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2024年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語真題及答案
無論是身處學校還是步入社會，我們都不可避免地會接觸到試題，借助試題可以檢驗考試者是否已經(jīng)具備獲得某種資格的基本能力。你知道什么樣的試題才是規(guī)范的嗎？以下是小編幫大家整理的2024年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語真題及答案，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
全國碩士研究生入學考試英語真題及答案 1
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers
2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external
3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external
4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all
5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless
6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for
7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless
8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test
9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified
11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took
15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather
16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill.
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion.
[D] lack of imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste.
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the influence of advertisements.
[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation.
[B] enthusiasm.
[C] indifference.
[D] tolerance.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D] provide better online services
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers
[B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D] internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D] goes against human nature
29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciation
[D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species
[B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power
[D] a misplaced race
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past
[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science, Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants ‘information.
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C] supported the federal statute.
[D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states.
[B] is dependent on the states’ support.
[C] is established by federal statutes.
[D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.
Section IV Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
參考答案
Section I Use of English
1. A. grants
2. D. external
3. C. picture
4. A. For example
5. B. fearful
6. B. on
7. A. if
8. D. test
9. D. success
10. A. chosen
11. D. otherwise
12. C. conducted
13. B. rated
14. D. took
15. B. then
16. C. marked
17. A. before
18. C. drop
19. B. undo
20. C. necessary
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1 (In the 2006)
21. B. insensitivity to fashion
22. D. shop for their garment more frequently
23. A. accusation
24. D. pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing
25. C. criticism of the fast-fashion industry
Text 2 (An old saying)
26. B. lower their operational costs
27. D. internet browser developers
28. C. will not benefit consumers
29. A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose
30. D. skepticism
Text 3 (Now utopia)
31. B. our faith in science and technology
32. A. sustained species
33. D. our immediate future is hard to conceive
34. C. draw on our experience from the past
35. C. the ever-bright prospects of mankind
Text 4 (On a five to three)
36. C. overstepped the authority of federal immigration
37. C. states’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement
38. D. stood in favor of the states
39. A. outweighs that held by the states
40. D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
41. E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior...
42. F. Despite these factors...
43. B. However, the numbers are still small...
44. G. During the late 1990s...
45. C. The idea is to force social to integrate...
Section III Translation
46. 然而，看著無家可歸者繪制出的花園圖片時，人們會突然意識到，盡管這些花園風格多樣，它們都顯示了人類除了裝飾和創(chuàng)造性表達之外的其他各種基本訴求47. 一塊神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一種人類本能的需求，和庇護所相反，那只是動物的本能需求。
47. 無論地方多么簡陋不堪，尋求一片靜謐圣土是人類特有的需求，而動物需要的僅是僅是避難棲息之地。
48. 無家可歸者描繪的花園實質(zhì)上是無所依附的，這些花園把一種形式引入城市環(huán)境中，而這樣的城市環(huán)境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以這種明顯的方式存在。
49. 我們大多數(shù)人會深陷于精神萎靡的狀態(tài)，并常常將此歸咎為一些心理原因，直到某天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身花園中，感到如魔法般煩悶盡消。
50. 正是對自然的這種或隱晦含蓄或清晰直白的`提及，充分證實了用“花園”一詞來描述這些虛擬建筑是合乎情理的，即使是從毫無拘泥的意義來講的。
Section IV Writing
51.【參考范文】
Dear Prof. Smith,
On behalf of Students’ Union, I am writing this letter to invite you to be a judge for the speech contest which will be held in Students’ Union Hall on Monday, January 21.
As an internationally acclaimed scholar in English language and culture, your participation will bring us the pleasure. What’s more, since you have been teaching for a long time and you enjoy a great popularity among all teachers and students, we firmly believe that you can offer us valuable suggestions on improving our students’ oral and writing abilities.
It would be a great honor if you could accept this invitation. We are looking forward to your favorable early reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
52. 【參考范文】
As is shown above, this simple picture represents a vigorous situation that nearly every graduate student will face: hunting for a job, further studying, starting a business or going aboard. Which one should they choose? Without exception, everyone has to make choices in life, no matter concerning school, career, or love. While some choices are easy, one cannot avoid the task of making difficult decisions.
There is sufficient evidence showing that choices are often directly related to one’s happiness. University students, face a hard and crucial decision upon graduating. Many students have difficulty in deciding whether to continue studying or begin a career. As is known to all, every individual is different, and one must take the factors of one’s personal life into consideration. In addition to an awareness of specific circumstances, however, making the right choice also depends on correct appraisal of oneself.
