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2015年考研英語閱讀理解精讀練習題
TEXT ONE
Once upon a time—when the U.S. dollar was king—American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable scones and croissants between classes. How times have changed.As the dollar dips to all-time lows, college students are feeling the pinch. Especially in the United Kingdom and countries that use the euro—which currently is at 68 cents to the dollar—the cost of living has skyrocketed. "Years ago we could say studying abroad was the same price as staying on campus," says Daeya Malboeuf, an associate director at Syracuse University. "There's no way we can say that anymore."
Yet this unfavorable economic environment hasn't stopped students from scrambling overseas. According to the Institute of International Education, study-abroad programs have grown 144 percent in the past decade and continue to increase around 8 percent each year. Considering the rising costs, "it's surprising how little the students haven't been deterred," says Natalie Bartush, who handles the study-abroad program at the University of Texas.
Where the real change appears to be happening as a result of rising prices is in the length and location of students' foreign study choices. The number of participants in short-term summer programs has swelled, as has the interest in courses at more exotic locales. For Middlebury College students, for example, a year in Florence costs around $37,000; at Santiago, Chile, it's $27,000. Such price differences have contributed to modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in western Europe and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meet rising demand.
Program directors are quick to point out that the shift is not just about money. "You can't understand the United States today without understanding what's going on outside our borders, and that's not just Europe anymore," says Rebecca Hovey, dean of the study-abroad program at the School for International Training. Interest in nontraditional locales spiked even before the dollar began dropping, and foreign countries are marketing themselves to American students. A surge of support from education nonprofits and the State Department also has fueled the trend.
Study-abroad costs also vary wildly based on the way colleges structure their programs. Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters. The dollar's slide also means that trying to set student fees in advance is a tiresome guessing game for college officials. Most of these educators' energy, however, is spent scrounging up extra financial aid for needy travelers. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar. Airfare, which can exceed $1,000 round trip, is not generally included in school fees, and whirlwind trips across continents are rarely cheap.
The emphasis on student financial responsibility is especially evident at private schools like Syracuse, which charges the same pricey tuition abroad as at home. Even at more affordable public universities and private colleges like Middlebury—which charges U.S. students the often cheaper tuition of the international host schools—counselors are quick to peddle the virtue of thrift, a lesson no longer lost between those on safety and culture shock.
1. The fact that American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable sconesa and croissants implies that_____
[A] studying abroad cost almost the same as staying in U.S. for higher education.
[B] American students were encouraged to study overseas to enrich their experience.
[C] the cost of living at abroad was moderate for American students.
[D] the U.S. dollar was the strongest currency in the world.
2. The changes of study-abroad caused by the dollar’s depreciation are the following ones except_____
[A] students’ enthusiasm of studying abroad in short period does not disappear but vice versa.
[B] students become hesitant when considering long-term overseas programs.
[C] programmes in western Europe and Australia suffer declining popularity.
[D] students who chose to study at certain continents are at a rapid growth.
3. Rebecca Hover’s statement implies that_____
[A] the United States are now more readily influenced by the other countries than before.
[B] shift in the mainland may also be caused by factors outside of America.
[C] Europe can no longer influnece the United States as before.
[D] the United States are extending its influence beyond its boraders.
4. Who are probably most affected by the dollar’s dip?
[A] The international exchange students.
[B] The students who have got scholarships.
[C] The students at costly private schools.
[D] The students at public universities.
5. The best title for this passage is_____
[A] Impact of the Dollar’s Devaluation.
[B] American Students at Abroad.
[C] Study-abroad Costs for American Students.
[D] Shift of American Students’ Foreign Study.
文章剖析：
這篇文章主要講述美元貶值后對于美國學生留學的影響。第一段講述美元波動引起的留學學生生活成本的增加;第二段講述即便如此，海外留學數(shù)量有增無減;第三段講述生活成本增加后引起的留學變化;第四段講述留學的變化也有其他因素的影響;第五段、第六段講述因?qū)W校不同，受美元貶值影響也不同。
詞匯注釋：
blithely adv. 愉快地、高興地 nibble v. 小口快吃
scone n. 烤餅 croissant n. 羊角面包
skyrocket v. 暴漲 spike v. 增強...的效果, 使增添生氣
scrounge v. 搜尋, 搜集
難句突破：
(1) Such price differences have contributed to modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in western Europe and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meet rising demand.
[主體句式] Such price differences have contributed to…whereas schools are expanding…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個并列句。前面分句中，at traditionally popular programs in …是狀語。
[句子譯文] 價格的懸殊使得在西歐和澳大利亞較受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)項目增長平平，而智利、阿根廷、南非和中國(尤其是香港)的學校卻因需求急劇增加，也飛速擴大。
(2) Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters.
