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考研英語模擬試題及答案解析
無論在學(xué)習(xí)或是工作中,我們最少不了的就是試題了,試題可以幫助參考者清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)自己的知識(shí)掌握程度。什么類型的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢?以下是小編為大家收集的考研英語模擬試題及答案解析,歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。
考研英語模擬試題及答案解析 1
答題注意事項(xiàng)
1.本試卷考試時(shí)間150分鐘,滿分100分。
2.試卷后面附有參考答案,供學(xué)員測試后核對(duì)。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if ed at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points)
1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.
[A] durable
[B] excessive
[C] surplus
[D] multiple
2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio.
[A] amplify
[B] enlarge
[C] magnify
[D] reinforce
3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.
[A] surroundings
[B] settings
[C] circumstances
[D] environments
4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.
[A] cancelled
[B] abolished
[C] refused
[D] rejected
5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
[A] assert
[B] impart
[C] ascertain
[D] notify
6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school.
[A] proves
[B] certifies
[C] secures
[D] approves
7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
[A] restrictively
[B] radically
[C] inclusively
[D] exclusively
8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
[A] happen
[B] take place
[C] occur
[D] run
9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.
[A] expelled
[B] propelled
[C] repelled
[D] dispelled
10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.
[A] credible
[B] credulous
[C] incredulous
[D] incredible
11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____.
[A] future
[B] possibility
[C] ability
[D] opportunity
12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
[A] density
[B] intensity
[C] popularity
[D] prosperity
13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.
[A] transferred
[B] transported
[C] transformed
[D] transmitted
14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____.
[A] disposition
[B] deficit
[C] defect
[D] discrepancy
15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system.
[A] initiate
[B] initial
[C] initiative
[D] intimate
Section III Reading Comprehension
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C)
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status(A)
[D] certain behavioral changes
43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.
[A] eleven years old
[B] sixteen years old
[C] twenty-one years old(C)
[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old
44. Starting from 22, ________.
[A] one will obtain more basic rights
[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have
[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21(C)
[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society
45. According to the passage, it is true that ________.
[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed
[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one
[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A)
[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm
33. D
Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年輕人的生活中,能夠帶來壓力的事件,包括寵物的死亡、學(xué)業(yè)的壓力、父母的離異,或者加入新的年輕人群體。[D] event來自拉丁語evenire發(fā)生,e-出.外+venire來,發(fā)生出來的事就是“(比較重大的)事件”。而句子表語部分恰恰羅列了種種較為重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明顯,顯著,明白,跡象,根據(jù),[物]證據(jù),證物;[B]accident n. 意外事件,(造成一定傷亡或者損失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn),冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷。