It is without doubt that in order to choose correctly, therefore, one must be both realistic and self-aware. Furthermore, there is other aspect to be taken into consideration. Once having made a decision, one should seriously accept and pursue the path one has chosen, and strive towards the realization of one’s goal with spirit.
全國碩士研究生入學考試英語真題及答案 2
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.
Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R and development).Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
7 enough, firms investment and R intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But it is really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places.
17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R more than the average," said one researcher.
1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子可以看出，空格處應(yīng)該是一個引導賓語從句的從屬連詞，做influence的賓語。四個選項的意思中，只有C. how引導后面的內(nèi)容做influence的賓語，前后意思合理。
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
【答案】B
【解析】空格的前一句話的內(nèi)容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司投資更多的錢。空格所在句的內(nèi)容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司在…方面投入更多的錢。很顯然，前后句子是總分關(guān)系。選項中，只有B選項可以體現(xiàn)總分關(guān)系。
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)空格處前后的內(nèi)容，_____ for making investments for the future是做后置定語修飾longer-term thinking和happiness。幸福，這種持久的思維模式對于對未來進行投資_______，四個選項中只有D. necessary 做后置定語符合前后內(nèi)容。
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
【答案】C
【解析】空格處的內(nèi)容與inclination for risk-taking由and連接，構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，后面that come with happiness定語從句既修飾空格處的內(nèi)容，也修飾inclination for risk-taking，所以選項中可以由that come with happiness修飾的只有C選項optimism。
5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
【答案】D
【解析】空格處的內(nèi)容和the way companies invested構(gòu)成動賓搭配。只有D選項可以和the way companies invested構(gòu)成通順語義。故D項正確。
6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
【答案】B
【解析】原文：So they compared U.S. cities average happiness_______ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 所以他們比較美國城市的平均幸福，這種幸福是根據(jù)蓋洛普在上市公司的投資活動地區(qū)民意調(diào)查來________。 A imagined 想象，D assumed 假定與民意調(diào)查的客觀性是不符的，故排除，C invented 發(fā)明，與文意不符，故選B measured，衡量，測量。
7. [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often
【答案】A
【解析】此空的答案需要結(jié)合文章上下文來判斷。這句話和本篇完型的第二段的首句的含義是相同的。本段首句其實是對于這一中心的重復闡述，因此選A。
8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
【答案】D
【解析】原文：firms investment and R intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were _________.公司的投資與研發(fā)強度與公司所_______的地區(qū)的幸福度相關(guān)。依據(jù)第7題的答案，我們可以推斷，這句話所填寫的單詞和located應(yīng)該是近義，故選D，headquartered設(shè)立總部。
9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
【答案】A
【解析】原文：…could something else about happier cities ______ why firms there spend more on R 此句也是對于本文中心的再次論證。還有其他的什么可以__________公司在幸福的城市加入研發(fā)投入力度嗎? 這句話之后就是具體的原因陳述。故選A express 解釋，闡釋。
10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
【答案】B
【解析】原文：To find out, the researchers controlled for various ________that might make firms more likely to invest - like size, industry, and sales ,為了找到答案,研究人員控制了各種各樣的可能會讓公司加大投資的_______--比如大小、行業(yè)和銷量--，聯(lián)系上下文，我們可以看出，這個空格其實就是下文size, industry, and sales的上義詞，可以包含這三個名詞的內(nèi)容。故選B factors 原因，因素。
