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2017年考研英語(一)完整真題及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.
In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility(敏感性) to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___.
"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."
Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin(后葉催產(chǎn)素), often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.
1.
[A]Besides
[B]Unlike
[C]Throughout
[D]Despite
介詞辨析。從前后文意思來看，此處為遞進關系，前后都表示擁抱的益處，Besides符合題意。因此答案為A項。
2.
[A]equal
[B]restricted
[C]connected
[D]inferior
考查詞匯意思和并列關系。此處的詞匯應該與close意思相近。擁抱使人與人親近，當然也讓人聯(lián)系緊密。Connected有聯(lián)系的，符合題意。因此答案為C項。
3.
[A]view
[B]host
[C]lesson
[D]choice
固定搭配。a host of 意為許多。擁抱能帶來很多健康好處。符合題意。因此答案為B選項。
4.
[A]avoid
[B]forget
[C]recall
[D]keep
根據(jù)句子意思，擁抱能讓人避免冬天生病。其他幾個詞匯均不符合題意。因此答案為A選項。
5.
[A]collecting
[B]affecting
[C]guiding
[D]involving
動詞辨析。該句的意思是這項研究包含了400名健康的成年人。D選項involve具有包含的意思。collect意為收集，affect意為影響,guide意為指導，均不符合題意。因此答案為D選項。
6.
[A]on
[B]in
[C]at
[D]of
固定搭配。去掉修飾成分，可以看到句子主干為researchers examined the effects of hugs__the participants' susceptibility.對參與者敏感性的影響。effect on sth.對…的影響。因此答案為A選項。
7.
[A]devoted
[B]attracted
[C]lost
[D]exposed
動詞辨析。be exposed to 遭受;暴露于，be devoted to 致力于，be attracted to 被吸引，be lost to 不再屬于…;無動于衷。be exposed to 符合題意。因此答案為D選項。
8.
[A]along
[B]across
[C]down
[D]out
固定搭配。Come down with 生病 come along with 隨同，一起 come across with 償付 come out with 發(fā)布，展出。只有come down with a cold感冒，符合題意。因此答案為C選項。
9.
[A]imagined
[B]denied
[C]doubted
[D]calculated
考查動詞。根據(jù)后文32%這一數(shù)據(jù)可以推測出此處的動詞意為計算calculate。imagine想象，deny否認，doubt懷疑都不符合原文意思。因此答案為D選項。
10.
[A]served
[B]restored
[C]explained
[D]required
結(jié)合第九題，此處計算到這種影響解釋說明了這個32%的比例，其他數(shù)據(jù)都不能起到解釋的意思。serve服務;resore恢復，儲存;require要求。因此答案為C選項。
11.
[A]Thus
[B]Still
[C]Rather
[D]Even
考查邏輯關系詞。后面的內(nèi)容是對前一句話程度的進一步加深，even甚至，即使。符合語義。因此答案為D選項。
12.
[A]defeats
[B]symptoms
[C]errors
[D]tests
考查詞義。即使是感冒的人，如果有強大的社會支持，經(jīng)常和別人擁抱，就很少有感冒的癥狀。symptom癥狀，征兆符合題意。因此答案為B選項。
13.
[A]highlighted
[B]increased
[C]controlled
[D]minimized
上下文語義及詞義辨析。擁抱能夠保護處于壓力之下的人們免受增加的感冒風險的威脅。因此答案為B選項。
14.
[A]presented
[B]equipped
[C]associated
[D]compared
考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上下文，原文中說“感冒是和壓力相聯(lián)系的”，be associated with.
“和...有關”be presented with 和…一起出席，be equipped with 裝備，be compared with比較。C選項associated with 符合題意。因此答案為C選項。
15.
[A]assess
[B]generate
[C]moderate
[D]record
考查動詞。擁抱能夠幫助人們產(chǎn)生一種感覺，此處應填generate。因此答案為B選項。
16.
[A]in the name of
[B] in the form of
[C] in the face of
[D] in the way of
固定搭配。根據(jù)句子意思，擁抱能讓人產(chǎn)生一種面對危險的時候，別人會來幫你的感覺。in the face of 面對，in the name of 以…的名義，in the way of 在…方面。In the face of 符合題意。因此答案為C。
17.
[A]attribute
[B]commit
[C]transfer
[D]return
固定搭配。句子主干為some experts ___ the benefits to … attribute to 歸因于,commit to 承諾，承擔責任，transfer to 轉(zhuǎn)到，return to回到。因此答案為A選項。
18.
[A]unless
[B]because
[C]though
[D]until
考查邏輯關系詞。根據(jù)上下文可以看出，后面的一句話是對前面的話進行的解釋，表示原因。所以選because.因此答案為B選項。
19.
[A]remains
[B]emerges
[C]vanishes
[D]decreases
考查動詞詞義。根據(jù)前后文意思，一部分后葉催產(chǎn)素已經(jīng)釋放到血液中，那么另一些保留在大腦中發(fā)揮作用。remain保存，保留，emerge出現(xiàn)，vanish消失，decrease減少。因此答案為A選項。
20.
