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2014年考研英語模擬試題大綱及答案
2014年考研英語模擬試題及答案
為了讓考生們取得優(yōu)異的成績，中國人才網這大家收集的考研英語試題，以下是"2014年考研英語模擬試題及答案"希望對大家有所幫助!
Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.
1) During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles.
The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. 2) By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. 3) These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. 4 ) Much of the naiveté that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.
Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. 5) Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.
Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.
Writing
Part A
Directions: Your good friend Pain has been admitted by the famous Tsinghua University as a Master of Science student in Mathematics. Write him a letter in congratulation of his achievement and express your regards.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't need to write the address.
Part B
Directions:Study the .following picture carefully and write an essay of 160～200 words in which you should
1) describe the drawing Piefly,
2) interpret the intended meaning reflected by it, and
3) give your comment.
參考答案：
1) 在青少年時期，政治觀念的發(fā)展在每個人身上明顯體現(xiàn)出來。在這里，政治觀念是指存在的一些大體上一致的態(tài)度，根據一套更有組織性的一般原則大致地組合在一起。
[要點] 被動語態(tài)的翻譯;非謂語動詞的翻譯
[句法] 并列句。翻譯注意：(1)is defined as翻譯成主動語態(tài)，譯為“是指”。(2) organized...過去分詞短語修飾attitudes，因為較長，采用“轉化法”獨立翻譯成分句。
[詞法] (1) presence根據語境轉換譯作形容詞“存在的”。(2)encompass意為“包圍，圍繞”，因為與roughly consistent相對比，可以翻譯為“有綞織的，協(xié)調的”。
2) 在這里，我所說的政治知識，并不僅僅是像國家政府機構等這樣的枯燥知識，這些知識在常規(guī)的九年制教育中早已教授給學生了。
[要點] 定語從句的翻譯;被動語態(tài)的翻譯
[句法] 復合句。that引導的定語從句修飾facts，that在從句中作expose to的賓語;such as...作插入語。翻譯注意：(1)that引導的定語從句應采取“分譯后置法”獨立成句。(2) is exposed to翻譯成主動語態(tài)“教授給”。
[詞法] knowledge指前面提到的political knowledge，因此增詞譯作“政治知識”。
3) 這些是具體的知識，但是青少年吸收理解許多關于政治系統(tǒng)的不言而喻的假定要更重要一些。這些假定，例如國家可以“適當?shù)?rdquo;對民眾提出什么要求或民眾對國家提出什么要求，以及政府與學校、教會等社會輔助機構之間“特定的”關系等，形成了理解政治系統(tǒng)的共同基礎。
[要點] 比較結構的翻譯;代詞they的翻譯
[句法] 由but連接的并列復合句。than...schools and churches作比較狀語。其中包含that引導的定語從句修飾assumptions;for example后面的兩個例子是對assumptions的補充說明。翻譯注意：因為but后面的分句主要講absorption，所以有必要在翻譯時將主語由they調整為absorption。因此less critical than的比較含義就應該按照邏輯順序翻譯為“更重要一些”。
[點撥] absorption of a feeling for意為“關于…的感受的吸收”，如果這樣翻譯將十分拗口，讓人看不明白，因此將absorption和feeling合在一起處理為“吸收理解”。
4) 青少年對政治存有幼稚想法并非源于他們對“事實”的忽視，而是由于他們對政治系統(tǒng)的慣例不完全理解，對一些常規(guī)和非常規(guī)的做法以及事情該怎么做、為什么做或為什么不做等缺乏認識。
[要點] 定語從句的翻譯;介詞結構的翻譯
[句法] 復合句。句子主干由not from...but from...串聯(lián)而成。that引導的定語從句修飾naiveté;名詞結構an incomplete comprehension后跟了三個of引導的介詞結構。翻譯注意：定語從句可以逆向翻譯，省去這個從句，直接翻譯為“青少年對政治存有幼稚想法”。of引導的介詞結構由于較長，翻譯時可重復其中心詞。
5) 像兒童不用掌握排列原則就能學會數(shù)數(shù)一樣，青少年也可以在腦海中形成許多隨意而零碎的政治信息，而無需明確理解這些信息背后的概念。
[要點] 方式狀語從句的翻譯;定語從句的翻譯
[句法] 復合句。as引導方式狀語從句;that引導的定語從句修飾concepts，采用“前置法”翻譯成“的”字結構。
[詞法] secure的意思是“安全的;可靠的”，因其與understanding搭配，故引申為“明確理解”。
Writing
Part A
[參考范文]
Dear Pain,
I have learned with delight that you have been admitted by the famous Tsinghua University as a Master of Science student in Mathematics. I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations.
You must be very happy at the good news. I know this is surely owing to your talent and diligence. It is also a reward you richly deserve for your years of hard work. And as your good friend I feel very happy for you, too.
Kindly let me know when you are free. I hope that we have time to get together. Wish you a more successful future.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
[參考范文]
On Policy Making
①From the picture, we know that a man is weaving a bamboo basket. ②On the one hand, he is going great guns to do his job. ③On the one hand, the baskets already made have formed a small mountain on which spiders are spinning webs. ④Symbolically, the bamboo baskets represent rules and regulations made by the authorities. ⑤Therefore, it can easily be seen that the picture is aiming at the phenomenon that nowadays rules and regulations are frequently made but rarely enforced.
⑥There are many reasons accounting for the above phenomenon. ⑦The most contributing one is that some policy makers don't take the reality into consideration when they lay down rules and regulations. As a result, these rules are only found useless. ⑧In addition, official corruption is part of the cause. ⑨To improve performance and get promotion, many officials go astray and mistakenly think that policies they formulate are a direct reflection of their achievements.
⑩Considering the above analysis, I think immediate measures should be taken to prevent the problem from deteriorating. On the one hand, policy makers should never abandon their tradition of doing things in a practical and realistic way. On the other hand, it is necessary for authorities to pay close attention to the enforcement of rules.