34. B
“學(xué)業(yè)上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“獲得”解時(shí),作及物動(dòng)詞,后及賓語。[D]fulfill vt. 實(shí)踐,實(shí)行,完成,達(dá)到,側(cè)重“履行”之意。
35. A
The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人們對(duì)壓力做出的不同的反應(yīng)方式,可能會(huì)帶來有益于健康,或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常與to連用)反應(yīng),回報(bào),對(duì)……有反應(yīng),對(duì)……起作用;[B] return vt. 歸還,回報(bào),(經(jīng)濟(jì))收益;[C] retort v. 反駁,反擊;[D]reply vi. 答復(fù),回?fù),?bào)復(fù),答辯,回答。
36. C
One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的壓力下。有的人可能會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)非常自如,但是另一個(gè)人就完全無法正常發(fā)揮。[C] while此處是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞,表示“雖然,但是”。例:You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你愛打網(wǎng)球,但我愛看書。類似用法的連詞還有whereas。例:Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜歡肥肉,相反有些人討厭肥肉。
37. A
Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 讓人滿意的社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)于良好的精神和情緒健全至關(guān)重要。
[A] sound作形容詞意為“完好的,健全的,合理的,明智的”。例:the sound development of a baby(一個(gè)嬰兒的健康發(fā)育);sound judgment合理(明智)的判斷。[B] all-round adj. 全面的,多才多藝的。
38. D
It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般認(rèn)為,要想建立,發(fā)展,并且維持有效而給人滿足感的社會(huì)關(guān)系,人們必須擁有了解和信任他人,影響他人,及幫助他人的能力。[D]initiate vt. 創(chuàng)始,發(fā)起;[A] illuminate vt. 照明,照亮,闡明,說明;[B] enunciate v. 闡明,清晰發(fā)言;[C] enumerate v. 列舉。
39. D
上下文中also一詞提示天空處需要be capable of的近義詞,所以possess the ability符合題意。
40. [A]
They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way. 他們必須有能力以建設(shè)性的方法來解決沖突。
resolve和solve都有“解決”之意。例:solve/resolve a problem但resolve可用來表達(dá)“評(píng)定或平息沖突或爭端等”之意,相當(dāng)于settle。例:resolve/settle the quarrel in a friendly way(以友好的方式解決紛爭)。此外,resolve還有“決心,決定”之意,相當(dāng)于decide或determine。例:Parliament has resolved that… (國會(huì)決議……);to resolve/be resolved to do… (下決心做……)。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Text 1
41. [C] 意為:人們所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定
根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第二句while…部分,它指出,(相對(duì)原始社會(huì)),工業(yè)社會(huì)中青春期變長有兩方面的原因:教育期的延長和反童工法的制定。所以,正確選項(xiàng)為[C]。
[A]的干擾來自于第一段第一句。它提到,“青春期的長短取決于不同社會(huì)對(duì)成熟和成年的定義”。接著第二句就比較了原始社會(huì)和工業(yè)化社會(huì)。從這兩句其實(shí)我們可以推出這兩種社會(huì)對(duì)成熟的定義必定不同。但第二句已經(jīng)明確指出了具體原因,因此[C]為最佳答案。[B] 工業(yè)化社會(huì)更加發(fā)達(dá),文中未提。[D]是工業(yè)社會(huì)中關(guān)于青春期變化的現(xiàn)象,而非青春期變長的原因。
42. [A]意為:從各類學(xué)校畢業(yè)
第二段第二句指出:青春期的社會(huì)儀式(social ones)已經(jīng)被一系列階段(a sequence of steps)所取代。第三句說明了“一系列階段”的具體所指—─各階段學(xué)習(xí)的畢業(yè)。所以,[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
[B]、[C]、[D]的錯(cuò)誤在于:social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期儀式的替代品,而只是和其替代品緊密相連的因素。第三句提到,行為變化和社會(huì)認(rèn)可度是伴隨“階段”而存在的,而一個(gè)人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位會(huì)影響各階段對(duì)他的重要性。
43.[C] 意為:21歲第二段后面部分從It is during the nine years到倒數(shù)第二句列舉了青春期各階段的權(quán)利。其中,第十句(at the age of twenty-one… public office)指出,21歲是開始享有完全成人權(quán)利的年齡。所以[C]為正確選項(xiàng)。
11歲不屬于該部分介紹的范圍;16歲時(shí)只能享有部分成人權(quán)利;12到21歲期間是一個(gè)從兒童向成人轉(zhuǎn)變的過程,個(gè)人享有權(quán)利逐漸增加,但若享有完全成人權(quán)利,需要達(dá)到21歲。因此其他項(xiàng)排除。
44. [C]意為:個(gè)人的基本權(quán)利將不會(huì)比21歲時(shí)有所增加。
