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2015年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬題及解析
TEXT TWO
The company that revolutionized the delivery of information now aims to do the same with electricity. Technology powerhouse Google today announced it would spend "tens of millions" of dollars next year in research and development and investments in an effort to drive down the cost of large-scale renewable energy to make it cheaper than coal. Not only will Google be hiring engineers and energy experts for its new initiative, known as RE
Coal supplies 40 percent of the world's electricity and more than half of U.S. power, and if current trends continue, it is expected to grab an ever increasing share because it is a plentiful and cheap fuel for big consumers like China and the United States. But coal is also the worst fuel in its production of the global warming gas carbon dioxide. Google cofounder Larry Page said the company's goal is to produce one gigawatt of renewable energy capacity that is cheaper than coal within "years, not decades." Google says that's enough electricity to power a city the size of San Francisco (about 330,000 households).
Google, located in Mountain View, Calif., said it was initially working with two other California companies. They are eSolar, of Pasadena, which is specializing in solar-thermal power, using large fields of mirrors to concentrate sunlight and generate steam to run utility-scale electric turbines, and Makani of Alameda, which is developing wind energy technology that takes advantage of the much stronger and more reliable currents available at high altitudes.
Google did not specify how much money it was putting into its projects with these companies but said they both had "promising scalable energy technologies." This portion of the initiative will be funded through the company's philanthropic arm, Google.org, which is not a traditional charity but can make equity investments in companies. Brin and Page have pledged 1 percent of Google's equity and profits toward efforts including climate change and global poverty.
The RE
The company also has a project to accelerate development and adoption of ultrahigh-efficiency plug-in hybrid cars. Google has been lobbying for inclusion of a nationwide renewable energy portfolio goal in the energy legislation currently under negotiation on Capitol Hill. And the company is working on an energy-efficient computing initiative with other Silicon Valley companies.
1.The word “fledgling” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____
[A] inexperienced.
[B] promising.
[C] new.
[D] initiative.
2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the coal?
[A] It is a kind of controversial fuel given its large quantity and its harm to the harm the environment.
[B] It is a plentiful and cheap fuel that will surely earn more market share.
[C] It will be totally replaced by the renewable energy in years because it produces the worst gas—a carbon dioxide.
[D] It is supported by enthusiastic countries like China and U.S.
3. Google.org is a _____
[A] conventional type of charity organization.
[B] equity investor in companies.
[C] a branch website of Google.com that focuses on charity activities.
[D] environmental organization that specializes in promoting green fuel.
4. Which one of the following is not TRUE of RE
[A] It will be realized through investments in solar and wind energy companies.
[B] It is a programme of environmental protection.
[C] It is one of the measures taken to neutralize carbon.
[D] It can come into true in a few years.
5. The best title of this passage is_____
[A] Google’s RE
[B]Google, the Energy Revolutionary.
[C] Google, the Environmental Protector.
[D] Google’s Renewable Energy Project.
文章剖析：
這篇文章是有關(guān)Google公司在能源方面計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的一場(chǎng)革命，要用低廉的可再生能源來(lái)替代煤炭。第一段引出這個(gè)話題，指出目前Google的做法;第二段講述煤炭資源的弊端和Google的目標(biāo);第三、四段講述Googel投資的兩家公司;第五、六段講述該公司在能源環(huán)保方面所作的努力。
詞匯注釋：
fledgling adj. 年輕的或無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 geothermal adj.地?zé)岬? 地溫的, 地?zé)?或地溫)產(chǎn)生的
gigawatt n. 十億瓦特 turbine n. 渦輪
scalable adj. 可升級(jí)的 philanthropic adj. 慈善的，樂(lè)善好施的
pledge v. 許諾，抵押 lobby v. 游說(shuō)
難句突破：
(1) Not only will Google be hiring engineers and energy experts for its new initiative, known as RE
[主體句式] Not only will Google be…but it also…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)并列句。前面的分句中，known as…過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)是前面new initiative的定語(yǔ);后面分句中，破折號(hào)后面的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)是前面companies的定語(yǔ)，在該定語(yǔ)中，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的those。
[句子譯文] 谷歌不僅會(huì)為自己新的項(xiàng)目——RE
(2) They are eSolar, of Pasadena, which is specializing in solar-thermal power, using large fields of mirrors to concentrate sunlight and generate steam to run utility-scale electric turbines, and Makani of Alameda, which is developing wind energy technology that takes advantage of the much stronger and more reliable currents available at high altitudes.
