大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考前訓(xùn)練題及答案
Part I Writing xx(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Travel-mate Wanted. You should write at least 150 word following the outline given below:
假設(shè)你是李明，假期即將到來，你打算做一次為期三周的旅行，希望找個(gè)外國(guó)朋友作為游伴(Travel-mate)。擬一個(gè)尋游伴的啟事，交代清楚日程安排、費(fèi)用分擔(dān)情況、對(duì)對(duì)方的要求等，并說明對(duì)方和你一起出游的好處。
Travel-mate Wanted
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Is College Really Worth the Money?
The Real World
Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union.
The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree, but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4,000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out.
So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington, D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved? Nope. At age 24, she takes home about $1,800 a month, $1,200 of which disappears to pay her rent. Add another $180 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math," she says.
Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自帶午餐)her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income," she says.
That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith, they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(深重的)student loans and smothering credit card debt—not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal.
"We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils," says Elizabeth Warren, a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity. or go to college and face a life shackled(束縛)by debt."
Tuition Hikes
For some time, colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, and rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.
Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who—especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations(撥款)fell by 10 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more than 10 percent.
One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the pain. A bookkeeper in Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once.
Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.
Collapsing Investments
Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans—federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear from many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhaps several years, for people to recoup(補(bǔ)償)their losses.
Nadine Sayegh is among those who didn't have the luxury of waiting for her college nest egg to grow back. Her father had invested money toward her tuition, but a large chunk of it vanished when stocks went south. Nadine was then only partway through college. By graduation, she had taken out at least $10,000 in loans, and her mother had borrowed even more on her behalf. Now 22, Nadine is attending law school, having signed for yet more loans to pay for that. "There wasn't any way to do it differently," she says, "and I'm not happy about it. I've sat down and calculated how long it will take me to pay off everything. I'll be 35 years old." That's if she's very lucky: Nadine based her calculation on landing a job right out of law school that will pay her at least $120,000 a year.
Dependent on Loans and Credit Cards
The American Council on Education has its own calculation that shows how students are more and more dependent on loans. In just five years, from 1995 to 2000, the median loan debt at public institutions rose from $10,342 to $15,375. Most of this comes from federal loans, which Congress made more tempting in 1992 by expanding eligibility (home equity no longer counts against your assets) and raising loan limits (a dependent undergraduate can now borrow up to $23,000 from the federal government).
But students aren't stopping there. The College Board estimates that they also borrowed $4.5 billion from private lenders in the 2000-2001 academic year, up from $1.5 billion just five years earlier.
For lots of students, the worst of it isn't even the weight of those direct student loans. It's what they rack up on all those plastic cards in their wallets. As of two years ago, according to a study by lender Nellie Mae, more than eight out of ten undergrads had their own credit cards, with the typical student carrying four. That's no big surprise, given the in-your-face marketing by credit card companies, which set up tables on campus to entice(誘惑)students to sign up. Some colleges ban or restrict this hawking, but others give it a boost. You know those credit cards emblazoned with a school's picture or its logo? For sanctioning such a card—a must-have for some students—a college department or association gets payments from the issuer. Meanwhile, from freshman year to graduation, according to the Nellie Mae study, students triple the number of credit cards they own and double their debt on them. As of 2001, they were in the hole an average $2,327.
A Wise Choice?
One day, Moyer sat down with his mother, Janne O'Donnell, to talk about his goal of going to law school. Don't count on it, O'Donnell told him. She couldn't afford the cost and Moyer doubted he could get a loan, given how much he owed already. "He said he felt like a failure," O'Donnell recalls. "He didn't know how he had gotten into such a mess."
A week later, the 22-year-old hanged himself in his bedroom, where his mother found him. O'Donnell is convinced the money pressures caused his "Sean tried to pay his debts off," she says. "And he couldn't take it."
To be sure, are exceedingly rare. But despair is common, and it sometimes leads students to rethink whether college was worth it. In fact, there are quite a few jobs that don't require a college degree, yet pay fairly well. On average, though, college graduates can expect to earn 80 percent more than those with only a high school diploma. Also, all but two of the 50 highest paying jobs (the exceptions being air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators) require a four-year college degree. So foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice.
Merit Mikhail, who graduated last June from the University of California, Riverside, is glad she borrowed to get through school. But she left Riverside owing $20,000 in student loans and another $7,000 in credit card debt. Now in law school, Merit hopes to become a public-interest attorney, yet she may have to postpone that goal, which bothers her. To handle her debt, she'll probably need to start with a more lucrative(有利的)legal job.