文中倒數(shù)第二句說明,一旦達(dá)到成人階段(21歲),將不再繼續(xù)獲得其他額外的基本權(quán)利。所以,本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為[C]。其他項(xiàng)[A] 個(gè)人會(huì)得到更多的基本權(quán)利;[B] 一個(gè)人越老,擁有的基本權(quán)利越多;[D] 人們將享有社會(huì)賦予的更多的權(quán)利;與原文內(nèi)容相反。
45. 答案[A]意為:獲得駕照的人就可以算是成人了
第一段末句指出,到了19世紀(jì)晚期,美國的青春期和成年期的分界線消失。Frontier意為dividing line。所以,[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
第二段倒數(shù)第五句指出,18歲后,可以不經(jīng)父母的同意結(jié)婚。所以[B]錯(cuò)在“21歲”。第二段四、六、七句說明:16歲青少年可以獲得駕照,但只有到了21歲,他們才稱為法律意義上的成年人。所以[C]錯(cuò)誤。第二段倒數(shù)第六、七句說明:16歲就可以不受童工法限制,而18歲后他們才可以參軍。所以[D]錯(cuò)誤。
Text 2
46. [A] 意為:并不像表面看上去那樣好。
第一段第三、四句指出,美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興(tales of corporate revival),但是,商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)(for real),這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。該句實(shí)際上是全文的主旨,從反面提出了下文旨在回答的問題,所謂生產(chǎn)率革命根本不存在,官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂觀;該段第四句指出,問題是;最近顯示出的增長部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈(rebound)造成的,因此,不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。由題目能夠定位到第一段的這一句:What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是:商人們自認(rèn)為的他們所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)力革命是否確有其事,這一點(diǎn)更加難以確定。因此可以看出作者覺得美國經(jīng)濟(jì)形式并不像商人們說的那樣好,因此聯(lián)系到了A選項(xiàng)。
最后一段引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施進(jìn)行了否定,特別是羅森伯格的評(píng)價(jià),在他看來,目前負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)的顧問們所做的工作,多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒有成效),是典型的“于事無補(bǔ)”(ambulance-chasing)。
B意為:處于轉(zhuǎn)折階段。文章中只是說經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并不樂觀,但是還沒有達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折的地步,因此該選項(xiàng)屬于夸張類干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為:比現(xiàn)狀要好得多。這個(gè)和原文意思恰恰相反,同作者的中心思想相違背。換句話說,這個(gè)是作者要批駁的觀點(diǎn)。
D意為;幾乎要實(shí)現(xiàn)全面復(fù)蘇了。此選項(xiàng)同C選項(xiàng),都是與作者思想相違背的,更何況,復(fù)蘇這個(gè)詞根本無從談起。
47. [B] 意為:與商人的預(yù)想不符;颍翰幌裆倘祟A(yù)想的`那樣好。
第二段指出,官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂觀,如果將制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)算在一起(lump... together),89年以來生產(chǎn)率平均增長了1.2%,比前十年的平均指數(shù)略有增長;1991年后,生產(chǎn)率每年增長約2%,是1978年至1987年這十年平均指數(shù)的一倍多。然而問題是:最近顯示出的增長部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈造成的,因此,不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。正如財(cái)政部長魯賓所說的那樣,一方面,大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap),另一方面,(官方的)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字又是另一番景象,二者之間存在著一個(gè)“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的這幾句:There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是:正如財(cái)政部長羅伯特?魯賓所說的,生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”。商業(yè)傳奇即是說大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)。因此,可以得出結(jié)論,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況和商人們所塑造的神話有脫節(jié),即聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)。
A意為:排除了商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈。此選項(xiàng)定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle,意思是:近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的。但是官方統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)并未排除此反彈,在原文中沒有根據(jù)。原文只是說這個(gè)反彈是個(gè)trouble,但是并未說找個(gè)trouble被排除了。
C意為:與商人預(yù)想的一致。這個(gè)與B選項(xiàng)正好矛盾,參考B選項(xiàng)的解釋。
