2015小升初英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
小升初英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：動(dòng)詞短語
動(dòng)詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動(dòng)詞作用的短語叫短語動(dòng)詞(Phrasal Verb)。例如:
Turn off the radio. 把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。(turn off是短語動(dòng)詞)
短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種:
1) 動(dòng)詞+副詞,如:black out;
2) 動(dòng)詞+介詞,如:look into;
3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞,如:look forward to。構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞(Particle)。
非謂語動(dòng)詞
在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞分為三種形式:不定式,動(dòng)名詞,和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。
1)不定式
時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)動(dòng)名詞
時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分詞
時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式: not +不定式, not + 動(dòng)名詞, not +
小升初英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：動(dòng)詞
知識要點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(指某個(gè)具體的靜態(tài)如：think, love 等或動(dòng)態(tài)如：run, walk 等)、系動(dòng)詞(常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等)、助動(dòng)詞(常用的是do, does, did等用來構(gòu)成否定句及疑問句)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(常用的有can, may, must, shall, should等，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后一定要跟動(dòng)詞原形)。
1) 動(dòng)詞的基本形式
絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。
A. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同：
1. 一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s，如work-works, write-writes.
2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,
finish-finishes, catch-catches.
3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i加es，如study-studies.
注：不規(guī)則變化的有have-has
B. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
1. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.
2. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,
move-moving.
3. 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ing，如get-getting, begin-beginning.
4. 以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.
C. 過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成
1. 一般情況直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.
2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.
3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.
4. 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末尾一個(gè)字母，再加ed，如stop-stopped.
練習(xí)：
I. 用be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.
2.They __________ in the classroom.
3.Where __________ my books﹖
4.These ___________her pears.
5.How much _________the T-shirt?
6.How much __________ the socks?
7.Our mother _________forty last year.
8.You can _________ in our school music club.
9.Let's ___________friends.
10.He and I _________friends.
11.Someone __________ in the room.
12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.
II.劃出每句中正確的詞
1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?
2.(Where/What)are your baseball?
3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?
4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?
5.(Is/Can)she play the violin?
6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.
7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music?
8.Who (am/is) your father?
9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?
10.How much (are/is) her socks?
11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.
12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.
13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.
14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.
15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.
III.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去式。
如：look - looks - looking- looked
drink_________ _________ _________
go _________ _________ _________
stay _________ _________ _________
make _________ _________ _________
teach_________ _________ _________
ride _________ _________ _________
have_________ _________ _________
pass_________ _________ _________
carry _________ _________ _________
come_________ _________ _________
watch_________ _________ _________
plant_________ _________ _________
fly_________ _________ ____________
study_________ _________ _________
brush_________ _________ _________
read_________ _________ _________
run _________ _________ _________
write_________ _________ _________
swim_________ _________ _________
get_________ _________ __________
say_________ _________ __________
take _________ _________ _________
see_________ _________ __________
begin_________ _________ _________
dance_________ _________ _________
IV.用所給詞的正確形式填空。
1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.
2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?
3. I like __________( make) kites.
4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.
5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class.
6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.
7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.
8. It's time for us ________( read) books.
知識要點(diǎn)
2). 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
4. 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語)，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如：The meeting begins at seven.會(huì)議7點(diǎn)開始。
5.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午來，我們將開會(huì)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。
練習(xí)：
I.用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20.-What day _______(be) it today?
-It's Saturday
II. 改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________
知識要點(diǎn)
3). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：
.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)： be+動(dòng)詞ing.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志詞：now, Look! Listen!
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示將來.如:
He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天將乘飛機(jī)去北京。
練習(xí)：
I.用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
11.It's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.
12. What ____he _____(mend)?
13. We _____(play)games now.
14.What ____you____(do) these days?
15. ____he ___(clean) the classroom?
16. Who____(sing)in the next room?
17. The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.
II.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Look! He _____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is helpping
2 ._____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B .How C. What D.Where
3. Don't talk here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
4. Danny ______. Don't call him.
A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes
5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.
A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming
6. The children _____ football.
A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a
7. Listen! She____ in the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing
8. It's six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.
A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.
A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
10. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.
A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving
A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
15.Some Germans _______(visit) our school.
知識要點(diǎn)
4). 一般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)的用法：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do;②will+ do.
一般將來時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：
tomorrow, next week (month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段時(shí)間等。
練習(xí)：
I. 填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我將去打籃球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.Today is a sunny day. We___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot.
But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?
She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
6. What ________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now
知識要點(diǎn)
5). 一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)的用法：間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
1.過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.
He was a worker two years ago.
2.過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.
3.談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過去時(shí)。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞：yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語,yesterday morning由"last "構(gòu)成的短語last year
由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語, e.g. three days ago; 另外在賓語從句中主句為過去時(shí),一般從句也用過去時(shí).
練習(xí)：
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
.1 She lived there before he ____to China.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
.2 I _____but _____ nothing.
A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard
C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of
.3 When did you ____here?
A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach
.4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do
.5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.
A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.
II. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。
1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.
2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.
3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.
4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.
5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.
6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.
7 Did he____(have) lunch at home?
8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school.
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