大學(xué)英語六級考試模擬試題
無論是在學(xué)校還是在社會中，我們都要用到試題，試題可以幫助主辦方了解考生某方面的知識或技能狀況。那么一般好的試題都具備什么特點呢？以下是小編整理的大學(xué)英語六級考試模擬試題，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
大學(xué)英語六級考試模擬試題 1
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage 1
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determination and a strong possibility of failure, together on occasion with considerable unpopularity.
The hopeful caller (shall we call him George) waits till six o’clock in the evening to take advantage of the so-called “cheap rates” for a long-distance call. The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the junction of two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with rain as George joins a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to a standstill while the person immediately before George carries on an endless conversation, pausing only to another coin every minute or so.
Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the box. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, only to discover that someone unknown has torn out the very page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial directory Enquiries, wait patiently for a reply down the number given.
At last George can go ahead with his call. Just as he is starting to dial, however, the door opens and an unpleasant-looking face peers in with the demand, “Can’t you hurry up” Ignoring such barbarity, George continues to dial and his unwanted companion withdraws. At last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing tone, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on the top of the box. Having at last located them, he dials again: the pips are repeated and he hastily s the coins. A cold voice informs him, “Grand Hotel, Chalfont Wells.” “
I’ve an urgent message for a Mr. Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you put me through to him I’m afraid I don’t know his room number.” The response appears less than enthusiastic and a long long silence follows. George s more coins. Then the voice informs him, “I’ve been trying to locate Mr. Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him leave about a minute ago.”
Breathing heavily, George replaces the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again.
21.The main intention of the passage is to provide____.
A) instructions about how to use a public call box
B) advice about how to deal with public telephone problems
C) criticism of the efficiency of telephone system
D) an account of possible annoyances in using a public telephone
22.Which of the following calls are you unlikely to make at the “cheaprate” referred to
A) To discuss your account in a bank in Scotland.
B) To have a chat with an elderly relation.
C) To ask about a friend in hospital who has just had an operation.
D) To express Christmas greetings to cousins in Australia.
23.George can at least be thankful that ____.
A) the call box is in a convenient position
B) the telephone itself is working
C) he can use the directory in the box to find the number
D) he is able to give his message to the hotel receptionist
24.Why does George have to dial a second time
A) He hasn’t remembered to put the money in the box. B) He hasn’t got enough money with him.
C) He has got to find the money to put in the box. D) He can’t find the number he wants in the directory.
25.What are George’s feelings when he completes his call
A) He has some difficulty in controlling his annoyance.
B) He is very disappointed at missing his friends.
C) He is annoyed with himself for being so stupid.
D) He is depressed at the thought of having to try again to get through.
Passage 2
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
What does it feel like to be approaching the wrong end of middle age For the moment at least, the differences between the young diplomat of 30 years ago and the aging writer of today are more psychological than physical. Naturally. I can hardly ignore the inevitable change in my outward appearance. My hair has gone—well, silver; the whites of my eyes occasionally look more like yolks; and I’ve got heavier round the middle. But all this is merely on the surface inside. I’m not really conscious of feeling very much older than I did my younger days.
Mentally, however, it’s another story. It is no longer a surprise to come into a room and to find that I’m the oldest person in it, but notice the fact all the same. It’s a long time since I stopped worrying about policemen being younger than me; when, on the other hand, I find generals, archbishops and High Court judges in the same happy situation. I tend to grow thoughtful …
Now for the compensations. And there are plenty of them, and by no means the least is a new found independence. Until now, responsibilities seem to have increased year by year; now, thankfully they begin to diminish, and are replaced by new opportunities.
These are positive compensations; there are also negative ones which can be appreciated just as much. Immense pleasure can be got from Putting Things Behind One. My own recent decision—taken with immense relief—has been to give up all efforts to understand modern music. There is more than enough music from the17th, 18th and 19th centuries to keep me happy for the rest of my life. Now, at last, I can face the fact that I just don’t like 20th century music.
Finally, it’s goodbye to hypochondria. When I was young I constantly worried about my health and imagined I had all sorts of terrible diseases. Now those days are over. I love every moment of my life and want it to go on for as long as possible until I become senile or a burden to my family and friends, at which point I would like it to stop at once. I can honestly say that I have had and am still having a wonderful time.
26.In the passage, what is the writer mainly talking about
A) We should take an objective attitude towards the problem of getting old.
B) We can have compensations while getting old.
C) Getting old is a terrible thing.
D) We should refuse to accept the fact of getting old.
27.According to the passage, the changes of the writer while getting old
are the following except ____.
A) the hair has become white
B) the whites of the eyes look like yellow
C) the man becomes fat
D) the difference between the young and the aging writer is more in his o
utward appearance than in his inside
28.According to the writer, what is not the advantage of getting old
A) New opportunities take the place of responsibilities.
B) Immense pleasure can be got from negative compensations.
C) Generals, archbishops and High Court judges are all happy while getting old.
D) Hypochondria will not disturb you any longer.
29.What is the meaning of Putting Things Behind One
A) To put things that should be done after another one. B) To give up.
C) To do the things as you like. D) To delay the time of finishing the work.
30.What is the writer’s attitude towards the problem of getting old
A) Optimistic.B) Pessimistic.C) Indifferent. D) Tolerant.
Passage 3
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism / evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher’s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism I evolution debate.
31.More than twenty books ____.
A) are intended to support creationism
B) are intended to attack Kitcher
C) are written in a style of clarity and effectiveness
D) include Kitcher’s hook
32.“Creationism” in the passage refers to ______.
A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe
B) a notion of the creation of religion
C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation
D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe
33.Kitcher’s book is intended to ______.
