導(dǎo)。Indeed進(jìn)一步解釋，指出女性在歐洲公司董事會(huì)只占有14%的席位。所以，B選項(xiàng)是基于首段信息給出的推論。A項(xiàng) women take the lead和D項(xiàng)senior management is family-friendly都與原文相反;C選項(xiàng)是對文章overwhelm這個(gè)詞出的干擾項(xiàng)。
37.【答案】A a reflection of gender balance
【解析】根據(jù)題干，定位到第二段首句，intended legislation是對is now considering legislation的同義改寫。該句意思為“歐洲國家現(xiàn)在考慮立法來迫使公司董事讓婦女的比例達(dá)到60%”，因此立法是為了保持性別的平衡。B選項(xiàng)的 reluctant是對第5段的Reding’s reluctance出的干擾項(xiàng)，并不是說European union 的立法。C選項(xiàng)a response to Reding’s call不正確，Reding號(hào)召的是voluntary action， D也是干擾項(xiàng)，而真正的立法緣由是對gender balance的反思，所以A項(xiàng)正確，也是文章中心的反映。
38.【答案】A get top business positions
【解析】定位至第4段，Reding說自己不喜歡quotas，后面出現(xiàn)了but，他真正的觀點(diǎn)在but之后，他說他喜歡quotas所做的事情，即 get action，后面的冒號(hào)是對get action的解釋。核心的答案在a result seen in France and other coutries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions。a result是前面內(nèi)容的同位語，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明，所以選A。B項(xiàng)see through the glass ceiling是對原文break through the glass ceiling的望文生義，屬于膚淺選項(xiàng)，也和原文意思不符。C和D選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
39.【答案】D approval
【解析】本題問的是作者對Reding的呼吁的態(tài)度。Reding的appeal最早出現(xiàn)在第2段，即呼吁在董事會(huì)中有40%的女性，以實(shí)現(xiàn)性別均衡。而第四段再一次提到Reding 的觀點(diǎn)即“他自己也不喜歡quotas,但是quotas本身確實(shí)起到了作用”;接著作者在第五段給出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，先是說可以理解Reding，自己本身也不喜歡quotas，但是“既然現(xiàn)在meritocratic ideal(精英管理的理想)有障礙，確實(shí)需要一種強(qiáng)制的手段，即強(qiáng)制設(shè)定男女比例。”所以可以看出作者是持“贊成”的態(tài)度。
40.【答案】C suitable public policies
【解析】題干中的women entering top management become headlines是對第6段第二句話when women do break through to the summit of the corporate power的同義改寫，become headlines是對后面for example所舉的Sheryl Sandberg的事例的概括。答案出現(xiàn)在第7段開頭。第7段是提出一種解決措施，“If appropriate pubic choices were in place to help all women, ...Sandberg would be no more newsworthy...”，這個(gè)句子是if虛擬條件句，是對未來的一種美好展望，也是提出觀點(diǎn)的一種方式，意思是“如果有合理的公共政策來幫助所有的女性，Sandberg也就沒有報(bào)道價(jià)值了”。所以正確答案是C，因?yàn)槿鄙?ldquo;suitable public policies”。
Part B
41.【答案】F Planning is everything
【解析】段落首句談到“Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your work’s menu in advance...”，其表達(dá)的含義是：沖動(dòng)消費(fèi)不是一個(gè)好的選擇，所以提前計(jì)劃你一周的菜單，為你所需材料的具體數(shù)量做一個(gè)購物清單。首句中出現(xiàn)了因果邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞so，而下文又沒有出現(xiàn)明顯轉(zhuǎn)折，因此首句是本段的中心句。文章進(jìn)而提及作者為此專門做一個(gè)Excel表格，并且認(rèn)為這樣做不僅花錢少并且有助于均衡飲食。顯然文章的中心在于首句談到的“plan”，而中心不是選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的“balance your diet”，故答案為F。