11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
【答案】A
【解析】該句意思為：研究者掌控了各種使公司更愿意投資的因素(比如規(guī)模、行業(yè)、銷售)，也掌控了居住起來____的住處的征兆(比如工資或人數(shù)的增長)。此處需填入形容詞，前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，感情色彩應(yīng)保持一致，所填詞應(yīng)和空前more likely to invest更可能投資，以及空后like舉例的內(nèi)容漲工資一致，也是好事，所以答案desirable可取的、令人滿意的為正確選項。
12. [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke
【答案】B
【解析】即使說明這些問題，總體來講，快樂與投資之間的關(guān)系____。Resume繼續(xù)、重新開始，hold保持不變，維持，emerge出現(xiàn)，break破裂。前后為遞進，說明這些問題后，二者關(guān)系應(yīng)仍然保持不變，所以hold為正確答案。
13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare
【答案】A
【解析】該句意思為：快樂與投資之間的相互關(guān)系對年輕的企業(yè)特別強烈，作者把這一點____于"缺少編纂的做決定過程"。此處考搭配，attribute…to把……歸咎于，assign…to把……指派給，transfer…to把……傳遞給，compare…to把……相比較，其中attribute…to符合文意，作者把這一點歸因于于"缺少編纂的做決定過程"。
14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced
【答案】D
【解析】該題為并列平行關(guān)系考查，and前后情感色彩、所屬范疇應(yīng)保持一致，younger并列，應(yīng)為less experienced缺少經(jīng)驗的，故為正確答案。
15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
【答案】C
【解析】該句話上一句為The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong，此句為The relationship was 15 stronger，顯然，二者之間為并列關(guān)系，因此選擇also也。
16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
【答案】D
【解析】此題考查副詞。四個選項中，A選項rapidly意為"迅速地"， B選項regularly意為"常規(guī)地"，C選項意為directly"直接地"，D選項equally"平等地"。此處討論的是公司投資與快樂之間的關(guān)系�？崭窈笾赋�，相較于在快樂不平等的地方，或者幸福感有巨大鴻溝的地方，公司更愿意在大多數(shù)人都較為幸福的領(lǐng)域投資， D選項equally是對inequality的反義復現(xiàn)，因此，D選項是正確選項。
17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
【答案】C
【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。上文指出，公司愿意在幸福的領(lǐng)域里投資， 而空格后則提到"這并不能證明幸福引發(fā)了公司擴大投資或者采用較長遠的眼光看問題"，顯然，這二者之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，正確選項為C選項While "然而"。
18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
【答案】C
【解析】空格所在句的前半句質(zhì)疑了投資與幸福的關(guān)系，后半句的作者表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度是"believe"， 因此此處要填入一個表積極立場的詞，且能與后面的'at that possibility構(gòu)成搭配， 表明"作者"的認可態(tài)度。A選項arrive"到達"，B選項jumps"跳躍"，D選項strikes"打擊;罷工"，均不能與at that possibility搭配，C選項hints"暗示"符合語意，因此正確答案為C。
19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share
【答案】A
【解析】結(jié)合文意，此處是在正面論述"當?shù)匚幕头諊?對公司運營的影響，且二者之間的因果關(guān)系一直貫穿全文。四個選項中，A選項shape意為"形成，塑造" B選項rediscover"重新發(fā)現(xiàn)"， C選項simplify"簡化"，D選項share"分享"， 其中只有A 選項最貼近語意，因此正確答案為A。
20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act
【答案】B
【解析】此處考察固定詞組。 A選項pray for意為"為……祈禱"，B選項lean towards意為"向……傾斜"，C選項give away意為"泄露; 失去;贈送"，D選項send out意為"發(fā)送，發(fā)出"�？崭袼诰涞那昂笳Z意為"快樂的人比普通人更加的具有正向思維，更有創(chuàng)造力，并且更加的_____研究和發(fā)展。"可知最符合文意的只能是選項B。
【試題點評】2016年完形填空的整體思路仍是以實詞為主的，緊跟往年出題思路。文章主旨在文章的首句及每一段的開頭句中，答案分配也比較均勻。本題型為了測試考生實際應(yīng)用英語的能力和語感。具體說來，是從語篇的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規(guī)則的靈活運用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓練，一般做題的基本思路是，根據(jù)已知信息去填空，根據(jù)空前后的線索來選擇填什么。比方說，題目讓考生填主句的內(nèi)容，那么從句中就會有相應(yīng)的說明。題目讓考生填動詞，原文常常在別的地方出現(xiàn)這個動詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢？首先根據(jù)需要填寫動詞后面出現(xiàn)的賓語，找到有同一賓語的句子，該句中的動詞就是所需填寫詞的同義詞。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.