Like so many other students. Mikhail took out her loans on a kind of blind faith that she could deal with the consequences. "You say to yourself, 'I have to go into debt to make it work, and whatever it takes later, I'll manage.'" Later has now arrived, and Mikhail is finding out the true cost of her college degree.
1. Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.
2. The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.
3. One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is that the state support is shrinking.
4. Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.
5. According to Nadine's calculation, she can pay off all her debt when she is if she can get a salary of $120,000 a year right out of law school.
6. Students get money from not only federal loans but also .
7. The college department or association can get payments from the issuer if it sanctions credit cards decorated with .
8. O'Donnell thinks that the cause of her 22-year-old son's is .
9. The author says that foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice because of the 50 highest paying jobs require a four-year college degree except for air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators.
10. Merit will have to start with a more lucrative legal job instead of her favorite position—a public-interest attorney because she has to .
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say they have high hopes for a drug that could one day provide a new form of treatment for HIV-AIDS. A compound, which interferes with an elusive protein used by the HIV virus to infect human cells, has worked extremely well in monkeys. If the drug proves effective in human trials, scientists say, it could bolster(加強(qiáng))the effectiveness of two existing AIDS drugs, particularly in fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus.
Researchers at the pharmaceutical(制藥的)company Merck are very excited about an experimental drug, which has worked as well in monkeys infected with a primate version of the virus as any of the existing anti-AIDS drugs.
It works by blocking one of three proteins, or enzymes, the HIV virus uses to gain entrance into and infect human immune system cells.
Inhibitor drugs have been developed to block two of the proteins, to slow progression of the disease after infection. They have become standard therapy as a "cocktail" for people infected with HIV.
Those enzymes are reverse transcriptase (轉(zhuǎn)錄酶)and protease(蛋白酶). The first converts the virus' genetic material into that of its host cells. The second chops up the resulting larger proteins into smaller pieces, producing smaller viral particles that infect new cells.
The third prong of cellular attack is a protein called integrase(整合酶), which experts say has been harder to block. Once HIV fools host cells by changing its genetic information so it can enter them, integrase acts like a cut and paste operation in a word processor, deleting an immune cell's genetic material and replacing it with its own.
An integrase inhibitor would give doctors a third line of attack against HIV infection, according to virologist Daria Hazuda of the division of Virus and Cell Biology at Merck.
"This would offer a third class of anti-retroviral medications that can be combined with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. And since it is a new mechanism of action, these compounds are active against multi-drug resistant variants. So variants that are resistant to all current therapies have been selected in HIV-patients," she said.
Current anti-AIDS drugs eventually become resistant to therapy, or stop working, because the virus changes its shape.
While researchers are encouraged by the success with the compound's effectiveness in monkey trials, developing a drug that is equally effective in humans can be difficult.
Steven Young is executive director of the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Merck. He says, if scientists find a compound that is equally effective in people, the company would ask U.S. regulators to speed approval of the drug.
"Yeah, I really think that's what we're hoping for," he said. "I mean, we need to get data that show it has robust anti-viral effects in people. And if we're able to get that data, I think we would petition for fast track status."
Dr. Young says an integrase inhibitor has the potential to prevent drug resistance.
"To ensure our best chance of preventing resistance, we would give this as part of a cocktail therapy," he added. "And I think it's really our plan that we would test this with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well."
47. If the drug proves effective in human trials, it could enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.
48. What has become standard cocktail therapy?
49. While integrase s an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.
50. Why would anti-AIDS drugs stop working?
51. According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they would petition for fast track status.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.
These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.
52. The first paragraph is intended to ________.
[A] suggest that self-medication has a long history
[B] define what diagnosis means exactly
[C] praise doctors for their expertise
[D] tell the symptoms from the causes
53. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ________.
[A] they often watch ads on TV
[B] they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised
[C] they generally lead a sedentary life
[D] they don't take to sports and easily catch colds
54. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.
[A] those good things are not without side effects
[B] why clever advertising is so powerful
[C] why in modern times self-medication is still practised
[D] why people develop faulty ways of life
55. The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.
[A] the reasons for keeping medicines at home
[B] people's doubt about taking drugs
[C] what kind of medicine people should prepare at home
[D] the possible harms self-medication may do to people
56. The best title for the passage would be ________.
[A] Medical Practice [B] Clever Advertising
[C] Self-Medication [D] Self-Treatment
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The age of gilded youth is over. Today's under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents.
Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.
When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.
These findings are revealed in a study of the way the ageing of Britain's population is affecting different generations.
Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology(老人學(xué))at King's College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations.
"Today's older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners," she said. "They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings to care for them."