42.【答案】E Stick to what you need
【解析】段落第二句話中的代詞“them”指代第一句中的“supermarkets and their anonymity”。該句通過這一指代順接第一句，表達(dá)了一個(gè)否定的含義，即你不需要在小販那里感到尷尬。緊接著第三句用肯定的語氣指出“if you plan properly, you’ll know that you only need... 350g of shin of beef... ”即如果你合理的規(guī)劃，你就會(huì)清楚知道你想要什么，比如你只需要350克牛肉。作者通過語義上層層遞進(jìn)的方式指出了這一段的中心：你需要什么就買什么，要對你所需要購買的東西的分量要堅(jiān)持。因此選項(xiàng)E為正確選項(xiàng)。
43.【答案】G Waste not, want not
【解析】本段內(nèi)容首先談到“你可能驕傲的說冰箱里只有冷凍的青豆，但是這還不夠”。這句話中雖然沒有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞，但在語義上屬于隱性轉(zhuǎn)折，因此段落的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在后面。第二句提到“Mine is filled with...”，其中Mine等于my freezer，通過指代順接上一句話。接著第三句前半句指出“提前做好計(jì)劃可以避免浪費(fèi)”，后半句具體陳述了怎樣避免浪費(fèi)。其中“eliminate wastage”與選項(xiàng)G中的“waste not”構(gòu)成同義替換。雖然該句中出現(xiàn)了planning, 但是本段的主要內(nèi)容是談到對于剩余的食物要盡可能充分利用，從而避免浪費(fèi)。所以選項(xiàng)G談到“不浪費(fèi)，不愁缺”為正確選項(xiàng)。
44.【答案】C Shopkeepers are your friends
【解析】該段首句的句內(nèi)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，重點(diǎn)在轉(zhuǎn)折之后。第一句but轉(zhuǎn)折之后提到“it really is a top tip”，即這真的是一個(gè)好的提議。那么首先要還原it所指代的內(nèi)容。句前沒有提供信息，句后第二句提到“shop at butchers,...regularly, ..and be super friendly”。其中“be friendly”通過詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和選項(xiàng)C中的“are your friends”夠成同義替換。同時(shí)，根據(jù)就近指代原則，這也是it所指代的內(nèi)容。最后一句通過具體的信息描述了購物時(shí)表現(xiàn)出友好的態(tài)度所帶來的好處：they will let you have for free(通常他們都會(huì)免費(fèi)給你)，因此選項(xiàng)C為正確選項(xiàng)。
45.【答案】D Remember to treat yourself
【解析】該段首句句內(nèi)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，重點(diǎn)在轉(zhuǎn)折之后。第一句but后提到“save your pennis and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch”，其表達(dá)的含義是要節(jié)省錢，但可以每幾個(gè)月款待自己一次。而該句也是本段落的中心句。段落余下的信息都是在用數(shù)據(jù)來解釋這個(gè)道理。選項(xiàng)D中出現(xiàn)了“treat yourself”，屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此選項(xiàng)D為正確選項(xiàng)。
Section III Translation
46. 翻譯
參考譯文
從過去的53年間任選一天，我能立刻回想起當(dāng)時(shí)我身在何方，當(dāng)天新聞中發(fā)生何事，甚至那天是周幾。自從四歲，我就具備這種能力。
我從不會(huì)因大腦吸信息量過大而感到難以承受。我的大腦似乎可以處理它們，并將其有序地存儲(chǔ)于腦中。每當(dāng)憶及憂傷往事，和其他人一樣，我會(huì)盡量將其擱置一旁。我不認(rèn)為因?yàn)槲业挠洃浉鼮榍逦约壕捅绕渌烁y做到此事。好記性并沒有讓我的情感體驗(yàn)更鮮活生動(dòng)。祖父去世那天的情景和之前那天我去醫(yī)院看望他時(shí)的傷心欲絕都?xì)v歷在目。我也還記得當(dāng)天在音樂劇《毛發(fā)》百老匯開場演出。這兩件事都以同樣的方式躍入我的腦海。
【解析】
1.I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week.
【詞匯】instantly:立即、馬上;
【分析】句子主干為I can pick a date…and know…;賓語部分為where…,what…and even…。句子中并列結(jié)構(gòu)突出。
【譯文】從過去的53年間任選一天，我能立刻回想起當(dāng)時(shí)我身在何方，當(dāng)天新聞中發(fā)生何事，甚至那天是周幾。
2.I’ve been able to do this, since I was four.