A) recommend the views of the evolutionistsB) expose the true features of creationists
C) curse bitterly at his opponentsD) launch a surprise attack on creationists
34.From the passage we can infer that ______.
A) reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate
B) creationists do not base their argument on reasoning
C) evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists
D) creationism is supported by scientific findings
35.This passage appears to be a digest of ______.
A) a book review B) a scientific paper
C) a magazine feature D) a newspaper editorial
Passage 4
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death
NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long，because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Illlaw has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sights of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the hill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from h is breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
36.Which of the following has the similar meaning to the sentence “But the tide is unlikely to turn hack”
A) US and some other countries are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
B) It is impossible to pass the bill.
C) Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.
D) The fact that the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.
37.From the second paragraph we learn that ______.
A) the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
B) physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
C) changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law
D) it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage
38.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ______.
A) observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
B) similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
C) observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
D) the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
39.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ______.
A) face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia B) experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
C) have an intense fear of terrible suffering D) undergo a cooling off period of seven days
40.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ______.
A) opposition B) suspicion C) approval D) doubt
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.We were only able to make a ______ estimate of annual cost.
A) coarse B) rough C) crude D) rude
42.It is ______ nonsense that we win the game by chance.
A) sheer B) shield C) shear D) sheet
43.The diet should be perfectly ______ most people.
A) deficient in B) short of C) intent on D) adequate for
44.The ______ student will have a chance to be successful if he has self-confidence in his mind.
A) common B) usual C) averageD) general
45.Everybody has the general knowledge that the human body is a ______machine.
A) delicate B) precise C) considerateD) sensitive
46.______ cars in traffic jams cause a great deal of pollution.
A) Standing B) Stable C) Stationary D) still
47.We are told that over the next few months our work ______ will change.
A) pattern B) scale C) grade D) rank
48.You can pay for the house in ______ over a specified number of years.
A) compensation B) substitution C) installments D) commission
49.The fragile peace between the two countries was hanging by a ______ .
A) thread B) rope C) string D) cord
50.In general, native speaker will make ______ too when they use their native language.
A) errors B) mistakes C) weaknesses D) flaws
51.The organization publishes a regular ______ of world population statistics.
A) themes B) leaflets C) digests D) insights
52.The government has an ______ to cut tax if he promised to do so.
A) impulse B) influence C) sympathy D) obligation
53.In this company, most of the employees are women, but in the boards of corporations, women are in a ______ .
A) minimum B) shortage C) scarcity D) minority
54.I promised you that I’d help you, I’m not going ______ that.
A) in for B) along withC) back on D) through with
55.I was trying to tell him what really happened, but he ______ me______.
A) gave...up B) cut...short C) turn...out D) put...through
56.What others think I do not know, I can only ______ for myself.
A) speak B) talk C) tell D) say
57.The team has been ______ down the league table and really needs some new players.
A) declining B) lessening C) slipping D) descending
58.They ______ the classroom by adding a new building to it in order to
hold more students.
A) enhance B) enlarge C) strengthen D) magnify
59.Do you think you could ______ that chocolate cake
A) duplicate B) stimulate C) accelerate D) modify
60.On the computer keyboard, this is the key for ______.
A) repelling B) constraining C) compelling D) deleting
61.We can ______ the dangers of driving if we obey all the rules of the road.
A) furnish B) minimize C) prolong
D) rectify
62.While I was on vacation abroad, my mail ______ in the box.
A) accumulate B) assemble C) converge D) crowd
63.Pressing this button, you can ______ the direction of movement of the machine.
A) confuseB) perplex C) hamper D) reverse
64.He’s given too much to his career, worked long hours, and ______ his own children.
A) discard B) miss C) neglect D) omit
65.Tom hardly seems middle-aged, ______ old.
A) less likely B) let alone C) much worseD) all else
66.The way in which information is transmitted has changed ______.
A) dramatically B) startlingly C) enormouslyD) uniquely
67.These are information that I really need to keep on ______.
A) sequence B) segment C) pile D) file
68.That’s one of the most astonishing economic ______ seen since the Second World War.
A) transmissions B) transitions C) transformationsD) transaction
69.Relationships in our department provide a ______ of the fact that people of different nations and cultures can work together peacefully.
A) demonstration B) manifestation C) implementation D) expedition
70.The company is trying to increase its ______ of the market.
A) circulation B) reproduction C) manipulation D) penetration
Part ⅣShort Answer Questions (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
As children, many of us got a great deal of criticism and, as a result, learned a variety of patterns for coping with it. Marya had apparently received little criticism, but, knowing that she was not perfect and deserved what other children got, developed her own patterns of self-judgment and censure. Being judged, whether we are underestimated or overestimated, usually implies a demand, subtle or direct, that we change. If others do not demand change, we may feel the need to demand it of ourselves.
Reactions that are relatively free from attempts to change or discredit us, given by someone who cares for us, and with the intention of letting us know what impressions we are making may be easier to take. If, however, our usual reaction is to defend ourselves, even mild criticism or impressions given gently without demands that we change may play havoc with our defensive structure and become difficult to handle.