D意為:沒有準(zhǔn)確地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的狀況。該選項(xiàng)的說法太籠統(tǒng)了,雖然由原文得出了“脫節(jié)”的結(jié)論,但是請(qǐng)注意,是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”,而不是該官方統(tǒng)計(jì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)情況存在脫節(jié)。至少,原文并未說該統(tǒng)計(jì)不準(zhǔn)確,而只是說該統(tǒng)計(jì)與商人們預(yù)料的不符。
48. [B] 意為:他認(rèn)為所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并未奏效。
第一段指出,人們常說:不勞則無所獲,但是,要是勞而無獲呢?美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興,但是,商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí),這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚。
另外,從第三段來看,所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命包括了改組企業(yè)(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施,正如第四段所指出的,近年所進(jìn)行的一些重組措施也許并未奏效,而且,即使有所成效,效果也沒有人們想像的那樣廣泛。在最后一段,作者引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià),這幾位專家對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施更是持否定態(tài)度。作者的引用當(dāng)然帶有很大的傾向性,用以支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。第一段指出,人們常說:不勞則無所獲,但是,要是勞而無獲呢?美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興,但是,商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí),這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚,就是說所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并沒起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出,現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)與商人們所想的存在脫節(jié),因此他們所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)
A意為:他對(duì)“不勞則無所獲”的真實(shí)性提出質(zhì)疑。該選擇項(xiàng)過于局限于字面意思。該選擇項(xiàng)過于局限于字面意思,而與作者的真正用意無關(guān)。這是一個(gè)用字面意思來迷惑考生的干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為:他認(rèn)為官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)寧可能有錯(cuò)。正好相反,他們認(rèn)為所謂的商業(yè)振興僅僅是假象。聯(lián)系上一道題,作者并未說官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不符合實(shí)際。如果上道題明白的話,就會(huì)第一個(gè)排除此選項(xiàng)的。
D意為:他獲得了商業(yè)振興的確鑿證據(jù)。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)有兩個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。首先作者壓根沒說商業(yè)振興,反而在說經(jīng)濟(jì)情況不如想象中的好。第二個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是所謂的確鑿證據(jù)無從說起。文章中所有的例證都是在說明“脫節(jié)”這個(gè)問題,而不是在說什么商業(yè)振興。
49. [A] 意為:激進(jìn)的改革對(duì)生產(chǎn)率的提高極其重要。
首先要看清楚題目,是說文章未提到的,大家一定不要犯這種低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,選了文章提到過的選項(xiàng)。,作者只指出促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率革命的措施并未奏效,未達(dá)到人們想象的效果,而并末提到應(yīng)該如何才對(duì)。這屬于過度引申的干擾項(xiàng)。
B意為:用新方法改變工作場所可以提高生產(chǎn)率。第三段第二句指出,重新改變工作場所僅是加快一個(gè)國家的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合生產(chǎn)率水平(overall productivity of an economy)的一種措施,促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的因素還有許多,如:設(shè)備和機(jī)器投資、新技術(shù)、教育和培訓(xùn)投資等都會(huì)帶來生產(chǎn)率的提高。
C意為:降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤。根據(jù)第五段第三句,在比爾看來,許多公司機(jī)械地(in a mechanistic fashion)應(yīng)用改革措施,降低了成本,但對(duì)長期盈利卻考慮不夠?梢,降低成本和長期盈利并非總是成正比。
D意為:顧問們是一伙飯桶。不要以為這種罵人句肯定不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在原文中,那你就犯了主觀主義錯(cuò)誤了。文章最后一段指出,在羅森伯格看來,目前負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整的顧問們所做的工作,多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒有成效),是典型的“于事無補(bǔ)”。
50. [D]否定的。 本題問:根據(jù)文章,作者對(duì)美國提高生產(chǎn)率的革命態(tài)度如何?作者在文章的一開頭就提出,本文要討論“得不償失、勞而無功”的問題,所以作者對(duì)這場提高生產(chǎn)率革命的態(tài)度顯然是否定的。故選D。 A有偏心的,有偏見的。 B樂觀的。 C模棱兩可的。均不符合題意,不能入選。
考研英語模擬試題及答案解析 2
Section I Vocabulary
Directions:
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1.Advertises often aim their campaigns at young people as they have considerable spending_____.
