英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題及參考答案
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題及參考答案
篇一：
The Homosexual Family
Although many people do not think of homosexual relationships as resulting in a family, it has been estimated that about one of five gays and one of three lesbians enter a homosexual marriage. The marriage may or may not be established by a formal ceremony. One male couple , for example , after four months of cohabitation3, went to Mass4 and let the service be their private ceremony of commitment. They used the term marriage to describe their relationship. They bought matching rings and verbally agreed to be sexually faithful, to emotionally support each other, and to have equal say in such matters as finances.
Moreover, millions of gays and lesbians have had children. In many cases, the children were born when the individual was part of a heterosexual marriage . Subsequently, the individual openly acknowledged his or her homosexual preference. Some of these children are being raised in a homosexual family — two men, two women, or some other arrangement. For example, Nancy is a lesbian who is raising a daughter with two gay males, one of whom is the child’s father.
Homosexual couples have to work through the same problems as heterosexual couples. They face issues of household division of labor, power, sexual relationships, and money. In addition, like the interracial couple , they face problems arising from being in a socially stigmatized relationship. Gallup polls5 that asked the American public whether homosexual relations between consenting adults should be legal have found an increasing proportion from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s who said that they should not be legal. Homosexual families, then, must not only deal with the same issues as other families but also with a hostile environment and with some problems that are unique to6 the homosexual relationship .
閱讀自測(cè)
�、�. Are these statements True or False according to the article ?
1. Like heterosexual marriage, homosexual marriage must go through a formal ceremony.
2. Most of the children of homosexuals are adopted from other places.
3. Homosexual couples just have to confront the same problems as heterosexual couples.
4. Homosexual couples have to overcome various problems and still have a long way to go .
5. From the mid-1970s, homosexual marriages are gradually accepted by our society.
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks :
1. The tax increases in ______to the amount you earn.
A. accordance B. proportion C. ratio D. scale
2. There are some matters ______ from the recent changes in the law.
A. raising B. happening C. arising D. rising
3. The father is not willing to consent ______ the marriage.
A. to B. from C. with D. in
參考答案
�、�. 1. F 2. F 3 . F 4. T 5. F
Ⅱ. 1. B 2. C 3 . A
參考譯文
同性戀家庭
盡管許多人認(rèn)為同性戀關(guān)系不能使兩個(gè)同性戀者組成一個(gè)家庭, 但據(jù)估計(jì)大約每五個(gè)男同性戀者中就有一個(gè)會(huì)與同性結(jié)婚, 而每三個(gè)女同性戀者中則會(huì)有一個(gè)與同性結(jié)婚。同性戀者的婚姻關(guān)系也許會(huì)通過(guò)正式的儀式得以確認(rèn), 也許根本就不通過(guò)正式儀式。比如說(shuō), 一對(duì)男同性戀者同居四個(gè)月以后, 會(huì)去教堂望彌撒, 他們將這種宗教活動(dòng)作為互相托付終身的私人儀式。他們用結(jié)婚這個(gè)詞來(lái)描述他們之間的關(guān)系。他們還買了情侶戒指, 信誓旦旦在性關(guān)系上忠于對(duì)方, 感情方面互為支持, 而且表示在家庭財(cái)政等方面擁有平等的發(fā)言權(quán)。此外, 許許多多的男女同性戀者都有孩子。在許多情況下, 這些孩子是同性戀者在以前的異性戀婚姻中的結(jié)晶。后來(lái), 這個(gè)同性戀者在公開場(chǎng)合里承認(rèn)了他或她的同性戀傾向。一些孩子在同性戀家庭里得到撫養(yǎng)——— 家里或有兩個(gè)男人, 或有兩個(gè)女人, 抑或是其他某種家庭構(gòu)成。舉例來(lái)說(shuō), 南希是一名女同性戀者, 她與兩個(gè)男同性戀者共同撫養(yǎng)了一個(gè)女兒, 這兩個(gè)男同性戀中有一個(gè)人就是這個(gè)孩子的生父。
同性戀伴侶和異性戀伴侶一樣要克服相同的困難。他們要面對(duì)家庭勞動(dòng)分工、家庭權(quán)力、性關(guān)系和金錢等問題。另外, 像那些與不同種族的人結(jié)合的伴侶一樣, 同性戀伴侶還要面對(duì)因社會(huì)對(duì)同性戀關(guān)系的歧視所引發(fā)的其他問題。曾有一次蓋洛普民意測(cè)驗(yàn), 調(diào)查美國(guó)公眾對(duì)情投意合的.成年人之間的同性戀關(guān)系是否合法的觀點(diǎn), 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)從20 世紀(jì)70 年代中期到90 年代末, 認(rèn)為同性戀關(guān)系不合法的人數(shù)比例在不斷攀升。因此, 同性戀家庭不僅要應(yīng)付與其他家庭相同的問題, 而且還要面對(duì)一個(gè)充滿敵意的社會(huì)環(huán)境, 并應(yīng)付同性戀關(guān)系。
篇二：
Aging As Development
Human life is a process. A number of psychologistshave attempted to identify the particular tasks thatmust be accomplished at each stage ofdevelopment. Successful completion of tasks at onestage means that the individual normally proceeds tothe next stage and a few set of tasks. It is notalways recognized, however, that there are newtasks for the aged1 as well as for those who are younger. Aging, in other words, is a new stagein the developmental process of life.
