12月英語六級閱讀理解沖刺題

時(shí)間：2021-01-22 14:09:08 英語六級我要投稿

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2015年12月英語六級閱讀理解沖刺題

　　The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.

2015年12月英語六級閱讀理解沖刺題

　　There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.

　　The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.

　　Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection proce

　　ss of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.

　　The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

　　6. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?

　　[A] Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.

　　[B] We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.

　　[C] We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.

　　[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

　　7. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because ____________.

　　[A] The medical profession is based on trust.

　　[B] There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.

　　[C] The medical profession depends on the government.

　　[D] Cheating exists extensively in medical schools.

　　8. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?

　　[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.

　　[B] Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.

　　[C] Parents are always to blame for their children’s cheating behaviour.

　　[D] Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.

　　9. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?

　　[A] Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.

　　[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.

　　[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

　　[D] There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

　　10. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?

　　[A] Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.

　　[B] Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.

　　[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

　　[D] Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.

　　答案及解析

　　6. 答案是[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

　　解析：文章第一段說，Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫(yī)學(xué)院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重程度，也不甚明了如何對該類現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行預(yù)防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的)，那么[A][B][C]所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。只有[D]的敘述正確。

　　7. 答案是[A] The medical profession is based on trust.

　　解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認(rèn)為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。在醫(yī)學(xué)院就作弊的學(xué)生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了，對醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅(jiān)決打擊。[B]項(xiàng)說的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果，而不是原因。[C]醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府，[D]醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。

　　8. 答案是[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.

　　解析：[A]的內(nèi)容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時(shí)，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在，原因是多方面的。學(xué)生在上醫(yī)學(xué)院之前受到的家庭，社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項(xiàng)[A]的內(nèi)容。[B][C][D]的說法雖然都有道理，但是都過于絕對。學(xué)校的環(huán)境，家長的教育，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是決定性的。Leading，always，primarily之類的用詞決定了它們都不是最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　9. 答案是[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

　　解析：[A]“醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該確立明確道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，淘汰道德素質(zhì)低下的'申請者”是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)槲恼抡劦饺绾握鐒e申請醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)生的道德素質(zhì)的時(shí)候，作者用的是虛擬語氣have的過去式had(if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance)：如果能有可靠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，能預(yù)先了解學(xué)生的道德水平，醫(yī)學(xué)院在錄取的時(shí)候應(yīng)該照顧那些恪守道德準(zhǔn)則的學(xué)生�？梢娔壳安]有這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循。[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.和文章的內(nèi)容相反。因?yàn)槲恼旅鞔_地說Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)，因?yàn)槲恼碌谋疽馐�，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生在學(xué)期間，道德素質(zhì)不僅不會提高，而且可能下降(regress)。但是作者并沒有說，醫(yī)學(xué)院在提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)方面無計(jì)可施，而是敦促學(xué)校采取相應(yīng)措施，imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity，(增強(qiáng)未來的醫(yī)師們的道德感)。

　　10. 答案是[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

　　解析：[C]項(xiàng)和文章最后一段的The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing相呼應(yīng)。[A]錯(cuò)，因?yàn)樽髡邲]有建議醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該降低考試難度。[B]的敘述不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)樽髡叩谋疽馐轻t(yī)學(xué)界的要人應(yīng)該樹立楷模，而不是讓他們設(shè)定一套人人遵循的行規(guī)。[D]錯(cuò)，作者僅提議醫(yī)學(xué)院對有違反道德準(zhǔn)則學(xué)生的處罰應(yīng)該是堅(jiān)決，公正，透明和統(tǒng)一的。作者并沒有明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開除出校。

　　Notes 生詞注釋：

　　inappropriate adj. 不合適的; 不適宜的

　　lenient adj. 寬容的, 寬恕的, 仁慈的

　　validity n. 確實(shí)性, 效力, 合法性

　　multifactorial adj. (不常用)多方面的

　　familial adj. 家庭的

　　norm n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 規(guī)范, 準(zhǔn)則

　　rampant adj. 繁茂的, 蔓延的, (本文)猖獗的

　　imbue v. 浸透,使充滿,感染

　　ethical adj. 道德的; 倫理的

　　remedy v. 治療, 修理, 補(bǔ)救

　　integrity n. 正直, 誠實(shí), 清廉, 完整