Questions:(注意： 答題盡量簡短，超過10個詞要扣分。每條橫線限寫一個英語單詞，標點符號不占格。)
S1.What is the passage mainly about____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
S2. Why is criticism necessary____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
S3. People need criticism for ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
S4. People need the real criticism ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
S5. What does the phrase PLAY HAVOC WITH in the passage mean____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Part ⅤWriting (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “Grades and Ability”. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、有些人認為分數(shù)體現(xiàn)能力。
2、有些人則認為分數(shù)不一定體現(xiàn)能力。
3、我對此問題的看法。
參考答案
Part Ⅰ
Section A
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D
Section B
Passage One
11.A 12.D 13.B
Passage Two
14.C 15.A 16.B
Passage Three
17.C 18.A 19.A 20.D
Part Ⅱ
Passage One 短文大意
使用公用電話可能會遇到煩惱：為了打“便宜價”電話，喬治得等到晚上六點以后;若隊排在前面的人講起話來沒完沒了，他等的時間還要長。找不到電話號碼，還得問查詢臺。毫不容易找到號碼，準備打電話，又有人闖進來催著快點。接通了電話，正等著對方來接，電話里有發(fā)出提示音，要繼續(xù)投幣。慌亂中碰掉了事先準備好的硬幣，電話斷了，只能重撥。若要傳聽，接線人的聲音冷冰冰的，等待時間很長，喬治還得不停地投幣，煩惱真是太多了。
21. 答案 D
【參考譯文】本文的主要目的是為了證實____。
【試題分析】本題考查的是對整文章的綜合理解。
【詳細解答】從全文章內(nèi)容來看，其主要目的不是關(guān)于如何使用公共電話，因為幾乎人人都會使用公用電話，沒有必要進行整論述，進行指導(dǎo)。也不是給人們提供如何處理公用電話問題的建議，而是使用時可能遇到的種種麻煩，并且舉出了實例加以說明。文章一開頭就提出了這個問題，第一個句子就是主題句，也是本文的主題思想，包含了本文的主要目的——證明使用公用電話時可能遇到的煩惱。故D符合本題的要求。
22. 答 案 A
【參考譯文】 對下列幾種電話，哪一種是你未必會打的“便宜價”電話。
【試題分析】本題測試的是分析綜合判斷能力。
【詳細解答】從文中可知，打“便宜價”電話是非常令人懊惱的，因為很難打出去，既費時又費力。對于一般性的問題可能會打“便宜”電話，例如和朋友聊天，問候病人或表示節(jié)日祝賀等，如B、C、D項中所述的情況。但對于重大事情或者緊急事情，人們就不會圖“便宜”而耗掉自己的寶貴時間。所以A符合題意要求，為本題的正確答 案。
23. 答 案 B
【參考譯文】喬治起碼感到欣慰的是____。
【試題分析】本題是對綜合分析判斷能力進行考查
【詳細解答】如果選A(電話亭是在一個方便的位置上)，與題意不符。實際上：The teleph one box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the junction of two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. 電話亭設(shè)在來往汽車轟鳴吵雜的主干道交匯處，加上玻璃窗破損，給打電話的人造成了很大的不便，這顯然不是一個合適和方便的位置。如果選C(他可以使用電話號碼簿查號碼)，與題意也不符。因為：當(dāng)喬治走進電話亭拿起一本電話簿，才發(fā)現(xiàn)不知誰已把他需要的那一頁給撕掉了，他不得不撥打問詢處。但是由于有人在外面不停地敲門，最后只好把所給的號碼記下來，因此他也就未能向旅館中的接待員傳達到他的口信，故D項也不符合題意。但是有一點是肯定的，電話本身并沒有停止工作，這起碼能夠給喬治一點點安慰，故B為本題的正確答 案。
24. 答 案 C
【參考譯文】 為什么喬治不得不再撥一次電話
【試題分析】本題測試的是文章的細節(jié)部分。
【詳細解答】此題答 案可以在短文第四段的第四句話中找到：At last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing tone, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on the top of the box. 最后他聽到電話鈴音的嘎嘎聲，馬上接著是急速的報時信號，要他投幣。但是由于他此刻非常懊惱，以致于把放在箱子上準備投進去的錢幣弄掉了下來，因此，他不得不再找到那些錢幣投入到箱子中去，這也就是為什么他不得不再次撥號的原因。所以C符合本題題意。
25. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 喬治打完電話后心情如何
【試題分析】本題測試的是綜合分析能力。
【詳細解答】喬治打完電話后的心情可以在文章的最后一句話中充分體現(xiàn)出來：Breathingh eavily, George replaces the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again.(喬治重重地吸了一口氣之后，把話筒放好，這時扣門聲又響了。)打電話中遇到了這么多不愉快的事情，自然不會給喬治帶來什么愉快和欣慰，這種煩惱的心情從“重重地吸了一口氣”中表現(xiàn)出來，故A符合本題題意。
Passage Two 短文大意
人到老年將是什么樣的感覺作者認為接著從30年前的年輕的外交官變成現(xiàn)在的中老年作者，這種變化更多的是心理上的，而非生理上的。人到老年會有變化，但是，人到老年也有其有利的方面：發(fā)現(xiàn)自己獨立了，從解脫中找到了樂趣，不象年輕時那樣擔(dān)心健康。作者由衷地說：“從內(nèi)心來說，我并未比年輕的時候感到更老一些。我能老實地說我已擁有并仍在擁有生命中的美好時光�！�
26. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 在短文中，作者主要談?wù)摰氖鞘裁?/p>
【試題分析】本題是道考查綜合能力的邏輯推理題。
【詳細解答】作者在文章的一開始就直接提問：What does it feel like to be approaching the wrong end of middle age(人到老年將是什么樣的感覺)此句點出本文所討論的將是人到老年的問題。接著作者介紹了人到老年將會有是變化，用了大量的筆墨闡明了人到老年也有其有利的一面，其目的在于說明人到老年并非是一件極其可怕的事情，應(yīng)該客觀地面對它，因此A項對待人變老的問題應(yīng)該采取客觀態(tài)度是本題的最佳答 案。B項人變老有補償只是作者用于陳述自己觀點的理由，因此不全面，不能作為本題的答 案。C項人變老是一件可怕的事和D項我們應(yīng)該拒絕接受人變老的事實，這兩項明顯與原文不相符，應(yīng)該排除。
27. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 根據(jù)短文，作者變老時與年青時相比，____是錯誤的。
【試題分析】本題測試的是對句意的理解。
【詳細解答】文章在第一段中介紹了人進入老年的各種變化。Naturally, I can hardly ignore the inevitable change in my outward appearance. My hair has gone—well, silver;the whites of my eyes occasionally look more like yolks, and I’ve got heavier round the middle. (自然，我無法回避人到老年外表上的變化：頭發(fā)花白，眼白開始變黃，肚子越來越大。)本題四個選項中A、B和C三個選項均與此相符。文章在第一段中還說明了… the differences between the young diplomat of 30 years ago and the aging writer of today are more psychological than physical. (… 從30年前的年輕的外交官變成了今天的中老年作者，這種變化更多的是心理上的，而非生理上的。)由此可見，D項所提及的外表變化要多于內(nèi)部變化是錯誤的，符合題意，是本題的答 案。
28. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 根據(jù)作者的觀點，變老的不利因素是什么
【試題分析】本題是道是非辨別題。
【詳細解答】文章中介紹了老有老的好處。第三段中提到… now, thankfully, they begin to diminish, and are replaced by new opportunities. (現(xiàn)在，謝天謝地，它們開始消失，取而帶之的是新的機遇。)這里they指的是前文所提的responsibilities(責(zé)任)。因此A項符合原文。B項也同樣與文章內(nèi)容相符，其根據(jù)在文章的第四段：… there are also negative ones which can be appreciated just as much. Immense pleasure can be got from Putting Things Behind One.同樣文章的最后一段也提到 Finally, it’s goodbye to hypochondria. I find generals archbishops and High Court judges in the same happy situation, …這里in the same happy situation(處于同樣的形勢)指的是都在變化，因此C項符合題意，是本題的正確答 案。
29. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 Putting Things Behind One的意思是什么
【試題分析】本題測試的是根據(jù)上下文推測詞義的能力。
【詳細解答】Putting Things Behind One 從字面上看與A項的意思相同，但是仔細看下文我們就可以知道在文章中A項的解釋并不準確。My own recent decision — taken with immense relief — has been to give up all efforts to understand modern music.這是作者所舉的一例，用以說明Immense pleasure can be got from Putting Things Behind One.因此，本題的正確答 案應(yīng)該是B項，意為放棄。
30. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 作者對人變老的問題的態(tài)度是什么
【試題分析】本題是道推測作者觀點的題目。
【詳細解答】通讀全文，我們不難感覺到作者在文中透露出來的樂觀情緒。作者在第一段最后說：… inside, I’m not really conscious of feeling very older than I did in my younger days.(從內(nèi)心來說，我并未比年輕時候感到更老些。)接著作者列舉了人到老年的好處，同時文章在最后再次表達了 I can honestly say that I have had and am still having a wonderful time.(我能老實地說我已擁有并且仍在擁有生命中的美好時光。)因此不難判斷出本題的最佳答 案應(yīng)該是A項，盡管文章中并未直接明確說明。
Passage Three
短文大意
有20本書是關(guān)于世界起源理論的。所謂的科學(xué)的世界起源理論是以宗教為依據(jù)的，而不是以科學(xué)為依據(jù)的。Kitcher的書有力地批駁了這一偽科學(xué)的理論，揭露了創(chuàng)世說的本質(zhì)。這本書的寫作風(fēng)格清晰明了、生動有力。
31. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 在二十多本書中____。
【試題分析】本題測試的是文章的細節(jié)部分。
【詳細解答】A項“旨在支持creationism”。B項“旨在攻擊Kitcher”。文章首段講了20本書是關(guān)于creationism的，其目的是向迷惑不解的百姓解釋關(guān)于世界的起源沒有兩種正確的科學(xué)理論。顯然A、B不可選。C項“寫作風(fēng)格清晰明了，生動有力”是指Kitcher 的書的寫作風(fēng)格，即第三段首句的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于creationism的書有20本，Kitcher的書是其中之一，因此，第二段詳細介紹Kitcher的書，所以D項為正確答 案。
32. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 短文中creationism指的是____。
【試題分析】本題考查的是根據(jù)短文推測詞義的能力。
【詳細解答】短文第一段中說：這些書的目的是盡力向被弄糊涂和缺乏知識的老百姓解釋關(guān)于宇宙和生命的起源和發(fā)展兩種同等正確的科學(xué)理論�！翱茖W(xué)的”世界起源理論…是以宗教為依據(jù)而不是以科學(xué)為依據(jù)的(“Scientific” creationism … is based on religion, not science), scientific帶上引號說明不是真正科學(xué)的，而是假的或是自我標榜的。另外，第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的…their deception and distortion也提供了依據(jù)，故選項D正確。A項“政治意義上的關(guān)于宇宙起源的理論”，B項“宗教上的創(chuàng)世紀概念”，C項“對地球形成的科學(xué)解釋”均不是正確答 案。
33. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 Kitcher的書意在____。
【試題分析】本題是對文章段落的整體理解進行考查。