21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______
[A] complete future job training
[B] remodel the way of thinking
[C] formulate logical hypotheses
[D] perfect artwork production
【答案】B
【解析】觀點題。根據(jù)題干Cortina holds回文定位在第二段。第二段指出Cortina認為過早的接觸電腦是有益的，緊接著指出當小孩子學習電腦科學，他們就學習了如何去開發(fā)手機應(yīng)用程序，或者創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)，或者驗證假設(shè)。對于他們來說與大孩子相比，改變思維并不難。綜上所述，[B]remodel the way of thinking是對原文"transform their thought"的同義置換。
22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________
[A] experience
[B] interest
[C] career prospects
[D] academic backgrounds
【答案】B
【解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"in delivering lessons for high-schoolers"、"Flatiron has considered"，定位到第三段。整個第三段在敘述Flatiron School。其中，第三行The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in"(高中生們上同樣的課程，但是"我們力圖以他們的興趣來調(diào)整課程")，表明了該校開設(shè)課程的依據(jù)是"學生的興趣"，故選[B] interest。
23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________
[A] help students learn other computer languages
[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come
[C] need improving when students look for jobs
[D] enable students to make big quick money
【答案】A
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Deborah Seehorn 定位到文章第五段最后一句。Deborah說他們學習的技能(如何思考問題具有邏輯性并組織結(jié)果)可以應(yīng)用到編碼語言中去。選項[A]幫助學生學習另外的電腦語言是對這句話的概括。
24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______
[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies
[B] stay longer in the information technology industry
[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
[D] compete with a future army of programmers
【答案】C
【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"the last paragraph"和"Flatiron students"回文定位在最后一段。最后一段第一句指出Flatiron的學生不會全都進入IT界。緊接著第二句說明培養(yǎng)編碼人員不是唯一目的，第三句進一步指出這些學生將會一生"被電腦包圍"(生活在電腦時代)，對比四個所給選項，[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world與原文意思一致，故正確。
25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________
[A] persuade
[B] frighten
[C] misguide
[D] challenge
【答案】A
【解析】詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息"coax"(Line 4, Para.6)，定位到最后一段第四行how to coax the machine into producing what they want(如何…電腦生產(chǎn)他們想要的)，且該部分是與how computers think(電腦是如何思維的)并列的，都是學生學習的具體內(nèi)容。正是因為兩者并列，因此根據(jù)單詞think可知coax同樣含有一定比喻色彩，且coax指的是"讓電腦生產(chǎn)他們想要的"一種手段或方式。persuade"勸說，勸誘"，即"勸誘電腦生產(chǎn)他們想要的"，語意恰當，是正確選項，本題正確答案為[A] persuade。
Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver s seat for managing the species," Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.
26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
【答案】A
【解析】本題屬于細節(jié)題，考查了考生對文章首段中關(guān)于草原雞數(shù)量的變化的理解。根據(jù)對首段首句當中生物學家預測的數(shù)量是2百萬，而在首段末句出現(xiàn)but轉(zhuǎn)折以及末句當中關(guān)于草原雞現(xiàn)在真實的剩余數(shù)量只有2萬2千只，都可以說明草原雞的數(shù)量急劇的下降；另外，這道題還有一種做法是通過第二段首句的主語的作用，某些情況下，文章中間段落的首句主語起到承上啟下的作用，那么中間段落首句主語就會有概括上一段的作用，本文第二段的首句：The crash was a main reason USFWS decided to formally list the bird as threatened. 就是對第26題題干和正確選項的同義替換，根據(jù)第二段第一句的主語：the crash (這種暴跌)，對應(yīng)正確選項A。
27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
【答案】D
【解析】本題屬于推理題，根據(jù)題干信息：the "Threatened"tag 令許多環(huán)境學家感到失望，定位到第二段的第三句，因此，原因應(yīng)該出自第三句之后，而第四句和第五句中間有很明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,因此答案定位在第五句，很多同學可能會問，這里并沒有表示原因的詞去與題干當中的in that進行對應(yīng)，但是在我們的鉆石卡的課程中提到，原文當中給出原因的并不一定是直接給出表示原因的連詞或者介詞，在本文第三句的but Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. 當中的gave這個詞是"使得"的意思，A使得B如何如何，也就是A是B的原因，因此這道題的答案是D (違反了保護措施)。
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
【答案】B
【解析】本題屬于推理題，根據(jù)題干當中給出的位置信息(第三段)以及表示條件與結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系的if這個信息，可以迅速定位到第三段的第一句，其中題干當中的if與文章當中的as long as 進行對應(yīng)，而題干當中的表示結(jié)果的部分與as long as 之前進行對應(yīng)，因此，正確選項應(yīng)該出自as long as 之后，也就是原文當中的：they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. "簽訂一系列管理計劃去恢復草原雞的棲息地"，對應(yīng)到的正確選項是B (volunteer to set up an equally big habitat 幫助搭建同樣大小的棲息地)。
29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______.
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
【答案】D
【解析】本題屬于細節(jié)題。答案定位在文章第三段最后一句，從Ashe所說的話中"states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species"可以得出，選項D the states在管理物種方面起著領(lǐng)導作用。
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
【答案】B
【解析】本題屬于推斷題。答案定位在文章最后一段，從Jay Lininger所說的話中，可以得知他認為政府應(yīng)該為導致鳥類瀕臨滅絕的產(chǎn)業(yè)負責任，因此可以得出，他最可能支持本段開頭所提出的雙贏的說法。
Text 3
That everyones too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside times flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.