[主體句式] Schools are less affected…, but American schools often end up…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個并列句。前面分句中，schools后面是以that引導(dǎo)的定語從句;后面分句中，schools后面也有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句;as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句是后面分句的狀語。
[句子譯文] 而那些與外國大學進行學生交換的學校因美元貶值受到的影響也較小。但是自己運營學生中心的美國學校卻因為美元的波動，要在房租、設(shè)備、人員工資方面支付更多費用。而美元的貶值也意味著提前設(shè)定學費對于大學行政人員來說是個麻煩的估算工作。
題目分析：
1. The fact that American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable scones and croissants implies that_____1. 美國學生高興地大堆跑到其他國家，在課間品嘗著價格合適的烤餅和羊角面包，這個事實暗示者_____
[A] studying abroad cost almost the same as staying in the U.S. for higher education.[A] 在國外接受高等教育和在美國國內(nèi)所需費用幾乎差不多。
[B] American students were encouraged to study overseas to enrich their experience.[B]美國學生受到鼓勵去過國外學習，以使得他們的經(jīng)歷更加豐富。
[C] the cost of living at abroad was moderate for American students.[C] 國外的生活成本對于美國學生來說是比較低廉的。
[D] the U.S. dollar was the strongest currency in the world. [D] 美元是世界上最堅挺的貨幣。
[答案]C
[難度系數(shù)] ☆
[分析]推理題。根據(jù)第一段，題干中的情況是美元堅挺時候的情況。而現(xiàn)在美元貶值了，學生就感受到了生活成本提高了的壓力。因此，那時的情況和目前的是個對比，而用吃烤餅和羊角面包很便宜的事例反映了當時整體的情況，暗示當時的生活成本比較低。A選項描述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，而不是題干中描述的過去的時代。此外，B和D選項與本題無關(guān)，而且D選項本身的表述就是錯誤的。因此正確答案為C選項。
2. The changes of study-abroad caused by the dollar’s depreciation are the following ones except_____2. 因為美元貶值而引起的在國外留學方面的變化是以下除了_____外的其余原因。
[A] students’ enthusiasm of studying abroad in short period does not disappear but vice versa.[A] 學生們?nèi)舛唐趯W習的熱情不僅沒有消失，反而更加上漲
[B] students become hesitant when considering long-term overseas programs.[B] 學生們在考慮長期的海外留學項目時開始變得猶豫不決
[C] programmes in western Europe and Australia suffer declining popularity.[C] 西歐和澳大利亞的項目沒有以前那么受歡迎了
[D] students who chose to study at certain continents are at a rapid growth.[D] 選擇在某些大洲學習的學生迅速增加
[答案]B
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析]細節(jié)題。文章第三段提到，生活成本的增加(也就是美元的貶值)引起的真正的變化是在國外留學的時間和留學地方選擇的變化，時間趨于短期，國家趨于那些和自己文化相差很大的國家，而歐洲和澳大利亞的留學項目沒有明顯增長�？梢姡珹、C、D都是由美元貶值引起的變化。B在文章第二段提到，但這說的是雖然美元貶值了，但在這個方面沒有引起變化，因此正確答案為B選項。
3. Rebecca Hover’s statement implies that_____3. Rebecca Hover的話暗示者_____
[A] the United States are now more readily influenced by the other countries than before.[A]美國現(xiàn)在比從前更容易受到其他國家的影響。
[B] shift in the mainland may also be caused by factors outside of America.[B]美國本土的變化可能就是由美國之外的因素引起的。
[C] Europe can no longer influnece the United States as before.[C] 歐洲不再像從前那樣影響美國了。
[D] the United States are extending its influence beyond its boraders.[D]美國將自己的影響延伸到了自己的國境之外。
[答案] B
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]推理題。RebeccaHover說的話是：“現(xiàn)在如果你不知道我們美國之外的地方的情況，就不能說你了解美國。美國之外的地方現(xiàn)在也不僅僅指歐洲了。” 根據(jù)第四段上下文的意思，本段主要講述發(fā)生的變化不僅僅是因為美元貶值的原因，另外的原因就是其他國家也發(fā)生了一定的變化。結(jié)合這個意思，可以推導(dǎo)出，這個陳述主要就是為了說明其他國家的變化也會引起美國發(fā)生變化，選項中B最為符合題意。