The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, today's under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home it is more likely to be a flat than a house.
Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of ￡13,000. She now earns about ￡20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets(轉(zhuǎn)租)the lunge sofa-bed to her brother.
"My father took pity and paid off my student debts," she said. "But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years—and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man."
Tinker's research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.
57. By saying "the growth of the proportion...to younger generations." (Line 2, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ________.
[A] currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generation
[B] traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generation
[C] with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generation
[D] with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed
58. Why are today's older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?
[A] Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but younger generation will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings for the care of them.
[B] Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.
[C] Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.
[D] Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.
59. Which factor pushed up house prices?
[A] Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.
[B] Many young men need to rent more houses.
[C] It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generation.
[D] The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.
60. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?
[A] By taking photographs for magazines.
[B] By marring a rich man.
[C] By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.
[D] By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.
61. We can conclude from the passage that ________.
[A] today's under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britain
[B] Laura Lenox-Conyngham's attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in Britain
[C] Life can get harder for under-thirties in Britain
[D] elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain
Part V Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an ion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /
as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the
More people than ever are drinking coffee these
days—but in small quantities than they used to. Some 62. ________
manufactures of coffee makers are trying to make 63. ________
advantage of this trend by developing diminutive
machines that brew(煮)smaller amounts of coffee.
Two U.S. appliance companies—Black &Decker,
basing in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of 64. ________
Columbia, Missouri—has recently introduced "drip" 65. ________
coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of
coffee. Neither of the products brew the coffee 66. ________
directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a
separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of
coffee in the morning and drink only a single cup, the 67. ________
new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee.
Black &Decker's Cup-at-a-Time spends $27, while 68. ________
Toastmaster's Coffee Break retails for $20.
Black &Decker also makes a coffee maker
drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal 69. ________
carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed
to keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product,
called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with
a built-in lid that opens during the brewing process,
closes when it is completed. There are several models, 70. ________
including one that fits under the counter, ranging
from $60 to $110 at price. 71. ________
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
72. The area gets ________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).
73. The only sounds are bird calls and the soft noise ________________(當(dāng)水緩緩?fù)苿?dòng)草時(shí)草所發(fā)出的).
74. The visitors planned to ________________(花最少的時(shí)間游覽公園以外的地方).
75. Life is too short ________________(不可每天將時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看電視上).
76. He told the story in such minute detail ________________(簡(jiǎn)直就像他親眼看見一樣).