31. The usual time-management techniques dont work because .
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
【答案】[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到第二段第一句"what makes…management techniques dont seem sufficient",，但是這句并沒有提及原因。真正的原因是第二段最后一句"Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient"。(深度閱讀需要的不僅僅是時間，而且僅僅通過高效率所獲得的那種時間也不夠)，因此選項D what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed為正確答案。
32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
[A] their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
【答案】B
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到第三段第五句：we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days, hours, minutes) as they pass。故正確答案應(yīng)該與to fill…相一致。這句話中將時間單位天，小時和分鐘比喻成了不同大小的瓶子。而壓力來自于我們填充這些大小不一的瓶子時，即把自己的時間充實起來時。故正確答案為選項B。
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句：…such ritualistic behavior helps us "step outside times flow" into "soul time. (這種儀式化行為指代有助于我們從拜托時間流進入靈魂閱讀)，soul time 即選項D 中immersive reading (沉浸式閱讀)，故正確答案為選項D。
34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
【答案】A
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的carry a book with you at all times can work if, 可以定位到第四段倒數(shù)第二句 "providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state"(假定你經(jīng)常沉浸在閱讀中，以至于閱讀成為一種默認設(shè)置)，因此可以確定選項A reading becomes your primary business of the day(閱讀成為你一天中的主要事情)為正確答案。
35. The best title for this text could be .
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
【答案】B
【解析】主旨題。根據(jù)文章首段轉(zhuǎn)折之后出主旨。But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.(但是其中一個特別悲哀的抱怨是：沒有時間閱讀)。第二、三、四段都在論證深度閱讀才是解決之道。因此選項Dhow to find time to read為正確答案。
Text 4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I cant afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees,"Schneider said."I dont think people are capable of that anymore. "
36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)題干給出的mark, successful life等詞可以定位到第二段的第一句話，successful life可以找到原詞，而mark對應(yīng)milestone，including后面的內(nèi)容就是這種生活的特征，包含"結(jié)婚，有孩子，有家，60歲退休"，和選項對比，只有B項符合原文給出的特征。
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)題干給出的段落序號可以定位到第三段，另又提到y(tǒng)oung people，故可以定位到第三段開頭第一句話。題干問的是年輕人傾向于……，題干中的tend在這句話中可以找到同意置換詞more likely，句子中后面有5個to do表示年輕人傾向于做什么，所以答案就在這些動詞不定式中。和選項對比，只有C項符合原文的含義"婚前或者有孩子之前要有經(jīng)濟保障"，屬于同意替換。
38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)題干給出的the priorities and expectations等詞可以定位到第四段的第一句話的中間，that后面的內(nèi)容是對這兩個名詞的修飾，故答案應(yīng)該在這個從句中。和選項對比，只有D項符合原文。
39. Both young and old agree that .
[A] good-paying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)題干給出的young and old等詞可以定位到第五段開頭，這句話有冒號，解釋key point，所以答案應(yīng)該在冒號之后，題目問的是他們同意什么，也就是觀點，所以可以再縮小范圍為believe后面的內(nèi)容為正確選項的含義。和選項對比，只有D項符合原文，屬于同意替換。
40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success
[C] His parents good life has little to do with a college degree
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)題干給出的Schenider可以定位到最后一段開頭。這段話開頭就說這個人認為今天的生活更艱難，后面的內(nèi)容都在介紹他的生活。因為題干除了這個人名之外并沒有給出其他更細定位的信息，可以選擇從選項定位入手反推正確答案。C項說到父母的好生活在第四、五句有提到，尤其引號中的內(nèi)容和選項相符，故為正確答案。
【試題點評】英二閱讀基本圍繞經(jīng)濟類、生活類、文化類、法律類等主題來選材；出題方面，主要題型包括細節(jié)題、推理題、詞義句意題、主旨題等。而在我們整體的考研閱讀當中，所需要具備的一個最重要的能力就是如何去看到題目之后，定準了位，并且找到那個我們真正應(yīng)該找到的位置，在四個選項當中去找意思的原文最匹配的選項。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Be silly
[B] Have fun
[C] Ask for help
[D] Express your emotions.
[E] Dont overthink it
[F] Be easily pleased
[G] Notice things
Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.
(1) As adults, it seems that were constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they dont need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them.