A.power B.force C.energy D.ability
2.Weve bought some______chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store away
A.adapting B.adjusting C.binding D.folding
3.The new speed restrictions were a______debated issue,
A.heavily B.hotly C.deeply D.profoundly
4.His change of job has____him with a new challenge in life
A.introduced B.initiated C.presented D.led
5.No_____youre hungry if you havent eaten since yesterday
A.matter B.surprise C.wonder D.problem
6.The pianist played beautifully,showing a real_____for the music
A.feeling B.understanding C.appreciation D.sense
7.The boss into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was told
A.flew B.charged C.rushed D.burst
8.Politicians should never lose______of the needs of the people they represent
A.view B.sight C.regard D.prospect
9.The employees tried to settle the dispute by direct_____with the boss
A,negotiation B.connection C.association D.communication
10.You havent heard all the facts so dont_____to conclusions
A.dash B.jump C.much D.fly
11.I am_____aware of the need to obey the vales of the competition
A.greatly B.far C.much D.well
12.The manager has always attended to the_____of important business himself
A.transaction B.solution C.translation D.stimulation
13.As is known to all a country gets a(an)______from taxes
A income B.revenue C.rind D.payment
I4,The government has decided to reduce______on all imports.
A.fee B.charge C.tariff D.tuition
15.The need for financial provision not only to producers but also to consumers
A.connects B.links C .associates D.relates
16.The ability of bank to create deposits is determined by the ratio of liquid assets which they___.
A.mount B.contain C.remain D.maintain
17 .The first serious prospect of a cure for Aids_____a treatment which delays its effects ha emerged A.other than B.rather than C.more than D.less than
18.His parents died when he was young,so he was____by his grandma
A.bred B.brought C.fed D.grown
19.The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to______dollars in fear of another government inter
A.let in B.let out C.let go of D.let off
20.The local people could hardly think of any good way to______the disaster of the war
A.shake off B.get off C.put off D.take off
Section II Cloze
Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
A few decades ago,the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer(EFT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe.The___21__benefit of such systems was to__22___the float of capital that was unavailable for?__23__checks were being cleared through banking__24__.Today,we understand that benefits of electronic banking are far more_25__than just reducing floating cash.The world of banking__26__revolutionized.It is__27_more efficient and faster,but more global.And now_28_the Internet,EFT systems are increasingly__29__with the new world of e-commerce and e-trade.
__30__1997 and 2003,EFT value__31__from less than $50 trillion to nearly $40 trillion,more than the__32__economic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world.These statistics__33__should emphasize the true importance of transnational EFT Satellite,wireless,and cable-based electronic fund transfers_34__the hub of global enterprise.Such electronic cash is_35__central to the idea of an emerging "worldwide mind." Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds,the world economy would grind to a halt.
21.A.hiding B.getting C.driving D.giving
22.A.introduce B.reduce C.produce D.increase
23.A.which B.that C.while D.where
24.A.mechanics B.methods C.procedures D.systems
25.A.extensive B.intensive C.profound D.great
26.A.is B.has C.has been D.had been
27.A.far B.even C.just D.not only
28.A.with B.by C.for D.on
29.A.linked B.integrated C.controlled D.joined
30.A.Between B.In C.From D.Among
31.A.decreased B.raised C.elevated D.soared
32.A.gross B.accelerated C.combined D.collective
33.A.lonely B.alone C.only D.merely
34.A.present B.represent C.reserve D.comprehend
35.A.so B.nevertheless C.thereafter D.therefore
Section III Reading comprehension
Directions:
Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Working at nonstandard times-evenings,nights,or weekends-is taking its toll on American families.One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts,and one-third work weekends,according to Harriet B.Presser,sociology professor at the University of Maryland.The result is stress on familial relationships,which is likely to continue in coming decades.
The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender,economic level,and whether or not children are involved.Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers.Women in clerical,sales or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.
Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households,generating more split-shift couples.School-aged children,however,may benefit from parents nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school.On the other hand,a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.
Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for diner but more time together for breakfast.One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies,however,based on parent,shift,and age of children.There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.
Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employer.Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades.She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher.The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.