【詳細解答】本文第二段具體介紹Kitcher’s book各個章節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容：第一章對creation力量進行了介紹，并適當(dāng)引出了對creationists的批評。在最后三章里，作者takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating;作者還向那些不了解creationists的人描述了他們的programs and tactics(欺騙手法)，這一切充分說明了Kitcher’s book(B)旨在揭露creationists的本質(zhì)特征。A項介紹evolutionists的觀點，C項猛烈抨擊他的對手，D項向creationists發(fā)動突然襲擊，均非本題的正確答 案。
34. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 從短文中我們能夠推知____。
【試題分析】本題為間接推理題。
【詳細解答】本題要求考生根據(jù)文章推出一定的結(jié)論。短文第一段中明確說明了所謂科學(xué)的creationism是以宗教為依據(jù)，而不是以科學(xué)為依據(jù)的 (… is based on religion, not science)。宗教的東西不可能是科學(xué)的邏輯推理，因此B項(creationists的論據(jù)不是以邏輯推理為基礎(chǔ)的)是正確答 案。從全文看，作者列舉了大量證據(jù)，包括Kitcher’s book的內(nèi)容，有力地批駁了creationists的所謂理論，從這方面看也可以判定creationist的論據(jù)缺乏合理性。A項“邏輯推理在辯論中起了決定性作用”，C項“進化理論對非專業(yè)者來說太難”，D項“創(chuàng)世說理論得到了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的支持�！本c原文不符。
35. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 本文象是____摘要。
【試題分析】本題測試的是了解分析推理能力。
【詳細解答】題目問本文象什么摘要。A項“書評”，B項“科學(xué)論文”，C項“雜志”，D項“社論”。本文在開頭介紹了所有書的寫作目的(try to explain …);接著介紹了Kitcher的書的主要內(nèi)容，介紹了Kitcher其人及其論據(jù)為什么清晰易懂，作后還介紹了書的護封上某名人的評價。綜上所述，本文最象書評摘要，而不可能是其他三個選項。
Passage Four短文大意
經(jīng)過長時間的艱辛的努力，終于通過了有關(guān)安樂死的法律。有些人攻擊該法案，想去****它，但是這并不能逆轉(zhuǎn)局勢，盡管認識到通過該法案的意義需要時間。
36. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 與But the tide is unlikely to turn back相近意思是哪一項
【試題分析】本題為句意理解題。
【詳細解答】But the tide is unlikely to turn back可直譯為：可這種潮流是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的。上文說：有些人攻擊該法案，言外之意是有些人想****該法案。為什么不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)局勢下文列舉事例進行了說明。因此，答 案為D項“NT Rights of Terminally I11法案事實是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的”，而不是A項(美國和其他國家等待著發(fā)生多米諾骨牌效應(yīng))，不是B項(不可能通過該法案)，也不是C項(法律允許醫(yī)生剝奪病人的生命)。
37. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 從第二段我們可以知道____。
【試題分析】本題是道推理論斷題。
【詳細解答】A)在別的國家里對安樂死的反對緩慢。B)醫(yī)生和市民對安樂死持相同的觀點。C)不斷變化的技術(shù)對草率通過該法律應(yīng)付主要責(zé)任。C)需要時間才能認識到通過該法律的意義。根據(jù)短文第二段，A、C兩項文中未提到，易于排除，而B項干擾性很大。第二段第二句話說醫(yī)生和市民同樣需要從道義和實際兩方面去對待安樂死這一問題，alike同樣地 (adv.)，它修飾動詞trying，而不是指“持相同意見”，而且緊接著下文說：一些人如釋重負，另一些人則猛烈抨擊，顯然，觀點是不一致的，故B不可選。D與短文第二段的首句意義一致;
The full import may take a while to sink in.理解其全部含義需要時間(sink in理解=become understood, have a fixed place in mind)。
38. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 作者說觀察者們等待著多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)的發(fā)生，他的意思是____。
【試題分析】本題測試的是對文章段落的理解和推論。
【詳細解答】Dominoes本身是多米諾骨牌游戲，一塊牌倒下，其他的全部跟著倒下，即發(fā)生連鎖反應(yīng)。根據(jù)短文第二段中的上下文，澳大利亞通過安樂死的法律，美國和加拿大的一些人“期待著多米諾骨牌開始倒下”，顯然，這里是在暗喻期待類似發(fā)法律也相繼在本國實施。因此，選項B(類似的法案和可能在美國和加拿大得以通過)的解釋與題目意思最相近。
39. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 當(dāng)Lloyd Nickson去世之時，他將____。
【試題分析】本題為間接推理題。
【詳細解答】文中并未直接說到Nickson怎樣面對死亡，但根據(jù)他的話可知，他不怕死，而是害怕如何去死，害怕經(jīng)歷臨走前因呼吸困難而垂死掙扎的痛苦。可如今，安樂死的法律已被通過，他不必這樣提心吊膽了，正如文章最后部分所說：… law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.據(jù)此可知，選項A是正確答 案，即Nickson將帶著安樂死特有的平靜去面對死亡。B、C是過去的情況，與安樂死合法化后的情況不符;文中雖然提到了病人在簽字實施安樂死前需要七天穩(wěn)定情緒，但是D項并非該題所問，故D也不能入選。
40. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 對待安樂死作者是持____觀點。
【試題分析】本題考查的是間接推理能力。
【詳細解答】需要從字里行間去推斷作者的態(tài)度。雖然文中作者并未直接表明自己的觀點，但是作者通過列舉事例暗示了自己的觀點。首先，作者提到了加拿大的John Hofsess，并引用了他的話：“…這是世界歷史上的大事�！苯又诘诙沃�，作者提到了在美國和加拿大一些人期待著類似法律的相繼實施，最后以Nickson為例說明了該法案得到了病人的擁護與歡迎，據(jù)此可知作者是持贊同(approval)觀點的。
Part Ⅲ
41. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 我們只能對年成本作一個大致的估計。
【詳細解答】rough 是個多義詞，其中的一個含義相當(dāng)于approximate， 可譯為“粗略的、大致的”，因此B項是本題的正確答 案。coarse，crude，rude這三個詞在做“粗糙的、粗魯?shù)摹钡囊馑冀忉尩臅r候與rough是同義詞，但是它們不能和calculation, computation, estimate等詞進行搭配表示“粗略的”之意。
42. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 我們贏得比賽純屬偶然的說法完全是胡說八道。
【詳細解答】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看應(yīng)該填入一個用于修飾nonsense的詞，sheer的意思是“完全的、十足的”，可以用來修飾nonsense，因此是本題的正確答 案。其他三個詞的詞形與sheer相似，但意思不同，放在句子中不能形成合理的邏輯關(guān)系。
43. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 對大多數(shù)人來說，這種飲食是完全合適的。
【詳細解答】deficient in 和short of的意思均為“缺少……的”，用于本題之中意思講不通，intent on是“專心、一心一意(于……)”之意，放入句中句意不通順。只有adequate for(對……適當(dāng)?shù)�、充分�?符合本題的題意。
44. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 只要心里有自信，一般學(xué)生也有機會獲得成功。
【詳細解答】這一組詞是近義詞，usual主要指“最常見的”，一般不與表示“人”的名詞搭配。general可譯為“一般的、普通的”，但修飾人的時候主要指“只有普通知識的人、不需要特別技能的人”。common可以解釋為“普通的、平常的`”，但是從本題的句意來看，句中所指的“一般的”是指有代表性的，因此它沒有average合適。
45. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 每個人都有這個常識：人體是一臺精巧的機器。
【詳細解答】本題需要填入一個用語修飾machine的形容詞delicate(精心的)可以用來修飾machine。precise意為“精確的、準確的”，sensitive意為“靈敏的”，considerate意為“考慮周到的、體諒的”，這三個詞用于本題都不太貼切。
46. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 交通阻塞時汽車靜止不動，這樣會產(chǎn)生大量的污染。
【詳細解答】standing作為形容詞使用的時候意思是“常設(shè)的”，它也有“不動的”的意思，但是沒有“固定不動的”之意。still意為“靜止的”，更多地強調(diào)“靜”的意思。而stable則為“穩(wěn)定的”意思，與句意相差甚遠。stationary(固定的、靜止不動的)有側(cè)重于位置固定不動的意思，因此是本題的正確選項。
47. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 我們被告知在隨后的幾個月里我們的工作模式將發(fā)生變化。
【詳細解答】scale可以作“規(guī)�！眮碇v，但是常常與介詞on進行搭配。grade(等級、級別)和rank(順序、等級)都不適合于本題，因此只有pattern(模式)適合于本題句意。
48. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 你可以用在規(guī)定的年限內(nèi)分期付款的方式購買房子。
【詳細解答】本題要求填入一個能夠與介詞in進行搭配的名詞。in compensation的意思是“以作賠償”; in substitution意為“代替……”, 后常與介詞for連用;in commission可以作“委托、傭金”解釋，這三個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)放入句中都與句子的意思不符。in installments是“分期(付款)”的意思，正好與句子意思相符。
49. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 兩國間的和平關(guān)系岌岌可危、危在旦夕。
【詳細解答】四個選項都有“繩子、線”的意思，但是能夠和hang進行搭配的只有thread。hang by a thread表示某事的情況很不穩(wěn)定，岌岌可危、危在旦夕。
50. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 一般說來，本國人在使用自己的語言的時候也會犯錯誤。
【詳細解答】在表示犯語言錯誤的時候只能用error和mistake這兩個詞。error所指的錯誤是語法錯誤，而mistake所指的是語用錯誤。對于本國人來說，他們一般所犯的都是語用錯誤，因此用mistake更合適。
51. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 該組織定期出版有關(guān)世界人口統(tǒng)計資料的摘錄。
【詳細解答】digest意為“摘錄”。theme意思是“主題、題目”;leaflet意思是“傳單、散頁印刷品”;insight意思是“深刻見解”，這三個詞放入句中不合邏輯，因此都不是本題的答 案。
52. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 政府有責(zé)任實施他所承諾的減稅義務(wù)。
【詳細解答】根據(jù)句意，只有obligation(義務(wù)、責(zé)任)符合題意，而其他三個詞impulse(沖動、突然的欲望)、influence(影響、感化)和sympathy(同情、同情心)都不合適。
53. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 這家公司里大多數(shù)職員都是女的，但是在公司董事會里，婦女是少數(shù)。
【詳細解答】根據(jù)句意，空格處應(yīng)該填入表示“少數(shù)”意思的詞，而in a minority就恰好表示此意。shortage表示“不足、缺少”，scarcity表示“稀少、欠收”，minimum表示“最低限度、最少量”。
54. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 我答應(yīng)過要幫助你，我是不會食言的。
【詳細解答】go back on意為 “違背”。go in for 意思是“愛好、從事”，表示從事某種具體的活動;go along with意思是“贊同、支持”;go through with意思是“將……進行到底”。這三個詞組放入句中，句子意思不通順。
55. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 我想把實際情況告訴他，但是他打斷了我的話，不讓我說完。
【詳細解答】根據(jù)題意，這里要填入一個表示“打斷”意思的短語。cut someone short意為“打斷”;give someone up意為“把某人交給、招供出某人”;turn someone out意為“驅(qū)逐某人、使某人離開”;put someone through意為“為某人接通電話”。
56. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 我不知道別人怎么想，我只能說出我個人的想法。
【詳細解答】speak意為“說話、談話”，強調(diào)說話能力。talk通常指“交談”，也有“說服”的意思。tell意為“告訴”，偏重提供情況。say意為“說、講”，強調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容。
57. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 這個隊在協(xié)會中的名望不斷下降，的確需要增補幾名新隊員了
【詳細解答】slip作“下降”意思講的時候，主要強調(diào)水平或者標準的下降。decline(下降), 主要強調(diào)數(shù)量的下降或減少。descend意思是“下來，下降”，表示從高處降到低處。lessen表示大小、程度、重要性的減弱或者減少。
58. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 他們蓋了一棟新樓，增大了教室面積，以容納更多的學(xué)生。
【詳細解答】enlarge(擴大、增大)可以和名詞farm、 view等詞搭配使用。enhance意思是“提高、增強”;strengthen的意思是“加強、變強”;magnify意思是“夸大、放大”。
59. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 你認為你可以復(fù)制出同樣的巧克力蛋糕嗎
【詳細解答】duplicate意為“模仿、復(fù)制”，符合題目的意思。stimulate是“激勵、促進”的意思，accelerate是“加速、促進”的意思”，modify是“變更、更改”的意思。
60. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 在計算機鍵盤上，這個鍵是刪除鍵。
【詳細解答】意為“刪除”，而repel表示“排斥”，constrain表示“抑制、限制”，compel表示“排斥、抵抗”。
61. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 如果開車時我們能夠遵守一切交通規(guī)則， 我們就能將危險減少到最小程度。
【詳細解答】minimize意思是“減小到最低限度”，符合本題的題意。furnish意思是“提供”，prolong意思是“延長”，rectify意思是“糾正、校正”，這三個詞放入句中，句子意思講不通。
62. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 我在國外度假期間，我的信箱里堆滿了信件。
【詳細解答】根據(jù)句子的意思，這里需要填入一個表示“積累、聚集”意思的詞，accumulate 正是此意。assemble表示“集合”，converge表示“會合、聚集”，crowd表示“群集、擁擠”。
63. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 如果我們按下這個按鈕，我們就能夠改變機器的運動方向。
【詳細解答】reverse的意思正是“顛倒、倒轉(zhuǎn)”，放入句中，句子通順。hamper(阻礙)、confuse(混淆、使糊涂)、perplex(使困惑、使費解)放入句中，意思講不通。
64. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 他對自己的工作太投入，每天工作時間很長，忽視了自己的孩子。
【詳細解答】neglect意為“忽視、忽略”，符合本題的要求。omit的意思是“遺漏、疏忽”，discard的意思是“丟棄、拋棄”。miss 的意思是“漏掉、省略”，后可以跟介詞out連用。
65. 答 案 B。
【參考譯文】 湯姆看起來不像是中年人，那就更不用說像老年人了。
【詳細解答】let alone這個詞組的意思是“更不用說”，但是其他三個詞組less like(可能性很小),much worse(更加糟糕)和 all else(其他一切)都沒有這個意思。
66. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 信息傳輸?shù)姆绞桨l(fā)生了根本性的變化。
【詳細解答】dramatically(引人注目的、戲劇性的)強調(diào)行為發(fā)生的突然性。startlingly(驚人的)注重某事因不同一般而令人驚奇。enormously(巨大的、極大的)通常用于修飾程度、規(guī)模的龐大。uniquely(獨特的、獨一無二的)用于表示事物的獨特性。
67. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 這些信息我的確需要存檔。
【詳細解答】keep something on file是固定搭配，表示“存檔、歸檔”的意思。 sequent的意思是“順序”，segment的意思是“部分、片段”。pile的意思是“堆”，通常情況下用語a pile of結(jié)構(gòu)中。
68. 答 案 C。
【參考譯文】 自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，這是最令人震驚的經(jīng)濟改革之一。
【詳細解答】根據(jù)題目的意思，空格之處應(yīng)該填入一個表示“改造、改革”之意的詞，transformation正好具有此意。transmission(傳遞、傳送)、transaction(業(yè)務(wù))和transition(過渡、轉(zhuǎn)變)這三個詞雖然在詞形上非常相似，但是在意思上卻是大相徑庭。
69. 答 案 A。
【參考譯文】 我們部門的人際關(guān)系說明了下面這樣一個事實：不同民族和文化的人是可以和睦共處的。
【詳細解答】demonstration除了作“示威”的意思解釋之外，還有“說明、表現(xiàn)”之意。manifestation是“顯示、顯露”的意思。implementation是“履行、實施”的意思。expedition是“遠征、探險、考查”的意思，這三個詞放入句中，句子的意思都無法講通。
70. 答 案 D。
【參考譯文】 該公司正設(shè)法進一步打入市場。
【詳細解答】penetration的意思是“滲透、進入”，正符合題目要求，句子意思通順。 Circulation(傳播、發(fā)行)、manipulation(操縱、控制)和reproduction(復(fù)制、繁殖)雖然后綴都一樣，但是詞義相差甚大，放入句中，意思講不通。
Part Ⅳ
S1. 答 案 Criticism.
S2. 答 案 Because it is a kind of demand that we change.
S3. 答 案 self-improvement and self-perfect.
S4. 答 案 free from discrediting others.
S5. 答 案 Be harmful to.
大學(xué)英語六級考試模擬試題 2
寫作：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 當(dāng)前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象
2. 誠實利人利已，做人應(yīng)該誠實
參考范文
It Pays to Be Honest
Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot.
Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends.
Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them, besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.
閱讀理解
It being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we doing with the information? Just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill.