What are the developmental tasks faced by the aged? Some tasks are similar to those of otherage groups, and some are peculiar to the elderly. In the nineteenth century, for instance, mostmen had no transition to retirement. Typically, a man worked until disability or death. Fewpeople had to deal with the "empty nest2" problem, since children either did not leave the familyhouse or returned there to live with their elderly parents.
Today, when an increasing number of people are living into their seventies and eighties, thereare at least five developmental tasks facing the elderly. First, the aged must come to termswith3 the physical limitations inherent in4 their stage of life. They will no longer be able toengage in certain activities as often or as successfully as they once could. Second, havingcome to terms with the limitations, the older person must redefine the scope of his or heractivities. Third, the older person must find new sources for satisfying his or her needs. Thismay be particularly acute at the time of retirement for those who hold to the work ethic.
A fourth task is to reassess the criteria for self-evaluation. Again, the loss of work is involved,for many Americans consider themselves worthwhile because they have a fulltime job. Thequestion the elderly person must face is "Am I a worthwhile person because of the kind ofindividual I am, because of the various qualities I possess, or am I worthwhile only as long asI can function in some kind of job?" A man who lost his job in advertising when he was sixty-one told the author that he could not find another job in his field. He has done some freelancework, but he still mourns the loss of his job. "I loved what I did, " he said, "and I resented beingthrown out on the scrap heap5. There are times when I think I'm just not worth anythinganymore. "
Finally, the aged face the task of finding ways to give meaning and purpose to their 021 lives.This task arises throughout the individual's life. Many elderly people find challenges, struggles,and gratifications just as they did in their earlier years.
閱讀自測(cè)
Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the words given in parentheses:
1. We are _____( gratification) to learn that you have won the scholarship.
2. Your work in office has not been very _____( product) .
3. Money will be paid half in advance and half on_____ ( complete ) .
4. All railroads have weight and height _____( limit) because of tunnels, bridges and so forth.
參考答案
1. gratified 2. productive 3. completion 4. limitations
參考譯文
衰老是個(gè)發(fā)展過(guò)程
人生是個(gè)過(guò)程。一些心理學(xué)者試圖找出人生每一階段必須完成的特定任務(wù)。圓滿地 完成一個(gè)階段的任務(wù)意味著這個(gè)人已順利進(jìn)入下一個(gè)階段, 又要面對(duì)一些新的任務(wù)。然 而, 人們并不一定能意識(shí)到不僅年輕人有新任務(wù), 而且老年人也有新的事情要做。換句話 說(shuō), 衰老是人生過(guò)程中一個(gè)新的階段。
那么老年人面對(duì)的發(fā)展任務(wù)是什么呢? 有些任務(wù)與其他年齡組的相似, 還有一些則是 老年人特有的。比如說(shuō), 19 世紀(jì), 大多數(shù)人不會(huì)退休。那個(gè)時(shí)候的人常常會(huì)工作到做不動(dòng) 甚至做到死。很少會(huì)有人面對(duì)“ 守空巢”的問題, 因?yàn)樗麄兊暮⒆踊蛘卟浑x開父母家, 或者 離家后又回來(lái)跟年邁的父母同住。
今天, 步入耄耋之年的老人越來(lái)越多, 他們至少要面對(duì)五項(xiàng)生活任務(wù)。首先, 老年人必 須承認(rèn)這個(gè)人生階段所帶來(lái)的身體上的限制。他們已不能像年輕時(shí)候那樣頻繁地參加某 些活動(dòng), 也不會(huì)如過(guò)去那般成功。第二, 承認(rèn)身體上的局限之后, 老年人就必須重新界定自 己的活動(dòng)范圍。第三, 老年人必須要找到能滿足自己需要的新的資源。對(duì)于那些恪守工作 道德的老年人來(lái)說(shuō), 這一點(diǎn)在他們退休的時(shí)候也許尤為重要。
第四個(gè)任務(wù)是要重新審視自我評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。又要說(shuō)到失去工作這個(gè)問題了, 因?yàn)樵S多 美國(guó)人之所以認(rèn)為自己有價(jià)值, 是因?yàn)樗麄冇幸环萑毠ぷ�。老年人必須面�?duì)的一個(gè)問題 是“ 我的價(jià)值在于我本身, 還是在于我身上有各種優(yōu)點(diǎn), 還是僅僅在于我能在某份工作中起 022 到 一些作用? ”一位在61 歲的時(shí)候失去他在廣告業(yè)的工作的男士對(duì)本作者說(shuō), 他在廣告這 一行已經(jīng)找不到工作了。雖然他現(xiàn)在做一些自由撰稿的活兒, 但仍然為失去原來(lái)的工作而 悶悶不樂。“ 我熱愛我的工作, ”他說(shuō),“ 我討厭像扔垃圾一樣被炒掉。有時(shí)候我感覺自己 已沒有什么價(jià)值了�！�
最后, 老年人還要面對(duì)如何使他們的生活充滿意義和目的的任務(wù)。這個(gè)任務(wù)貫穿了人 的一生。許多老年人最終找到了各種挑戰(zhàn)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和滿足感, 就像他們年輕的時(shí)候一樣。
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