Unfortunately,says Presser,the issue is virtually absent from public discourse.She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours,the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends,and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours."Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention," she says.
36.Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?
A.Stress on familial relationships.
B.Rotating shifts.
C.Evenings,nights,or weekends.
D.Its consequences.
37.Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?
A.Children.
B.Marriage.
C.Single mothers.
D.Working women.
38.Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?
A.Children.
B.Parents.
C.Employees
D.Professional child providers.
39.It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are .
A.emphasized
B.absent
C.neglected
D.prevalent
40.What is the authors attitude towards working irregular hours?
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Indifferent.
D.Objective.
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
Most human beings actual1y decide before they think.When any human being-executive,specialized expert,or person in the street-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion,often within a matter of seconds,how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly.Very few people,no matter how inte1ligent or experienced,can take inventory of the many branching possibilities,possible outcomes,side effects,and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds.Yet,those who pride themse1ves on being decisive often try to do just that.And once their brains lock onto an opinion,most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.
A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the pat of the "losing" faction.When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing,the battle often doesnt end when the meeting ends.Anger,resentment,and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later,or to reopen the debate at later meetings.
There is a better.As philosopher Aldous Huxley said,"It isnt who is right,but what is right,that counts."
The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate.With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed.By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process,slowing it down,and organizing the flow of logic,its possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.
The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts,then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together.Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting,its possible to organize the experts information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning.This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; its a simple,remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.
4l.From the first paragraph we can learn that .
A.executive,specialized expert,are no more clever than person in the street
B.very few people decide before they think
C.those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so
D.people tend to consider carefully before making decisions
42.Judging from the context,what does the word "them"(line 4,paragraph 2) refer to?
A.Decision makers.
B.The "losing" faction.
C.Anger,resentment,and jealousy.
D.Other people.
43.Aldous Huxleys remark(Paragraph 3) implies that .
A.there is a subtle difference between right and wrong
B.we cannot tell who is right and what is wrong
C.what is right is more important than who is right
D.what is right accounts for the question who is right
44.According to the author,the function of the structured-inquiry method is .
A.to make decision by debate
B.to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology.
C.to brake on the thinking process,slowing it down
D.to create a level of conceptual clarity
45.The structured-inquiry process can be useful for .
A.decision makers
B.intelligence analysis meeting
C.the experts information
D.marketing focus groups
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise.All of this will be in the future of sport.The spectator(the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.
The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels.They will be the ones who decide what to see.And they will have to pay for it.In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view.Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose.The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century.It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic,flat screen occupying the whole of one wall,with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainers stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game.And at their disposal will be the sane option s the producer of the recorded programmer has to select replays,to choose which camera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public,the players,the trainer and so on.
Many sports executives,largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches.They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever on television,for example,it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.
It is also the argument of these sports executives that television harming the modest team.This is true,but the future of those teams is also modest.They have reached their ceiling.It is the law of the market.The great events continually attract larger audience.
The world I being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and,in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities.Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.
The most visionary executives go further.That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why not have sports taken over television?
46.What does the writer mean by use of the phrase "an indissoluble marriage" in the first paragraph?
A.sport is combined with television.
B.sport controls television.
C.television dictates sports.
D.Sport and television will go their own ways
47.What does "they" in line 2 paragraph 2 stand for?
A.Broadcasts.
B.Channels.
C.Spectators.
D.Technologies.
48.How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?
A.they are too old to do anything.
B.They feel ill at ease.
C.They feel completely at home.
D.Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.
49.What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?
A.the philosophy of visionary executives.
B.The process of television taking over sport.
C.Television coverage expansion.
D.An example to show how sport has taken over television.
50.What might be the appropriate title of this passage?
A.the arguments of sports executives.
B.The philosophy of visionary executives.
C.Sports and television in the 21st century.
D.Sports: a business.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Convenience food helps companies by creating growth,but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization,the microwave is the last enemy.The communion of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes.The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone.The companionship of the campfire,cooking pot and common table,which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150000 years could be destroyed.