[A]experiences
[B]combines
[C]justifies
[D]influences
考查上下文理解。后葉催產(chǎn)素影響著人們的心情、行為以及生理機能。因此答案為D選項。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
解析：A
本題屬于例證題，定位在第二段根據(jù)例證題的解題技巧。答案應該在例子的前面找，也就是本段的段首句：Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. 美國人愿意忍受耗費時間的安全檢查協(xié)議，為了換來更高的安全性。正好符合A選項解釋了美國人能夠忍受長時間的安全檢查。
22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travellers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
解析：C
本題屬于細節(jié)題，定位在第三段。Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports…, 安檢措施的加強，航空旅游人員的增加，…導致了在主要機場的長時間等待。其他三項均不符合原文意思。
23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to____
[A] quieter.
[B] cheaper.
[C] wider.
[D] faster.
解析：D
本題屬于猜詞題，定位在第五段，expedited這個詞所在的這句話，Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. 通過背景核查的乘客有資格使用…拍攝通道;前文說Enroll more people in the PreCheck program，讓更多的人注冊預先檢查程序，預先就是更快的，所以應該是faster。
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is____
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.
解析：D
本題屬于細節(jié)題，定位在第六段。this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.價格問題是precheck的知名弱點，也就是題干中的問題，所以答案是an unreasonable price for enrollment，注冊所需價格的不合理。
25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
解析：C
本題屬于主旨題，縱觀全文，選擇最佳答案。A. Less Screening for More Safety更少的檢查，更多的安全. 與原文意思相反，原文說檢查更多為了更多的安全;B. PreCheck – a Belated Solution. 預先檢查-遲來的解決方案，文章是說道PreCheck，但它病沒有從根本上解決旅客滯留的問題，所以也不對;D. 只是文章的一部分;只有C選項Getting Stuck in Security Lines，全文都是在圍繞安檢導致旅客滯留，解決方案PreCheck，但It is long past time to make the program work.并未根本解決問題。所以C更能概括全文。
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates____
[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
解析：B
本題屬于推斷題，定位在第一段。The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, 古代的夏威夷人都是天文學家，Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society，星象觀察者在古代備受尊重，所以最佳答案應該是the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.在古代夏威夷天文學是非常重要的。
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to____
[A] its geographical features.
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
解析：A
本題屬于細節(jié)題，定位在第二段。Mauna Kea's peak rises above…, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. 在Mauna Kea的環(huán)境或條件，望遠鏡能看到非常清晰的太空的情況，所以是由于地理位置才被選為理想的天文觀測地。
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because____
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
解析：B
本題屬于細節(jié)題，定位在第三段。A small but local group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，一小部分本地人反對是認為Mauna Kea是神圣不可侵犯，并且提醒他們曾經(jīng)痛苦的一段歷史，所以與答案B符合，it reminds them of a humiliating history。
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy____
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.
解析：C
本題屬于推斷題，定位在第五段。Calls to… Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.通過這部分的論述表明天文學和夏威夷文化尋求回答我們是誰，從哪來，到哪去的這些問題，所以題干問天文學的進步可能會怎樣，只有C符合原文含義，揭露夏威夷文化的起源，其他三項中的文章并未提及。
30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of____
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
解析：B
本題屬于觀點態(tài)度題，主要定位在最后一段。作者說There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.歡迎每個人來Mauna Kea來擁抱文化遺產(chǎn)，研究星象。說明是比較支持的態(tài)度，但有不是完全支持，作者贊同天文學領域人士做出讓步，保護當?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境，所以D是錯誤的。
Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so so well, then why did over 17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.
So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.
31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_____
[A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness.
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.
[D]had a low opinion of GDP.
解析：D.第一段肯尼迪認為GDP能衡量一切，但不能衡量什么讓生活更有意義�？梢钥闯鏊麑DP的看法并不是很高很積極，D選項 a low opinion符合題意。因此選D。
32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that____
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.
[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.
[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.
解析：C。從第二段可以看出盡管英國GDP增長迅速，失業(yè)率低，但群眾依舊選擇脫歐，說明人們并不認同GDP就是衡量成功的標準。因此選C。
33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?
[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.
[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.
[C]Its criteria are questionable.
[D]Its results are enlightening.
解析：D。該項研究以163個國家作為研究對象，發(fā)現(xiàn)英國并不能確保將GDP增長轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿嗣袢罕娚畹奶岣�。除GDP以外，醫(yī)療、教育等因素也是衡量一個國家的標準。這樣的研究結(jié)果顯然是很有啟發(fā)性的。因此選D。
34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that____
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.
解析：C。從最后兩段可以看出GDP作為衡量一個國家經(jīng)濟的標準是遠遠不夠的，還應該包括環(huán)境問題、教育問題。決策者不僅要看GDP數(shù)字，更要考慮到人民幸福問題，這樣才能避免經(jīng)濟低迷實現(xiàn)發(fā)展。C選項意為還要考慮到GDP以外的因素，符合題意。因此選C。
35. Which of the following is the best??for the text?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson
[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being
解析：A。結(jié)合內(nèi)容，可以看到全文以英國為例，講述英國GDP指數(shù)高但人民依舊選擇脫歐說明GDP并不是衡量一個國家成功的唯一因素，而應該考慮到更多關于幸福的因素，例如環(huán)境、教育、社會等問題，A選項從英國脫歐學到一課：高GDP低幸福感最符合題意。因此選A。
Text 4
In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.