答案解析
Part I Writing
Travel-mate Wanted
I'm a l9-year-old female sophomore named Li Ming. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three week touring trip with me.
My plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot.
After a 3-day visit there, we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Yangtze River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Shanghai is one of the busiest and fastest developing cities in China. I’d like to have a good tour in Shanghai, so the stay there will be about half a week. A famous Chinese saying goes, "Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth", so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is a must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.
I only expect that my travel-mate could bear her own expenses and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding.
Those interested please contact me either through email (Liming@126.com) or phone call (12345678).
Part II Reading Comprehension ( Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Griffith和Washington D.C. 定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第三段， 再結(jié)合上一段內(nèi)容可知，Griffith想去工會(huì)工作，但其薪水無法支付她欠下的學(xué)生貸款和信用卡債務(wù)，因此她轉(zhuǎn)而去一家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展公司工作，故該句表述正確。
2. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞at graduation和dismal job market定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的倒數(shù)第二段，可知有越來越多的大學(xué)生抵押自己的未來以支付高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)和讀大學(xué)的其他費(fèi)用，他們畢業(yè)時(shí)背負(fù)著沉重的學(xué)生貸款和信用卡債務(wù)，更不用提低靡的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)了。由此可知，大學(xué)生畢業(yè)時(shí)至少面臨三個(gè)問題，故該句表述錯(cuò)誤。
3. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞state support和shrinking定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第一段，可知大學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)自己漲學(xué)費(fèi)是為了支付前沿科技、教職管理人員的工資和醫(yī)療保健等費(fèi)用，而現(xiàn)在政府因預(yù)算吃緊，對(duì)大學(xué)的扶持也在縮減。由此可知，該句表述正確。
4. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞families和investment定位到第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第一段，可知許多家庭原以為自己的計(jì)劃很完善，即便學(xué)費(fèi)繼續(xù)攀高，他們投資的回報(bào)也足夠支付費(fèi)用，可沒想到的是那些投資和股市一起失敗了。由此推斷，很少有家庭可以通過投資計(jì)劃支付高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)，故該句表述錯(cuò)誤。
5. 35 years old。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Nadine和$120, 000 a year定位到第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段的段尾，可知Nadine計(jì)算出，等她還完所有債務(wù)，她就已經(jīng)35歲了，而這還是比較樂觀的估計(jì)，因?yàn)樗挠?jì)算是預(yù)計(jì)自己一畢業(yè)就能找到年薪至少為12萬美元的工作。
6. private lenders and credit cards/private lenders/credit cards。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞federal loans定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題，可知學(xué)生的大部分貸款都是聯(lián)邦貸款，他們也向私人債主借錢，而最糟糕的是他們還透支信用卡，造成信用卡債務(wù)，由此可得答案。
7. the school’s picture or logo。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞payments from the issuer和sanctions定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的最后一段，可知有些大學(xué)鼓勵(lì)信用卡公司在校園內(nèi)吸引學(xué)生辦卡，如果批準(zhǔn)發(fā)放那種印有學(xué)校照片或標(biāo)識(shí)的信用卡，學(xué)校相關(guān)院系或部門就可以從發(fā)卡方得到報(bào)酬。
8. the money pressures。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞O’Donnell和22-year-old定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第二段，可知O’Donnell的兒子年僅22歲就在自己的臥室內(nèi)自殺，而O’Donnell確信是金錢的壓力導(dǎo)致了他的自殺，由此可得答案。
9. all but two。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞foregoing和50 highest paying jobs定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第三段，可知除了空中交通管制員和核反應(yīng)堆操控員以外，50個(gè)報(bào)酬最高的工作只有兩個(gè)需要四年大學(xué)學(xué)歷，所以說上大學(xué)通常不是明智之舉。
10. handle her debt。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Merit和public-interest attorney定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的倒數(shù)第二段，可知Merit想當(dāng)公益律師，但她可能得推遲這一打算，因?yàn)闉榱藨?yīng)付她的債務(wù)，她很可能需要一開始做一份報(bào)酬更高的法律工作。
Part IV Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞human trials和existing AIDS drugs定位到第一段最后一句，可知科學(xué)家表示，該藥物如果在人體試驗(yàn)中被證明是有效的，就會(huì)增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)存兩種治療艾滋病藥物的效力，特別是在對(duì)抗病毒抗藥性方面的效力，由此可得答案。
48. Inhibitor drugs.
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞standard cocktail therapy定位到第四段，可知抑制劑用于阻礙兩種蛋白質(zhì)，減慢感染后病情的發(fā)展，因此已經(jīng)成為治療感染HIV病毒患者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方法，即“雞尾酒療法”，由此可知，成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雞尾酒療法的是抑制劑。