If this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders. More young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects. The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don’t need; the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, and if you want to train someone to be anti-establishment, “I can’t think of a better way to do it,” says the writer of this report.
The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency: a low income family a large family, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in the child. Not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. Of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten, half became juvenile delinquents—compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole.
Three more factors make the prediction more accurate: being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten, having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record. Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law.
Among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children.
The role of the schools emerges as extremely important. The most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers’ ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten. If the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children: a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant, and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers.
1.According to the author, delinquency should be tackled ___.
A.before adolescence
B.during institutional treatment
C.during adolescence
D.when the problem becomes acute
2.The number of young offenders could be reduced by the way of ___.
A.new legal measures
B.better residential care
C.brief periods of harsh punishment
D.examination of their backgrounds
3.What is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention centers?
A.They become more violent
B.They receive useful training
C.They become used to institutions
D.They turn against society
4.Ten-year-old children likely to become offenders are usually___.
A.spoilt children from small families.
B.bright children in a poor family.
C.dull children with many brothers and sisters.
D.children whose parents have acquired wealth dishonestly.
5.The writer concludes that potential offenders could be helped by ___.
A.spending more time at school
B.more encouragement at school
C.more activities outside school
D.stricter treatment from teachers
答案：ADDCB
The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life.
In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.
1.What is the passage mainly concerned about?
A.Religion has a variety of interpretation.
B.Religion is a reflection of ignorance.
C.Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.
D.Religion includes all kinds of activities.
2.What does the word “observance” probably convey in Para. 1?
A.notice
B.watching
C.conformity
D.experience
3.According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?
A.Fantastic observance
B.Spiritual practice
C.Individual observance of tradition
D.A complex of activities
4.Which of the following is not true?
A.It is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.
B.“The path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to.
C.According to the author, the committed believers define religion improperly.
D.The author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of “the sacred”.
5.Which of the following is religion according to the passage?
A.Performance of human beings.
B.Buddha, monotheism and some tribal tradition.
C.Practice separated from culture.
D.All the above.
答案：ACBDB
You stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its surroundings. What you now see appears to drift upward.
These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpreting what must be happening—that your brain must have moved, not the other; that downward motions is now normal, so a change from it must now be perceived as upward motion.
The sensors that make this magic are of two kinds. Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burning ten miles away.
Color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, a third to blue.
Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve. We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.
Like apparent motion, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. When day gives way to night, twilight brings what the poet T.S. Eliot called “the violet hour.” A light levels fall, the rods become progressively less responsive. Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green, and they impart a strange vividness to the garden’s blue flowers.
However, look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sunset, and you’ll still see it in its “true” color—white, not red. Our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings. They therefore observe the effect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.
The eyes can distinguish several million graduations of light and shade of color. Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us.
Yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called the retina, about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp. As the Renaissance inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder, “Who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”
1.Visual illusions often take place when the image of reality is ___.
A.matched to six to seven million structures called cones.
B.confused in the body’s sensors of both rods and cones.
C.interpreted in the brain as what must be the case.
D.signaled by about 120 million rods in the eye.
2.The visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of color is called ___.
A.cones
B.color vision
C.rods
D.spectrum
3.The retina send pulses to the brain ___.
A.in short wavelengths
B.as color pictures
C.by a ganglion cell
D.along the optic nerve.
4.Twenty-four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because ___.
A.the image we see usually stays longer than it actually appears.
B.we see an object in comparison with its surroundings.
C.the eyes catch million pieces of information continuously.
D.rods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second.
5.The author’s purpose in writing the passage lies in ___.
A.showing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyes.
B.informing us about the different functions of the eye organs.
C.regretting that we are too slow in thestudyof eyes.
D.marveling at the great work done by the retina.
答案：CADAB
Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.
According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in come way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.
During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.
The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singer” to their students. The material used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit; brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized by being crushed between 2 stones much as corns is ground into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and fore-finger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.
1.The purpose of the passage is to ___.
A.discuss the medical uses of sandpaintings in medieval Europe.
B.studythe ways Navaho Indians handed down their painting art.
C.consider how Navaho “singer” treat their ailments with sandpaintings.
D.tell how Navaho Indians apply sandpainting for medical purposes.
2.The purpose of a healing ceremony lies in ___.
A.pleasing the ghosts
B.attracting supernatural powers
C.attracting the ghosts
D.creating a sandpainting
3.The “singer” rubs sand on the patient because ___.
A.the patient receives strength from the sand
B.it has pharmaceutical value
C.it decorates the patient
D.none of the above
4.What is used to produce a sandpainting?
A.Paint
B.Beach sand
C.Crushed sandstone
D.Flour
5.Which of the following titles will be best suit the passage?
A.A New Direction for Medical Research
B.The Navaho Indians’ Sandpainting
C.The Process of Sandpainting Creation
D.The Navaho Indians’ Medical History
答案：DBACB
翻譯
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
一個人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標準可以衡量嗎?提出一個絕對的'標準當(dāng)然很困難;但是，大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真，看他對待勞動、工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當(dāng)?shù)墓烙嬃恕９艁硪磺杏谐删偷娜�，都很嚴肅地對待自己的生命，當(dāng)他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動、多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)、不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費掉。我國歷代的勞動人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
參考翻譯
Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of one's life?It's certainly difficult to offer a definite standard.But generally speaking,we can tell it by judging his attitude towards life and work,making clear whether he is serious about his life.
Throughout the history,the outstanding people were all very serious about their lives.They made best use of every minute of their lives to work andstudyas much as possible,never wasting their time.None of the working people and the great statesmen and their thinkers were of exception.
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