考研英語(yǔ)完型填空考前沖刺題
【考研英語(yǔ)完型填空考前沖刺題1】
Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.
Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.
Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.
1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue
2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering
3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive
4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial
5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding
6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset
7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising
8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for
9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant
10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It
11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay
12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus
13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity
14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply
15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic
16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding
17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies
18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at
19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate
20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
總體分析
本文主要討論了老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老體系帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家?guī)?lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對(duì)解決該問(wèn)題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，即越來(lái)越多的人早退休而壽命延長(zhǎng)，隨著出生率的降低，就會(huì)有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來(lái)為他們養(yǎng)老，養(yǎng)老金在國(guó)家財(cái)政中所占的比例增加，成為無(wú)法承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。第三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說(shuō)服人們晚退休。
全文翻譯
老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家，尤其是在如何支付未來(lái)的公共養(yǎng)老金負(fù)債方面，帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)。早退休給退休金的融資帶來(lái)了難以承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。沒(méi)有什么簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案，但推遲退休(年齡)可能有所幫助。
早退休可能看起來(lái)是個(gè)值得追求的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，但對(duì)于社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)卻是昂貴的，它使當(dāng)前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久�；驹蚴歉嗟娜送诵菰缍鴫勖鼌s更長(zhǎng)。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴在職者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔(dān)憂的。未來(lái)50年，經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家的低出生率和預(yù)期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。占經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的.比例預(yù)期將平均增加超過(guò)三個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，而在有些國(guó)家甚至?xí)黾影藗�(gè)百分點(diǎn)。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預(yù)期或認(rèn)為應(yīng)該得到的養(yǎng)老金的危險(xiǎn)。
【考研英語(yǔ)完型填空考前沖刺題2】
Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.
About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them.
After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.
We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive.
1. A. setB. gotC. madeD. took
2. A evenB. thoughC. soD. if
3. A. when B. whereC. asD. so that
4. A. fallenB. flownC. splitD. blown
5. A. viewB. visionC. lookD. glimpse
6. A. came upB. came outC. came overD. came on
7. A. viewedB. noticedC. notifiedD. glanced
8. A. afterB. beforeC. unlessD. until
9. A. motionlesslyB. constantlyC. steadilyD. continually
10. A. In spite ofB. In relation toC. In case ofD. In the event of
11. A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything
12. A. laid outB. made outC. drawn outD. marked out
13. A. withoutB. inC. beyondD. out of date
14. A. wrenchB. wedgeC. padD. pinch
15. A. cut downB. cut away C. cut outD. cut off
16. A. positionB. situationC. occupationD. orientation
17. A. died outB. died offC. died backD. died down
18. A. Instead ofB. FurthermoreC. IndeedD. At last
19. A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better
20. A. climbedB. crashedC. creptD. crawled
參考答案及解析：
1. 【答案】C. made
【解析】本題測(cè)試慣用搭配. make towards(=make for, go forwards, move in the direction of …) 朝….走去。
2. 【答案】B. though
【解析】本題測(cè)試邏輯搭配.though 表示讓步意義，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同，從句謂語(yǔ)又包含be,所以從句中的主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如：1) The girl, though plain, had a good kind face. 2) I went on talking , though continually interrupted by John.
3. 【答案】C. as
【解析】本題測(cè)試邏輯搭配.從上下文意思看，本句中從句與主句的聯(lián)系是因果關(guān)系，故選 as,表示原因，其他詞均不切題。
4. 【答案】D. blown
【解析】本題測(cè)試詞義搭配.fallen 和flown均為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。blow vt.吹，正合題意。
本句譯文：這里我們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么雪，因?yàn)榇蟛糠盅┧坪跻褟纳缴瞎巫吡恕?/p>
5. 【答案】A. view
【解析】本題測(cè)試詞義搭配. 此處view 意為“看見(jiàn)的東西，景色”，例如：Your house has a fine view of the hills. (從你的房子能看到這些小山的美麗景色。)本句譯文：看不到遠(yuǎn)處的山，因?yàn)槲覀兯闹艿脑茖诱谛纬伞?/p>
6. 【答案】A. came up
【解析】本題測(cè)試詞義型慣用搭配.come up (=happen)發(fā)生，形成：A snowstorm is coming up. (一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪正在醞釀之中。)本句中有suddenly, 故用came up 比came on 更妥。
7. 【答案】B. noticed
【解析】本題測(cè)試詞義搭配. notify vt.(=inform sb. of sth. ; report sth. to sb.) 通知，報(bào)告。glance(at) (=take a quick look at) 看一眼(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過(guò)程)。因此，notify和glance均不符合題意。notice vt. ( =become aware of; observe)注意到;留心;看到(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的結(jié)果);view vt.(=look at or watch carefully)仔細(xì)察看，注視(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過(guò)程)。可見(jiàn)，此句中應(yīng)選，noticed.
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