4. Who are probably most affected by the dollar’s dip?4. 誰受美元貶值的影響最大?
[A] The international exchange students.[A] 國際交換學生。
[B] The students who have got scholarships.[B] 已經(jīng)獲得獎學金的學生。
[C] The students at costly private schools.[C] 在昂貴的私立學校學習的學生。
[D] The students at public universities.[D] 在公立學校學習的學生。
[答案]C
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆
[分析]推理題。第五段提到，那些與外國學院交換學生的學校受美元貶值影響不大，但對自己運作學生中心的美國學校影響大，第六段提到在向錫拉庫扎這樣的私立學校，特別強調(diào)學生自己負擔費用;而公立學校和普通私立學校也倡導(dǎo)節(jié)約。由此對比可見，昂貴的私立學校學生受的影響可能最大。因此，答案為C選項。
5. The best title for this passage is_____5. 這篇文章最好的題目為_____
[A] Impact of the Dollar’s Devaluation.[A] 美元貶值的影響。
[B] American Students at Abroad.[B] 美國學生在國外。
[C] Study-abroad Costs for American Students.[C] 美國學生國外花費。
[D] Shift of American Students’ Foreign Study.[D] 美國學生留學的變化。
[答案]D
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析]主旨題。這篇文章主要講述了美元貶值后，美國學生海外留學的一些變化及其原因。選項中D最為符合這一主題，為正確答案。
參考譯文：
當美元還是老大的時候，美國學生都高高興興地成群跑到海外上學，課間可以品嘗價格合適的烤餅和羊角面包。可是時代變化的真快啊。美元突然跌到空前的低點，學生們都感到了壓力。特別是在英國和使用歐元的國家里(目前歐元對美元的匯率為68歐分兌1美元)，生活的成本陡然增加。“幾年前，我們可以說在國外學習和在國內(nèi)大學學習花費差不多，”錫拉庫扎大學的副院長Daeya Malboeuf這樣說，“但我們現(xiàn)在可不能這么說了。”
但即使在這么不好的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境下，學生們還是爭先恐后到海外去。國際教育學院認為，在過去十年內(nèi)，海外學習項目增長了144%，而且還以每年4%的速度在繼續(xù)增長�？紤]到上升的成本問題，德克薩斯大學海外教育項目負責人Natalie Bartush說，“奇怪的是有很少學生因此而不去上學的。”
因為價格升高真正出現(xiàn)的變化是學生對于國外學習的時間長短和學習地點的選擇。參加短期暑假學習項目的學生數(shù)量急劇增加，此外他們更有興趣到那些和自己文化相異頗大的地方學習。比如，Middlebury學院的學生在佛羅倫薩一年的消費要3萬7千美元;而在圣地亞哥和智利只要2萬7千美元。價格的懸殊使得在西歐和澳大利亞較受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)項目增長平平，而智利、阿根廷、南非和中國(尤其是香港)的學校卻因需求急劇增加，也飛速擴大。
項目主任指出這種變化不僅僅是因為費用。“現(xiàn)在如果你不知道美國之外其他地方的情況，就不能說你了解美國。美國之外的地方現(xiàn)在也不僅僅指歐洲了。” 國家教育學校海外教育項目主任Rebecca Hovey說道。在美元貶值前學生們對非傳統(tǒng)地區(qū)的興趣就已經(jīng)開始增加了，而外國學校也在向美國學生宣傳自己。而教育非盈利和美國國務(wù)院增加的扶持也推動了這種趨勢。
海外教育費用也因?qū)W校組織項目方式的不同方式而有很大差異。而那些與外國大學進行學生交換的學校因美元貶值受到的影響也較小。但是自己運營學生中心的美國學校卻因為美元的波動，要在房租、設(shè)備、人員工資方面支付更多費用。而美元的貶值也意味著提前設(shè)定學費對于大學行政人員來說是個麻煩的估算工作。但是，大多數(shù)教育者的精力卻花費在給那些貧困的旅客尋找額外的經(jīng)濟援助上面。已經(jīng)獲得援助的學生可以支付在國外學習的學費，但是其它的必需花費，如租房、伙食費就會受到美元波動的影響。超過1000美元的往返機票也一般不包括在學校費用中，而跨洲航班很少有便宜的。
在像錫拉庫扎這樣的私立學校，學生需要自己負擔經(jīng)濟費用的現(xiàn)象更是突出，這些私立學校對國內(nèi)國外學生都收取同樣昂貴的學費。公立大學或是像Middlebury這樣的私立學院一般向美國學生收取的學費要比國際寄宿學校收取得少，相對比較便宜，但現(xiàn)在法律顧問也在提倡節(jié)約，這是安全與文化沖擊之間不再會失去的一個教訓。
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