Meals have certainly sated from the rise of convenience food.The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend,among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness.Indeed,the days first meal has all but disappeared.In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the corn flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.
Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook.One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13M a day in 2002,the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has multiplied.But perhaps this isnt a paradox.Maybe it is became people cant cook anymore,so they need to be told how to do it,or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies---golf,yachting ---not about chores.Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.
Although everybody lives in the kitchen.its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use.Mr.Silversteins now book,"trading up" look at mid-range consumers milling now to splash out.He says that industrial -style Viking cook pot,with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges,have helped to push the "kitchen as theater" trend in hour goods.They cost from $1000 to $9000.Some 75% of them are never used.
Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness,or otherwise,of food,of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself.You dont get much healthier than an apple,and supermarkets sell a better for you range of ready-meals.But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat The three Harvard economists in their paper "why have Americans become more obese?" point out that in the past,if people wanted to eat fatty hot food,they had to cook it.That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice,once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy.Which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food.Mass preparation of food took away that constraint.Nobody has to cut and double cook their own fries these days.Who has the time?
51.What might the previous paragraphs deal with?
A.The relationship between meals and convenience food.
B.The importance of convenience food in peoples life.
C.The rise of convenience food.
D.The history of food industry.
52.What is the paradox in the third paragraph?
A.People dont know how to cook.
B.The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.
C.People are becoming more obsess,thus unhealthy.
D.Convenience food actually does not save people thrive.
53.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The bad effects of convenience food
B.Mr.Silversteins new book
C.Peoples new hobby
D.Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.
54.Why has American become more obese?
A.Because of eating chips.
B.Because of being busy.
C.Because of being lazy.
D.B and C.
55.Which of the following might the author mostly agree with?
A.There is nothing bad about convenience food.
B.Convenience food makes people lazy.
C.Convenience food helps companies grow.
D.Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.
Section IV Translation
Directions:
In this section there is a passage in English.Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibit more appealing to younger visitor.
For instances,capable corporate manager might see alarming rise in local housing price that could affect availability of skilled workers in the region.People in government also need foresight to keep system running smoothly,to play budget and prevent war.
Many of the best known technique for foresight were developed by government planner,especially in the military,thinking about the unthinkable.
The futurist recognized that the future world is continuing with preset world.We can learn a great deal about what many happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happy now.
參考答案
Section I Vocabulary and Structure
1-5 CDBCC 6-10 CABAB 11-15 DABCD 16-20 CBACA
Section II Cloze( 15 x 1=15 points)
21-25 DBCDA 26-30 CABBA 31-35 DABBD
Section III Reading Comprehension(20x2=40 points )
36-40 CBADB 41-45 CBCAA 46-50 ACBDC 51-55 AAADC
Section IV Translation( 20x1=20 points )(參考譯文)
56、富有遠(yuǎn)見的藝術(shù)館館長應(yīng)該順應(yīng)潮流,充分利用計(jì)算機(jī)制圖的優(yōu)勢,使各項(xiàng)展出更加吸引年輕的參觀者。
57、比如說,能干的公司主管可能會(huì)從當(dāng)?shù)胤績r(jià)上漲這一現(xiàn)象中敏銳地觀察到一絲的跡象,從而判斷出漲價(jià)將不利于該地區(qū)吸引熟練工前來就職。
58、在政府部門就職的人也需要有遠(yuǎn)見,以保證個(gè)部門運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利,靈活地制定預(yù)算,并且可以防止戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)。
59、許多廣為人知的使人們富有遠(yuǎn)見的方法都是由政府的策劃者首創(chuàng)的。特別是在軍隊(duì)中,這種人大有人在。他們會(huì)失去琢磨一些一般人根本無法想到的事情。
60、那些篤信未來的`人意識(shí)到未來世界是與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界息息相關(guān)的。我們通過系統(tǒng)地觀察現(xiàn)有世界中發(fā)生的事情,就可以在很大程度上預(yù)測到未來將要發(fā)生的事情
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