【分析】句子主干為I’ve been able to do this, since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句
【譯文】自從四歲，我就具備這種能力。
3. I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.
【詞匯】overwhelmed:壓垮，壓倒，淹沒; absorb:吸收
【分析】句子主干為I never feel overwhelmed with…,省略關(guān)系詞的定語從句my brain absorbs作后置定語修飾information
【譯文】我從不會(huì)因大腦吸信息量過大而感到難以承受。
3.My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.
【詞匯】cope:處理; store:存儲(chǔ); neatly:整齊的，整潔的
【分析】句子主干為My mind seems to be…and the information is…
【譯文】我的大腦似乎可以處理它們，并將其有序地存儲(chǔ)于腦中。
4.When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does---try to put it to one side.
【詞匯】think of:考慮，想起;
【分析】句子主干為I do what…what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，破折號(hào)后try to put it to one side對其進(jìn)行解釋說明;when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
【譯文】每當(dāng)憶及憂傷往事，和其他人一樣，我會(huì)盡量將其擱置一旁。
5.I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.
【詞匯】clear:清晰的
【分析】句子主干為I don’t think its harder for me, because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。It指代上句話內(nèi)容。
【譯文】我不認(rèn)為因?yàn)槲业挠洃浉鼮榍逦�，自己就比其他人更難做到此事。
6.Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid.
【詞匯】powerful:強(qiáng)大的，權(quán)力大的; emotion:情感，情緒; acute:敏銳的，敏感的; vivid:生動(dòng)的，形象的
【分析】句子主干為Powerful memory doesn’t make…
【譯文】好記性并沒有讓我的情感體驗(yàn)更鮮活生動(dòng)
7.I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before.
【詞匯】recall:回憶起，回想起
【分析】句子主干為I can recall the day…and the sadness…省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句my grandfather died作后置定語修飾the day;同樣省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句I felt修飾sadness(定語從句關(guān)系詞做賓語時(shí)可以省略);when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句對the sadness I felt進(jìn)行修飾。
【譯文】祖父去世那天的情景和之前那天我去醫(yī)院看望他時(shí)的傷心欲絕都?xì)v歷在目
8. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day---they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
【詞匯】musical play:音樂劇; Hair:《毛發(fā)》(1968年上演，是對美國百老匯音樂劇的顛覆，獲得托尼獎(jiǎng)); Broadway:百老匯; pop:突然出現(xiàn)
【分析】句子主干I also remember that…,that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句主干為the musical play Hair opened…;破折號(hào)后they指代前兩句話的內(nèi)容，表示同一天發(fā)生的兩件截然不同的事件，突出前面提到的好記性并未使我的情感體驗(yàn)更鮮活生動(dòng)。
【譯文】我也還記得當(dāng)天在音樂劇《毛發(fā)》百老匯開場演出。這兩件事都以同樣的方式躍入我的腦海。
Section IV Writing
47. 應(yīng)用文范文
Dear my beloved classmates,
On the evening of January 4th, 2013, we will hold a charity sale for children who need help at the school auditorium.
The kids come from remote areas where they can not be educated properly. Our assistance may change their destinies. Many pop stars, such as Jay and Jackie Chan, will attend the activity. The school master and most of the teachers of our school will also join us.
I trust you will be disengaged and able to give the poor children a hand. Thank you very much for your kindness.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
48. 大作文寫作
Emerging from the bar-chart above is a popular phenomenon that the proportion of the students having par-time jobs has changed during the four years’ study. The proportion increases slightly from the first year to the third year, however, the fourth year has witnessed a fast increase, surging to 88.24%.
As they are about to enter into the society, more people think that concurrent post after school benefits greater than disadvantage, cast aside making money to no comment. The bar-chart above serves to remind us that qualifications are something essential if you want to find a good job after you leave school, but on the other hand, college students can get some working experience which is as valuable as their academic achievement.
Anyway, in my point of view, it is difficult to judge whether taking part time jobs is good or bad. It depends on how you deal with the relationship between working and learning. If you can balance it well, you are sure to get enough knowledge as well as experience, so as to get ready for your future success.
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