49. a cut and paste operation
根據(jù)題干中的'關(guān)鍵詞word processor定位到第六段第二句，可知HIV病毒一旦通過改變自身的遺傳信息而誘導(dǎo)宿主細(xì)胞并進(jìn)入其中，它就像文字處理軟件中的剪切和粘貼程序一樣，刪除免疫細(xì)胞的遺傳信息，并替換為自己的遺傳信息。
50. Because the virus changes its shape.
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞anti-AIDS drugs和stop working定位到倒數(shù)第六段，可知現(xiàn)有的抗艾滋病藥物最終就不會(huì)起作用了，因?yàn)椴《靖淖兞诵螤�，故可得答案�?/p>
51. show the drug has robust anti-viral effects in people
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Steven Young和fast track status定位到倒數(shù)第三、四段，可知Steven Young表示，他們需要得到表明藥物在人體中有強(qiáng)力抗病毒效果的數(shù)據(jù)，而如果他們可以得到那樣的數(shù)據(jù)，他們就可以申請(qǐng)快速審查，由此可得答案。
Section B
Passage One
52. A 推斷題。本題看似考查第一段的主旨，實(shí)則要結(jié)合全文才能得出答案。選項(xiàng)A、B、D 文章中都有提及，但從整體看來，文章的主線是介紹self-medication(自我藥療)，其中第一段提及了過去的情況，第二段介紹現(xiàn)狀，由此推斷此現(xiàn)象存在已久，所以A正確。
53. B 推斷題。由文章可知，做廣告的目的是要吸引顧客買他們的藥品。從第三段最后一句可知一般只是得了輕微的感冒、咳嗽的人會(huì)根據(jù)廣告自己買藥治病，故選B。
54. C 推斷題。文章第二段和第三段主要論述了現(xiàn)在依然存在自我藥療的原因，即醫(yī)生很難治愈人們不良的生活習(xí)慣造成的亞健康狀態(tài)，所以C正確。
55. D 推斷題。由文章第四段中幾個(gè)帶有worse的并列句可以推知，自我藥療對(duì)人們有潛在的危害，所以D正確。
56. C 主旨題。全文是圍繞自我藥療(self-medication)展開論述的，介紹了它的歷史、現(xiàn)狀以及危害等，所以C正確。
Passage Two
57. C 語義題。解題的關(guān)鍵在于正確理解句中的reverse一詞，它意為“逆轉(zhuǎn)，徹底轉(zhuǎn)變”，所以被考查句說的是傳統(tǒng)上社會(huì)財(cái)富是從老一代流向年輕人，而50歲以上人口的增多徹底轉(zhuǎn)變了該現(xiàn)象，即社會(huì)財(cái)富從年輕人流向老年人，所以C正確。
58. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第六段第二句和第三句可知，這些老人過去在稅收方面的貢獻(xiàn)甚小，而現(xiàn)在他們享受的社會(huì)福利甚多;在三四十年前出生的人則把他們一生中多于三分之一的所得用于照料這些老年人，所以A正確。
59. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第七段第一句可知，老年人數(shù)量越來越多且大多單獨(dú)居住，他們需要更多的住房，于是促使房?jī)r(jià)上升，所以D正確。
60. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第八段第三句指出，Laura Lenox-Conyngham一年賺兩萬英鎊，為雜志準(zhǔn)備要拍照的食物，所以D正確。
61. C 主旨題。文章開頭指出，金色青春的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過去了，如今這一代30歲以下的年輕人是一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來第一批生活水平低于父輩的人，文章接下來更深入、具體地探討了這一主題;原文并未提及Laura Lenox-Conyngham對(duì)工作的態(tài)度，而是說她的這種生活方式在倫敦等地很普遍，故B不正確。由此可知，C正確。
Part V Error Correction
62. small→smaller
該句后面有than，句子是比較級(jí)形式，所以應(yīng)該把small改為比較級(jí)smaller。
63. make→take
take advantage of是固定搭配，意為“利用”。
64. basing→based
base和它的邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用它的過去分詞based。
65. has→have
句子的主語為two U.S. appliance companies，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
66. Neither→Both
根據(jù)文章意思，這里是說兩種產(chǎn)品都如何，所以要用both。
67. and→but
并列句的前后顯然是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意為“大部分人都是早上煮一壺咖啡但是卻只喝一小杯”。
68. spends→costs
spend的主語必須是人，此處主語是物，而且是單數(shù)第三人稱，故用costs。
69. 在drips前加that
定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)不能省略，所以要在drips前加that。
70. 在closes前加and
closes前的逗號(hào)連接了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這在英語中是錯(cuò)誤的，因此必須要加上并列連詞and。
71. at→in
價(jià)錢的前面使用介詞in，即in price。
Part VI Translation
72. fewer than five centimeters of rain a year
“不足五厘米的降雨”可以譯為fewer than five centimeters of rain，也可譯為a rainfall of fewer than five centimeters;“年降雨量”中的“(每)年”可譯為后置定語a year，也可譯為前置定語annual，而rainfall常與annual搭配，故此處還可譯為an annual rainfall of fewer than five centimeters。
73. made by grasses as the water slowly moves them
通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所譯部分應(yīng)為noise的后置定語。noise和“發(fā)出”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示;“當(dāng)……時(shí)”可譯為as或when，“推動(dòng)”可譯為move。
74. spend minimum time sightseeing outside the parks
“(某人)花……時(shí)間做某事”應(yīng)譯為spend some time on sth./ (in) doing sth.。雖然中文部分給出了“最少的”，但句中并沒有明確的比較關(guān)系，因此譯為minimum比least更為恰當(dāng);“游覽”可譯為sightsee或visit，故此處還可譯為spend minimum time visiting (places) outside the parks。
75. to idle away the hours watching TV each day
由給出的中英文可知，該句包含too…to…的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……而不能……”，直接包含否定概念，因此所譯部分無須含有否定詞�！皩r(shí)間浪費(fèi)在……上”可譯為idle away some time doing sth.，也可直接譯為waste time on (doing) sth.，而“每天”可譯為each day或every day，故此處還可譯為to idle away the hours watching TV each/every day或to waste time on watching TV each/every day。
76. that he might himself have been an eye-witness
由給出的中英文可知，該句包含such…that…的結(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合中文可知，that之后的內(nèi)容應(yīng)采用虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，且強(qiáng)調(diào)一種可能性，謂語應(yīng)為might have done的形式。此處沒有表明“看見”的對(duì)象，因此可用eye-witness來表示“看見”;為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“親眼”，又加上hims
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