[主體結(jié)構(gòu)]They are eSolar and Makani.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，eSolar后面是用來(lái)修飾它的以which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，using large…是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾eSolar;Makani后面是修飾它的以which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，該定語(yǔ)從句中，that引導(dǎo)的從句是用來(lái)修飾technology的。
[句子譯文] 這兩家公司是帕薩迪納的“e太陽(yáng)能公司”和阿拉米達(dá)的Makani公司。“e太陽(yáng)能公司”專業(yè)制造太陽(yáng)能熱能，用大片的鏡子聚集太陽(yáng)光生成蒸汽來(lái)推動(dòng)多用途電力渦輪,而Makani公司是利用高地強(qiáng)力、可靠的氣流來(lái)發(fā)展風(fēng)力能源技術(shù)。
題目分析：
1.The word “fledgling” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____1. “fledgling”(第一段第七行)這個(gè)詞最有可能的意思為_____
[A] inexperienced.[A] 沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的。
[B] promising.[B] 有前途的。
[C] new.[C] 新的。
[D] initiative.[D] 初步的，開始的。
[答案]C
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆
[分析] 猜詞題。根據(jù)上下文，這種公司包括太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)、增強(qiáng)的地?zé)�、高地風(fēng)力的公司，這是一種新興的公司，因此，最為合適的選項(xiàng)為C。
2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the coal?2. 關(guān)于煤炭，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的?
[A] It is a kind of controversial fuel given its large quantity and its harm to the harm the environment.[A] 它是一種有爭(zhēng)議的燃料，一方面儲(chǔ)量巨大，另一方面卻對(duì)環(huán)境有害。
[B] It is a plentiful and cheap fuel that will surely earn more market share.[B] 它是一種充足的、廉價(jià)的燃料，因此自然會(huì)贏得更多的市場(chǎng)份額。
[C] It will be totally replaced by the renewable energy in years because it produces the worst gas—carbon dioxide.[C]由于煤炭會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種最糟糕的氣體—二氧化碳，因此在近幾年內(nèi)它就會(huì)完全被可再生能源所替代。
[D] It is supported by enthusiastic countries like China and U.S.[D] 它得到了諸如美國(guó)和中國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家的熱情支持。
[答案]A。
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析] 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段，選項(xiàng)A，從第二段的前兩句話可以看出，煤炭由于其資源豐富且廉價(jià)、因此得到了廣泛的使用，但同時(shí)又對(duì)環(huán)境造成了傷害，可見煤炭是一種頗具爭(zhēng)議性的資源。。選項(xiàng)B，對(duì)于美國(guó)、中國(guó)是這種情況，但不一定對(duì)于其他國(guó)家也是。選項(xiàng)C，Google正在努力的目標(biāo)是可再生能源產(chǎn)量可以供應(yīng)舊金山城市規(guī)模大小的城市使用，但并不一定能完全取代煤炭，只能是逐步的，同時(shí)第二段里面有一句話，說(shuō)煤炭是產(chǎn)生二氧化碳最嚴(yán)重的燃料，而不是產(chǎn)生了最糟糕的二氧化碳，因此C選項(xiàng)也不正確。因此，答案為A。
3. Google.org is a _____3. Google.org是一個(gè)_____
[A] conventionally type of organization.[A] 傳統(tǒng)的慈善組織。
[B] equity investor in companies.[B] 投資公司股票的投資機(jī)構(gòu)。
[C] a branch website of Google.com that focuses on charity activities.[C] Google.com的分支網(wǎng)站，專門負(fù)責(zé)慈善活動(dòng)。
[D] environmental organization that specializes in promoting green fuel.[D] 致力于推動(dòng)綠色燃料的使用的環(huán)境組織
[答案]A
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 細(xì)節(jié)題。關(guān)鍵是要正確理解which is not a traditional charity but can make equity investments in companies這句話的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不僅…而且…”，說(shuō)Google.org不僅是一家傳統(tǒng)的慈善組織，而且也投資公司股票;后面指出Google投資改善氣候變化和全球貧困問(wèn)題，這都是慈善行為�？梢酝茢啵@主要是一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。C選項(xiàng)比較具有迷惑定，但是通過(guò)閱讀全文我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)Google.org看起來(lái)像是一個(gè)網(wǎng)站名，但是其實(shí)是一個(gè)組織。D選項(xiàng)把該組織定義為“環(huán)境組織”是錯(cuò)誤的。正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