41_____
【答案】D (Express your emotions)
【解析】emotions一詞在本段中原詞復現(xiàn)了兩次，而且出現(xiàn)了其下義詞，比如sad, angry，本段最后一句提到對待情緒的方式是：acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately。選項D與此完全對應(yīng)。因此確定正確答案為D選項。
(2) What does a child do when hes sad? He cries. When hes angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and dont dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. Thats about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.
42______
【答案】F (Be easily pleased)
【解析】該段通過舉例來說明段落主題，提到it cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed，本句話的含義是"雖然禮物不值錢，但是讓她特別開心"。并且核心詞overjoyed與小標題F中pleased屬于近義詞。該段第二句話在轉(zhuǎn)折后提到the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels，即"這些東西對我們的幸福水平影響很小。"接著最后一句總結(jié)到"感激生活中的小事情是提升我們幸福感的一個好方式"，因此本段重點在于強調(diào)要感激生活中的小事情，所以正確答案是F選項。
A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldnt bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.
43_______
【答案】A (Be silly)
【解析】該段開頭提及一個問題，那么問題的答案正是本段的中心句。第二句正是對問題的解答，根據(jù)本句話的前半部分：if we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, 核心詞silliness與選項A中的silly為同源詞，因此確定選項A為正確答案。
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.
44______
【答案】B (Have fun)
【解析】首先明確本段中第二句為轉(zhuǎn)折句，在找段落中心時，是必讀部分。本句話含義是"成年人有能力按照自己的想法去享受時光(enjoy the things)"，緊接著下句舉例說明享受的這些快樂的事情分別有哪些。因此本段重點在于說明成年人可以按照自己的意愿享受快樂時光。故選擇 Have fun。
The problem with being a grownup is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesnt matter, so long as theyre enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if youre on a tight budget.
45______
【答案】E (Dont overthink it)
【解析】該段主題句是段落首句its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy，強調(diào)"我們不應(yīng)該著急要快樂"。第二句借科學家的話提到這樣做的不良影響，下文更是引用哲學家莊子的話來證明這一論點，最后一句再次突出，我們應(yīng)以孩子為榜樣，對于孩子來說，快樂不是一個目標，而是他們生活方式的自然副產(chǎn)品�？梢姡摱握w上是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，先提出論點再論證。此外too hard與選項E中的overthink屬于近義表達，natural與overthink是反義復現(xiàn)。因此，答案選E。
Having said all of the above, its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.
Section III Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff youll see, and the more stuff you see, the more youll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
【參考譯文】超市旨在吸引顧客在自己店內(nèi)停留盡量長的時間。原因很簡單：顧客在店里停留的時間越長，看到的商品就會越多；而看到的商品越多，你就會買的越多。超市有大量商品。根據(jù)食品營銷研究院所說，普通超市大概有44000種不同的商品；很多超市更是會比普通超市多上萬種商品。眾多選擇足以讓顧客面臨各種信息，不堪重負。根據(jù)腦部掃描實驗，需要做這么多的決定很快就會使我們難以承受。大約購物40分鐘以后，大部分顧客就無法試圖做出理性的選擇，而會沖動購物--此時，在購物車里，我們已經(jīng)裝了一半根本沒想買的東西。
【試題點評】原文出自《國家地理》中的Surviving the Sneaky Psychology of Supermarkets超市購物的心理學，考查考生在準確理解的基礎(chǔ)上，按照英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)拆分句子，準確、通順翻譯漢語的能力。本次考試的翻譯考點主要包含對并列句、定語從句、狀語從句及固定詞組等翻譯的考查。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1) thank him, and
2) give you advice
You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【參考范文】
Dear Jack,
Your letter of congratulations was received. Thank you for your nice words on my winning the contest. In the letter, you asked me about the skills to do translation, so the following are my advice for you.
Firstly, you should analyze the sentence structure, thus catching the meaning of the sentence. Secondly, find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target language. Thirdly, revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistranslations or missed meanings.
I hope my advice helpful. Wish to see you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
【參考范文】
Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students purposes of traveling. The number of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%, while students who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %.
There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart. To begin with, as the present society is filled with fierce competition, most college students nowadays are under great pressure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graduation. Therefore, they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress. Secondly, with the fast advancement of the living standards of Chinese families, traveling is increasingly affordable to most college students. For this reason, students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to make some friends.
From my perspective, no matter what reason it is for, traveling is of great benefit for students to acquire a broader perspective of life. If time permits, we college students should go to see the outside world more often.
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