The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”
The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.
36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court____
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.
[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.
[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.
解析：題干在問，第一段劃線部分“But it did so while holding its...”最可能表明什么?此題為句意題。前一句說，最高法院推翻了對前官員的腐敗方面的定罪，劃線部分后面說，該官員收受了各種賄賂，前后用But連接，是反義的關系，所以C答案正確。
37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves____
[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
[C] leaking secrets intentionally.
[D] breaking contracts officially.
解析：第四段第一句The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.”……But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits.可以看出，如果接受了送禮和好處，并且有明確的證據(jù)就能說明這種行為是腐敗的，A選項符合題意。因此選A。
38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are__
[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.
解析：第五段最后一句assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns意為政府官員要傾聽選民的意愿，以他們所關心的問題為工作重點，C選項要關注選民的需求符合題意。因此選擇C選項。
39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to___
[A] awaken the conscience of officials.
[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
[D] inspire hopes in average people.
解析：第六段前面提到to ensure equality of access to government. 后面提到This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency，也就是說進入政府系統(tǒng)的公平公正性需要法律的保障。因此選擇B項。
40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is____
[A] sarcastic.
[B] tolerant.
[C] skeptical.
[D] supportive.
解析：文章最后一句The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法律法規(guī)有利用對抗政治腐敗，可以看出作者的態(tài)度是支持的。因此選D項。
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.
[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.
[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.
[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.
[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.
D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.
參考答案：D-F-E-A-C-B-G
41. D是已知的第一段，介紹狄更斯生平歷史，是總的概括。接下來是具體背景介紹更為合理，所以F段介紹的是狄更斯的出生及家庭情況，所以為正確答案。
42. F的末段說了The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and…狄更斯父親入獄，很容易找到E選項，Soon after his father's release from prison，所以42的答案為E。
43. E段末尾提到狄更斯向一些不著名的雜志提交了他的作品，后面應該來介紹他的作品，A段開頭說The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought…，介紹他的第一部作品，所以應該選A。
44. 44后面是已經(jīng)給出的段落B，開頭說The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers，他的作品The Pickwick Papers大獲成功，在剩下的各段中，只有C段落提到此書的出版，The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, … and was first published in book form in 1837.
45. G段開頭After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world，提到了在Pickwick之后狄更斯的境況，承接上面的B段，所以為正確答案。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.
(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol
(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.
(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.
The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.
46、But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
參考翻譯：盡管英語的使用者人數(shù)進一步增多，但有跡象表明：在不久的將來，英語語言的全球主導地位會逐漸消失。
(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
參考翻譯：有些人認為英語的全球地位穩(wěn)固，英國的年青一代不需要其他的語言能力。而他的分析正好終結(jié)了這些人的驕傲自滿。
(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
參考翻譯：很多國家將英語引入小學課程，但英國并沒有大肆鼓勵其中小學生去熟練地掌握另一門語言。
(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.
參考翻譯：大衛(wèi)·葛拉爾多發(fā)現(xiàn)的變化給英國的對外英語機構(gòu)和廣闊的教育行業(yè)帶來了明顯的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。
(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.
參考翻譯：這給那些致力于推廣英語學習和使用的機構(gòu)提供了一個基礎，在此之上，可以制定計劃來面對可能出現(xiàn)的完全不同的運營環(huán)境。
Section? III? Writing
Part A
51.direction
You are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.
You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.
Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"instead
Do not write the address.(10 points)
參考例文：
Dear Professor,
With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend The Palace Museum as an ideal sight spot.
We know that The Palace Museum, located in the center of Beijing, is called the Forbidden City in ancient time. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the palace is used by over 20 emperors who were enthroned there. And the construction of the Forbidden City is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building complex in the world. Undoubtedly, it is one of the most traditional elements of China.
With its glory, pageantry and unique, therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend The Palace Museum as the first tourist attraction for the top-three scenic spots you must visit in China.
Faithfully yours,
Li Ming
Part B
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should
1) describe the pictures briefly.
2) interpret the meaning,and
3) give your comments.
?You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
參考例文：
Just as George Bernard Shaw puts it, “Activity is the only road to knowledge.” The idea is precisely and apparently specified in the above pictures presented in front of us. In the first drawing, one man curls up on the sofa and say: I own numerous books; by contrast, another one intends to read over 20 books in one year. Apparently, the implication of the pictures is: action, rather than imagination is the most essential way to know the world.
We can easily recognize the significance of execution in terms of achieving success in work or study. On the one hand, to be down-to-earth and steadfast in practical work is absolutely key to success. On the other hand, young aspiring people have all sorts of brilliant ideas, but ideas are worth nothing unless executed. Currently, however, looking for a job or pursuing other goals, many people, especially the youngsters tend to aim high, but not put their thoughts into action.
Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value the ability of practice and apply it in our studies and work. Only with consistent and unswerving action can we turn an idea into concrete result.
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