4. Which one of the following is NOT true of RE
[A] It will be realized through investments in solar and wind energy companies.[A] 通過(guò)投資太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能公司可以實(shí)現(xiàn)該項(xiàng)目。
[B] It is a programme of environmental protection.[B] 這是環(huán)境保護(hù)項(xiàng)目。
[C] It is one of the measures taken to neutralize carbon.[C] 這是中化碳的一種方法。
[D] It can come into true in a few years.[D] 在近幾年內(nèi)該項(xiàng)目就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[答案] A
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 推理題。選項(xiàng)A，該項(xiàng)目和投資太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能公司是實(shí)現(xiàn)Google公司產(chǎn)出比煤炭更加低廉燃料的兩種途徑，并非有直接的手段聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)B在文章第五段提到了，是整治氣候變化的一步，那么可以算是環(huán)保項(xiàng)目;C，第五段有提及“The company says it is on track in its goal to be carbon neutral in 2007”;D，既然公司的目標(biāo)在幾年內(nèi)都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，那么其中的一個(gè)步驟或項(xiàng)目也有望實(shí)現(xiàn)。由此可見，答案為A選項(xiàng)。
5. The best title of this passage is_____5. 這篇文章最好的題目為_____
[A] Google’s RE
[B]Google, the Energy Revolutionary.[B] 谷歌，能源革命者。
[C] Google, the Environmental Protector.[C] 谷歌，環(huán)境保護(hù)者。
[D] Google’s Renewable Energy Project.[D] 谷歌可再生能源項(xiàng)目。
[答案] B
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆
[分析]主旨題。這篇文章主要講述了谷歌要開發(fā)出一種比煤炭?jī)r(jià)格低的可再生能源燃料，從而可以提供低價(jià)的能源，也可以保護(hù)環(huán)境。A，該項(xiàng)目只是其中一個(gè)舉措;B,主要就是談到能源創(chuàng)新，因此這個(gè)題目比較合適;C，主要還是關(guān)于能源，不只是關(guān)于環(huán)境;D，文章并未一一列舉項(xiàng)目，只是給出了一些情況。答案為B選項(xiàng)。
參考譯文：
曾經(jīng)為信息傳播帶來(lái)革命性變化的公司現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備對(duì)電力進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)革命�？萍即蠛喙雀枘壳靶妓髂陮⑼度氤蓛|的資金用于研發(fā)，以降低大型可再生能源成本，使其比煤炭?jī)r(jià)格更低。谷歌不僅會(huì)為自己新的項(xiàng)目——RE
世界上40%的電力和美國(guó)一半以上的能源都靠煤炭來(lái)供應(yīng)，如果目前一直維持這樣的趨勢(shì)，那么煤炭就有可能搶奪不斷增長(zhǎng)的份額，因?yàn)閷?duì)于中國(guó)和美國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)這是豐富、廉價(jià)的能源。但是煤炭也是排放導(dǎo)致全球變暖的二氧化碳排放的燃料。谷歌共同創(chuàng)始人Larry Page稱公司的目標(biāo)是比煤炭低廉可再生能源產(chǎn)量達(dá)到十億瓦特，這個(gè)目標(biāo)將在“數(shù)年內(nèi)達(dá)成，而不是數(shù)十年。”谷歌稱這足以供應(yīng)像舊金山這樣規(guī)模城市(大約33萬(wàn)戶)的能量需要。
谷歌位于加州的芒廷維尤，它聲稱最開始是與其他兩家加州公司合作的。這兩家公司是帕薩迪納的“e太陽(yáng)能公司”和阿拉米達(dá)的Makani公司。“e太陽(yáng)能公司”專業(yè)制造太陽(yáng)能熱能，用大片的鏡子聚集太陽(yáng)光生成蒸汽來(lái)推動(dòng)多用途電力渦輪,而Makani公司是利用高地強(qiáng)力、可靠的氣流來(lái)發(fā)展風(fēng)力能源技術(shù)。
谷歌并未指明它將向這些公司的項(xiàng)目投資多少資金，但是卻指出它們都是“前景光明的可升級(jí)的能源技術(shù)”。創(chuàng)新的部分通過(guò)公司慈善機(jī)構(gòu)(Google.org)資助，該機(jī)構(gòu)不僅是傳統(tǒng)的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，而且也向一些公司做股票投資。Brin和Page已經(jīng)抵押了谷歌1%的股票和收益來(lái)資助改善氣候變化和全球貧窮等活動(dòng)。
RE
該公司還有一個(gè)項(xiàng)目是為了促進(jìn)發(fā)展和使用超高效電力混合汽車。谷歌一直在游說(shuō)，希望全國(guó)再生能源組合目標(biāo)可以被列入目前國(guó)會(huì)山正在協(xié)商的能源法中。該公司還和其他其他硅谷公司一起致力于開發(fā)能源計(jì)算項(xiàng)目。
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